Operation Chaining Asynchronous Pipelined Circuits

 

In ICCAD

Girish Venkataramani and Seth Copen Goldstein

Nov 1990

Abstract

We define operation chaining (op-chaining) as an optimization problem to determine the optimal pipeline depth for balancing performance against energy demands in pipelined asynchronous designs. Since there are no clock period requirements, asynchronous pipeline stages can have non-uniform latencies. We exploit this fact to coalesce several stages together thereby saving power and area due to the elimination of control-path resources from the pipeline. The trade-off is potentially reduced pipeline parallelism.

In this paper, we formally define this optimization as a graph covering problem, which finds sub-graphs that will be synthesized as an opchained pipeline stage. We then define the solution space for provably correct solutions and present an algorithm to efficiently search this space. The search technique partitions the graph based on post-dominator relationships to find sub-graphs that are potential op-chain candidates. We use knowledge of the Global Critical Path (GCP) [13] to evaluate the performance impact of accepting a candidate sub-graph and formulate a heuristic cost function to model this trade-off. The algorithm has a quadratic-time complexity in the size of the dataflow graph. We have implemented this algorithm within an automated asynchronous synthesis toolchain [12]. Experimental evidence from applying the algorithm on several media processing kernels reveals that the average energy-delay and energy-delay-area products improve by about 1.4x and 1.8x respectively, with a maximum improvement of 5x and 18x.


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@inproceedings{venkataramani-iccad07,
  author = {Venkataramani, Girish and Goldstein, Seth Copen},
  title = {Operation Chaining Asynchronous Pipelined Circuits},
  booktitle = {ICCAD},
  abstract = {We define operation chaining (op-chaining) as an
     optimization problem to determine the optimal pipeline depth for
     balancing performance against energy demands in pipelined
     asynchronous designs. Since there are no clock period
     requirements, asynchronous pipeline stages can have non-uniform
     latencies. We exploit this fact to coalesce several stages
     together thereby saving power and area due to the elimination of
     control-path resources from the pipeline. The trade-off is
     potentially reduced pipeline parallelism. 

In this paper, we formally define this optimization as a graph covering problem, which finds sub-graphs that will be synthesized as an opchained pipeline stage. We then define the solution space for provably correct solutions and present an algorithm to efficiently search this space. The search technique partitions the graph based on post-dominator relationships to find sub-graphs that are potential op-chain candidates. We use knowledge of the Global Critical Path (GCP) [13] to evaluate the performance impact of accepting a candidate sub-graph and formulate a heuristic cost function to model this trade-off. The algorithm has a quadratic-time complexity in the size of the dataflow graph. We have implemented this algorithm within an automated asynchronous synthesis toolchain [12]. Experimental evidence from applying the algorithm on several media processing kernels reveals that the average energy-delay and energy-delay-area products improve by about 1.4x and 1.8x respectively, with a maximum improvement of 5x and 18x.}, month = {Nov}, year = {2007}, url = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~seth/papers/venkataramani-iccad07.pdf}, keywords = {Asychronous Circuits, CAD, Global Critical Path}, }


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