|
Papers by Year (Most Recent on the top)
2007 |
(in press) Adhesion and Anisotropic Friction Enhancements of Angled Heterogeneous Micro-Fiber Arrays with Spherical and Spatula Tips | bib abstract | |
M.P. Murphy, Burak Aksak, and Metin Sitti.
Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology,
2007.
|
| hide Abstract | Angled polyurethane fiber arrays are modified by adding soft spherical and spatula shaped tips by dipping. These fibers are characterized for adhesion and friction and compared with unmodified fibers and flat material samples. Sphere and spatula tip fiber samples demonstrate increased adhesion, with 10 and 23 times the maximum adhesion of the unmodified fiber sample, respectively. The sphere and spatula tip fiber samples also show increased friction, with 1.6 and 4.7 times the maximum friction of the unmodified fiber sample, respectively. Simultaneous friction and adhesion is observed in a synthetic dry angled fibrillar adhesive sample (spatula tip fiber sample) for the first time. The direction dependent friction of angled fibers is investigated and observed. The adhesion and friction results reported in this paper suggest that fibers with negligible adhesion can be modified to exhibit significant adhesion and friction enhancement by the proposed fiber tip modifications. |
| | @article{aksak-jast07,
author = {Murphy, M.P. and Aksak, Burak and Sitti, Metin},
title = {Adhesion and Anisotropic Friction Enhancements of Angled
Heterogeneous Micro-Fiber Arrays with Spherical and Spatula
Tips},
journal = {Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology},
year = {2007},
abstract = {Angled polyurethane fiber arrays are modified by adding
soft spherical and spatula shaped tips by dipping. These fibers
are characterized for adhesion and friction and compared with
unmodified fibers and flat material samples. Sphere and spatula
tip fiber samples demonstrate increased adhesion, with 10 and 23
times the maximum adhesion of the unmodified fiber sample,
respectively. The sphere and spatula tip fiber samples also show
increased friction, with 1.6 and 4.7 times the maximum friction
of the unmodified fiber sample, respectively. Simultaneous
friction and adhesion is observed in a synthetic dry angled
fibrillar adhesive sample (spatula tip fiber sample) for the
first time. The direction dependent friction of angled fibers is
investigated and observed. The adhesion and friction results
reported in this paper suggest that fibers with negligible
adhesion can be modified to exhibit significant adhesion and
friction enhancement by the proposed fiber tip modifications.},
keywords = {Gecko, Adhesion, Angled Fiber Array, Friction, Dry
Adhesive, Bioinspired adhesive},
url = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~claytronics/papers/aksak-jast07.pdf}
}
|
|
(under review) Collective Actuation | bib abstract | |
Jason D. Campbell and Padmanabhan Pillai.
International Journal of Robotics Research,
2007.
|
| hide Abstract | Modular robot designers confront an inherent tradeoff between size and power: Smaller, more numerous modules increase the adaptability of a given volume or mass of robot—allowing the aggregate robot to take on a wider variety of configurations—but do so at a cost of reducing the power and complexity budget of each module. Fewer, larger modules can incorporate more powerful actuators and stronger hinges but at a cost of overspecializing the resulting robot in favor of corresponding uses. In the paper we describe a technique for coordinating the efforts of many tiny modules to achieve forces and movements larger than those possible for individual modules. In a broad sense, the question of actuator capacity and range thus may become one of software coding and ensemble topology as well as of hardware design. An important aspect of this technique is its ability to bend complex and large-scale structures and to realize the equivalent of large scale joints. Although our results do not suggest that modular robots will replace high power purpose-built robots, they do offer an increase in the plausible scalability of modular robot self-reconfiguration and facilitate a corresponding increase in adaptability. |
| | @article{campbell-ijrr-srmr,
author = {Campbell, Jason D. and Pillai, Padmanabhan},
title = {Collective Actuation},
journal = {International Journal of Robotics Research},
year = {2007},
keywords = {Actuation, Controlling Ensembles},
abstract = {Modular robot designers confront an inherent tradeoff
between size and power: Smaller, more numerous modules increase
the adaptability of a given volume or mass of robot---allowing
the aggregate robot to take on a wider variety of
configurations---but do so at a cost of reducing the power and
complexity budget of each module. Fewer, larger modules can
incorporate more powerful actuators and stronger hinges but at a
cost of overspecializing the resulting robot in favor of
corresponding uses. In the paper we describe a technique for
coordinating the efforts of many tiny modules to achieve forces
and movements larger than those possible for individual modules.
In a broad sense, the question of actuator capacity and range
thus may become one of software coding and ensemble topology as
well as of hardware design. An important aspect of this technique
is its ability to bend complex and large-scale structures and to
realize the equivalent of large scale joints. Although our
results do not suggest that modular robots will replace high
power purpose-built robots, they do offer an increase in the
plausible scalability of modular robot self-reconfiguration and
facilitate a corresponding increase in adaptability.}
}
|
|
(in preperation) Distributed Watchpoints: Debugging Large Multi-Robot Systems | bib abstract | |
Michael De Rosa, Seth Copen Goldstein, Peter Lee, Jason D. Campbell, Padmanabhan Pillai, and Todd C. Mowry.
International Journal of Robotics Research,
2007.
Also appeared as Distributed Watchpoints: Debugging Large Multi-Robot Systems, icra07).
|
| hide Abstract | Distributed systems frequently exhibit properties of interest which span multiple entities. These properties cannot easily be detected from any single entity, but can be readily be detected by combining the knowledge of multiple entities. Testing for distributed properties is especially important in debugging or verifying software for modular robots. We have developed a technique we call distributed watchpoint triggers which can efficiently recognize distributed conditions. Our watchpoint description language can handle a variety of temporal, spatial, and logical properties spanning multiple robots. This paper presents the specification language, describes the distributed online mechanism for detecting distributed conditions in a running system, and evaluates the performance of our implementation. |
| | @article{mderosa-ijrr-2007,
also = {Distributed Watchpoints: Debugging Large Multi-Robot
Systems, icra07)},
abstract = {Distributed systems frequently exhibit properties of
interest which span multiple entities. These properties cannot
easily be detected from any single entity, but can be readily be
detected by combining the knowledge of multiple entities. Testing
for distributed properties is especially important in debugging
or verifying software for modular robots. We have developed a
technique we call distributed watchpoint triggers which can
efficiently recognize distributed conditions. Our watchpoint
description language can handle a variety of temporal, spatial,
and logical properties spanning multiple robots. This paper
presents the specification language, describes the distributed
online mechanism for detecting distributed conditions in a
running system, and evaluates the performance of our
implementation.},
author = {De Rosa, Michael and Goldstein, Seth Copen and Lee, Peter
and Campbell, Jason D. and Pillai, Padmanabhan and Mowry, Todd
C.},
journal = {International Journal of Robotics Research},
keywords = {Debugging, Distributed Systems},
title = {Distributed Watchpoints: Debugging Large Multi-Robot
Systems},
year = {2007}
}
|
|
Friction of Partially Embedded Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanofibers Inside Elastomers | pdf bib abstract | |
Burak Aksak, Alan Cassell, Jun Li, Meyya Meyyappan, Phillip Callen, and Metin Sitti.
Applied Physics Letters,
91,2007.
|
| hide Abstract | Vertically aligned carbon nanofibers partially embedded inside polyurethane (eVACNFs) is proposed as a robust high friction fibrillar material with a compliant backing. Carbon nanofibers with 50-150 nm in diameter and 20-30 \mum in length are vertically grown on silicon and transferred completely inside an elastomer by vacuum molding. Using time controlled and selective oxygen plasma etching, fibers are partially released up to 5 \mum length. Macroscale friction experiments show that eVACNFs exhibit reproducible effective friction coefficients up to 1. Besides high friction, the proposed fabrication method improves fiber-substrate bond strength, and enables uniform height nanofibers with a compliant backing. |
| | @article{aksak-apl07,
author = {Aksak, Burak and Cassell, Alan and Li, Jun and Meyyappan,
Meyya and Callen, Phillip and Sitti, Metin},
title = {Friction of Partially Embedded Vertically Aligned Carbon
Nanofibers Inside Elastomers},
journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
year = {2007},
volume = {91},
abstract = {Vertically aligned carbon nanofibers partially embedded
inside polyurethane (eVACNFs) is proposed as a robust high
friction fibrillar material with a compliant backing. Carbon
nanofibers with 50-150 $nm$ in diameter and 20-30 $\mu$m in
length are vertically grown on silicon and transferred completely
inside an elastomer by vacuum molding. Using time controlled and
selective oxygen plasma etching, fibers are partially released up
to 5 $\mu$m length. Macroscale friction experiments show that
eVACNFs exhibit reproducible effective friction coefficients up
to 1. Besides high friction, the proposed fabrication method
improves fiber-substrate bond strength, and enables uniform
height nanofibers with a compliant backing.},
keywords = {Nanofiber friction, compliant nanostructures, carbon
nanofibers},
originallink = {http://link.aip.org/link/?apl/91/061906},
url = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~claytronics/papers/aksak-apl07.pdf}
}
|
|
(under review) From Roles to Anatomy to Scalable Modular Self-Reconfigurable Robots | bib | |
David Johan Christensen and Jason D. Campbell.
In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems IROS '07,
2007.
|
| @inproceedings{Christensen-iros07,
author = {Christensen, David Johan and Campbell, Jason D.},
title = {From Roles to Anatomy to Scalable Modular
Self-Reconfigurable Robots},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on
Intelligent Robots and Systems {IROS '07}},
keywords = {Biologically Inspired, Actuation, Controlling
Ensembles},
year = {2007}
}
|
|
(in preperation) A Modular Robotic System Using Magnetic Force Effectors | bib abstract | |
Brian Kirby, Burak Aksak, James F. Hoburg, Todd C. Mowry, and Padmanabhan Pillai.
In In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS '07),
October, 2007.
|
| hide Abstract | One of the primary impediments to building ensembles with many modular robots is the complexity and number of mechanical mechanisms used to construct the individual modules. As part of the Claytronics project—which aims to build very large ensembles of modular robots—we investigate how to simplify each module by eliminating moving parts and reducing the number of mechanical mechanisms on each robot by using force-at-a-distance actuators. Additionally, we are also investigating the feasibility of using these unary actuators to improve docking performance, implement intermodule adhesion, power transfer, communication, and sensing. |
| | @inproceedings{bkirby-iros07,
author = {Kirby, Brian and Aksak, Burak and Hoburg, James F. and
Mowry, Todd C. and Pillai, Padmanabhan},
title = {A Modular Robotic System Using Magnetic Force Effectors},
booktitle = {In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on
Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS '07)},
year = {2007},
month = {October},
abstract = {One of the primary impediments to building ensembles
with many modular robots is the complexity and number of
mechanical mechanisms used to construct the individual modules.
As part of the Claytronics project---which aims to build very
large ensembles of modular robots---we investigate how to
simplify each module by eliminating moving parts and reducing the
number of mechanical mechanisms on each robot by using
force-at-a-distance actuators. Additionally, we are also
investigating the feasibility of using these unary actuators to
improve docking performance, implement intermodule adhesion,
power transfer, communication, and sensing.},
keywords = {Actuation, Adhesion},
url = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~claytronics/papers/bkirby-iros07.pdf}
}
|
|
(in preperation) Control Strategies and Design Guidelines for Planar Latch-less Metamorphic RobotsBased on Analysis of Dynamics | bib abstract | |
Ashish Deshpande, Siddhartha S. Srinivasa, and Padmanabhan Pillai.
In In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems IROS '07, 2007,
October, 2007.
|
| hide Abstract | Modular robotic systems with no fixed mechanical contacts are have the ability to adopt and reconfigure very rapidly, but are very difficult to control dynamically. Moving module solely with electro-magnetic or -static forces can lead to unwanted slipping or even loss of contact. This paper presents a strategy to design controller for such modules based on the limits derived by combining the contact constraints and the actuator saturation. We demonstrate the design of a simple but effective controller for two module motions. We also present guidelines for the design of the modules based on the controller limitations. |
| | @inproceedings{ashish-iros07,
author = {Deshpande, Ashish and Srinivasa, Siddhartha S. and Pillai,
Padmanabhan},
title = {Control Strategies and Design Guidelines for Planar
Latch-less Metamorphic RobotsBased on Analysis of Dynamics},
booktitle = {In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on
Intelligent Robots and Systems IROS '07, 2007},
year = {2007},
month = {October},
abstract = {Modular robotic systems with no fixed mechanical
contacts are have the ability to adopt and reconfigure very
rapidly, but are very difficult to control dynamically. Moving
module solely with electro-magnetic or -static forces can lead to
unwanted slipping or even loss of contact. This paper presents a
strategy to design controller for such modules based on the
limits derived by combining the contact constraints and the
actuator saturation. We demonstrate the design of a simple but
effective controller for two module motions. We also present
guidelines for the design of the modules based on the controller
limitations.},
keywords = {Controlling Nodes}
}
|
|
Electrostatic Latching for Inter-module Adhesion, Power Transfer, and Communication in Modular Robots | pdf bib abstract | |
Mustafa Emre Karagozler, Jason D. Campbell, Gary K. Fedder, Seth Copen Goldstein, Michael P. Weller, and Byung W. Yoon.
In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems IROS '07,
October, 2007.
See karagozler-msreport07.
|
| hide Abstract | A simple and robust inter-module latch is possibly the most important component of a modular robotic system. This paper describes a latch based on capacitive coupling which not only provides significant adhesion forces, but can also be used for inter-module power transmission and communication. The key insight that enables electrostatic adhesion to be effective at the macroscale is to combine flexible electrodes with a geometery that uses shear forces to provide adhesion. To measure the effectiveness of our latch we incorporated it into a 28cm x 28cm x 28cm modular robot. The result is a latch which requires almost zero static power and yet can hold over 0.6N/cm^2 of latch area. |
| | @inproceedings{karagozler-iros07,
author = {Karagozler, Mustafa Emre and Campbell, Jason D. and
Fedder, Gary K. and Goldstein, Seth Copen and Weller, Michael P.
and Yoon, Byung W.},
title = {Electrostatic Latching for Inter-module Adhesion, Power
Transfer, and Communication in Modular Robots},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on
Intelligent Robots and Systems IROS '07},
see = {karagozler-msreport07},
year = {2007},
month = {October},
abstract = {A simple and robust inter-module latch is possibly the
most important component of a modular robotic system. This paper
describes a latch based on capacitive coupling which not only
provides significant adhesion forces, but can also be used for
inter-module power transmission and communication. The key
insight that enables electrostatic adhesion to be effective at
the macroscale is to combine flexible electrodes with a geometery
that uses shear forces to provide adhesion. To measure the
effectiveness of our latch we incorporated it into a 28cm x 28cm
x 28cm modular robot. The result is a latch which requires almost
zero static power and yet can hold over 0.6N/cm^2 of latch
area.},
keywords = {Actuation, Adhesion},
url = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~claytronics/papers/karagozler-iros07.pdf}
}
|
|
Harnessing Capacitance for Inter-Robot Latching, Communication, and Power Transfer | pdf bib abstract | |
Mustafa Emre Karagozler.
In MSc Report, Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
May, 2007.
Also appeared as Electrostatic Latching for Inter-module Adhesion, Power Transfer, and Communication in Modular Robots in IROS '07.
|
| hide Abstract | A simple and robust inter-module latch is possibly the most important component of a modular robotic system. This report describes a latch based on capacitive coupling which not only provides significant adhesion forces, but can also be used for inter-module power transmission and communication. The key insight that enables electrostatic adhesion to be effective at the macro scale is to combine flexible electrodes with a geometry that uses shear forces to provide adhesion. To measure the effectiveness of our latch we incorporated it into a 28cm x 28cm x 28cm modular robot. The result is a latch which requires almost zero static power and yet can hold over 0.6N/cm2 of latch area. |
| | @inproceedings{karagozler-msreport07,
author = {Karagozler, Mustafa Emre},
title = {Harnessing Capacitance for Inter-Robot Latching,
Communication, and Power Transfer},
booktitle = {MSc Report, Carnegie Mellon University, Department of
Electrical and Computer Engineering},
also = {Electrostatic Latching for Inter-module Adhesion, Power
Transfer, and Communication in Modular Robots in IROS '07},
month = {May},
year = {2007},
abstract = {A simple and robust inter-module latch is possibly the
most important component of a modular robotic system. This report
describes a latch based on capacitive coupling which not only
provides significant adhesion forces, but can also be used for
inter-module power transmission and communication. The key
insight that enables electrostatic adhesion to be effective at
the macro scale is to combine flexible electrodes with a geometry
that uses shear forces to provide adhesion. To measure the
effectiveness of our latch we incorporated it into a 28cm x 28cm
x 28cm modular robot. The result is a latch which requires almost
zero static power and yet can hold over 0.6N/cm2 of latch area.},
keywords = {Actuation, Adhesion, Power Routing},
url = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~claytronics/papers/karagozler-msreport07.pdf}
}
|
|
A Programming Model for Failure-Prone, Collaborative Robots | pdf bib abstract talk | |
Nels Beckman and Jonathan Aldrich.
In Workshop on Software Development and Integration in Robotics (SDIR),
April, 2007.
|
| hide Abstract | A major problem in programming failure-prone collaborative robots is liveness. How do we ensure that the failure of one robot does not cause other robots to be permanently unavailable if, for example, that robot was a leader of others? In this paper, we propose a general mechanism which could be added to existing RPC libraries that allows applications to detect failure and execute programmer-specified recovery code. |
| | @inproceedings{beckman-sdir07,
author = {Beckman, Nels and Aldrich, Jonathan},
title = {A Programming Model for Failure-Prone, Collaborative
Robots},
booktitle = {Workshop on Software Development and Integration in
Robotics (SDIR)},
year = {2007},
month = {April},
keywords = {Programming Models},
url = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~claytronics/papers/beckman-sdir07.pdf},
abstract = {A major problem in programming failure-prone
collaborative robots is liveness. How do we ensure that the
failure of one robot does not cause other robots to be
permanently unavailable if, for example, that robot was a leader
of others? In this paper, we propose a general mechanism which
could be added to existing RPC libraries that allows applications
to detect failure and execute programmer-specified recovery
code.}
}
|
|
Distributed Watchpoints: Debugging Large Multi-Robot Systems | pdf bib abstract | |
Michael De Rosa, Seth Copen Goldstein, Peter Lee, Jason D. Campbell, Padmanabhan Pillai, and Todd C. Mowry.
In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA '07,
April, 2007.
|
| hide Abstract | Tightly-coupled multi-agent systems such as modular robots frequently exhibit properties of interest that span multiple modules. These properties cannot easily be detected from any single module, though they might readily be detected by combining the knowledge of multiple modules. Testing for distributed conditions is especially important in debugging or verifying the correctness of software for modular robots. We have developed a technique we call distributed watchpoint triggers which can efficiently recognize such distributed conditions. Our watchpoint description language can handle a variety of temporal, spatial, and logical properties spanning multiple robots. This paper presents that language, describes our fully-distributed, online mechanism for detecting distributed conditions in a running system, and evaluates the performance of our implementation. We found that the performance of the system is highly dependent on the program being debugged, scales linearly with ensemble size, and is small enough to make the system practical in all but the worst case scenarios. |
| | @inproceedings{derosa2007-icra07,
abstract = {Tightly-coupled multi-agent systems such as modular
robots frequently exhibit properties of interest that span
multiple modules. These properties cannot easily be detected from
any single module, though they might readily be detected by
combining the knowledge of multiple modules. Testing for
distributed conditions is especially important in debugging or
verifying the correctness of software for modular robots. We have
developed a technique we call distributed watchpoint triggers
which can efficiently recognize such distributed conditions. Our
watchpoint description language can handle a variety of temporal,
spatial, and logical properties spanning multiple robots. This
paper presents that language, describes our fully-distributed,
online mechanism for detecting distributed conditions in a
running system, and evaluates the performance of our
implementation. We found that the performance of the system is
highly dependent on the program being debugged, scales linearly
with ensemble size, and is small enough to make the system
practical in all but the worst case scenarios.},
author = {De Rosa, Michael and Goldstein, Seth Copen and Lee, Peter
and Campbell, Jason D. and Pillai, Padmanabhan and Mowry, Todd
C.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on
Robotics and Automation {ICRA '07}},
title = {Distributed Watchpoints: Debugging Large Multi-Robot
Systems},
year = {2007},
month = {April},
keywords = {Debugging, Distributed Algorithms},
url = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~claytronics/papers/derosa2007-icra07.pdf}
}
|
|
Integrated Debugging of Large Modular Robot Ensembles | pdf bib abstract | |
Benjamin D. Rister, Jason D. Campbell, Padmanabhan Pillai, and Todd C. Mowry.
In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA '07,
April, 2007.
|
| hide Abstract | Creatively misquoting Thomas Hobbes, the process of software debugging is nasty, brutish, and all too long. This holds all the more true in robotics, which frequently involves concurrency, extensive nondeterminisism, event-driven components, complex state machines, and difficult platform limitations. Inspired by the challenges we have encountered while attempting to debug software on simulated ensembles of tens of thousands of modular robots, we have developed a new debugging tool particularly suited to the characteristics of highly parallel, event- and state-driven robotics software. Our state capture and introspection system also provides data that may be used in higher-level debugging tools as well. We report on the design of this promising debugging system, and on our experiences with it so far. |
| | @inproceedings{rister-icra07,
author = {Rister, Benjamin D. and Campbell, Jason D. and Pillai,
Padmanabhan and Mowry, Todd C.},
title = {Integrated Debugging of Large Modular Robot Ensembles},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on
Robotics and Automation {ICRA '07}},
keywords = {Debugging, Distributed Systems},
month = {April},
abstract = {Creatively misquoting Thomas Hobbes, the process of
software debugging is nasty, brutish, and all too long. This
holds all the more true in robotics, which frequently involves
concurrency, extensive nondeterminisism, event-driven components,
complex state machines, and difficult platform limitations.
Inspired by the challenges we have encountered while attempting
to debug software on simulated ensembles of tens of thousands of
modular robots, we have developed a new debugging tool
particularly suited to the characteristics of highly parallel,
event- and state-driven robotics software. Our state capture and
introspection system also provides data that may be used in
higher-level debugging tools as well. We report on the design of
this promising debugging system, and on our experiences with it
so far.},
year = {2007},
url = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~claytronics/papers/rister-icra07.pdf}
}
|
|
Locomotion of Miniature Catom Chains: Scale Effects on Gait and Velocity | bib | |
David Johan Christensen and Jason D. Campbell.
In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA '07,
April, 2007.
|
| @inproceedings{Christensen-icra07,
author = {Christensen, David Johan and Campbell, Jason D.},
title = {Locomotion of Miniature Catom Chains: Scale Effects on Gait
and Velocity},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on
Robotics and Automation {ICRA '07}},
month = {April},
keywords = {Biologically Inspired, Actuation, Controlling
Ensembles},
year = {2007}
}
|
|
Adhesion Behavior of Vertical and Aligned Polymer Microfibers | pdf bib | |
M.P. Murphy, Burak Aksak, and Metin Sitti.
In Proceedings of Adhesion Society Symposium,
February, 2007.
|
| @inproceedings{aksak-pass07,
author = {Murphy, M.P. and Aksak, Burak and Sitti, Metin},
title = {Adhesion Behavior of Vertical and Aligned Polymer
Microfibers},
booktitle = {Proceedings of Adhesion Society Symposium},
year = {2007},
month = {February},
url = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~claytronics/papers/aksak-pass07.pdf}
}
|
|
Adhesion of Biologically Inspired Vertical and Angled Polymer Microfiber Arrays | pdf bib abstract | |
Burak Aksak, M.P. Murphy, and Metin Sitti.
Langmuir,
23(6):3322–32,February, 2007.
|
| hide Abstract | This paper proposes an approximate adhesion model for fibrillar adhesives for developing a fibrillar adhesive design methodology and compares numerical simulation adhesion results with macroscale adhesion data from polymer microfiber array experiments. A technique for fabricating microfibers with a controlled angle is described for the first time. Polyurethane microfibers with different hardnesses, angles, and aspect ratios are fabricated using optical lithography and polymer micromolding techniques and tested with a custom tensile adhesion measurement setup. Macroscale adhesion and overall work of adhesion of the microfiber arrays are measured and compared with the models to observe the effect of fiber geometry and preload. The adhesion strength and work of adhesion behavior of short and long vertical and long angled fiber arrays have similar trends with the numerical simulations. A scheme is also proposed to aid in optimized fiber adhesive design. |
| | @article{aksak-langmuir2007,
author = {Aksak, Burak and Murphy, M.P. and Sitti, Metin},
title = {Adhesion of Biologically Inspired Vertical and Angled
Polymer Microfiber Arrays},
journal = {Langmuir},
year = {2007},
month = {February},
volume = {23},
pages = {3322--32},
number = {6},
issn = {0743-7463},
keywords = {Adhesion, Biologically Inspired},
abstract = {This paper proposes an approximate adhesion model for
fibrillar adhesives for developing a fibrillar adhesive design
methodology and compares numerical simulation adhesion results
with macroscale adhesion data from polymer microfiber array
experiments. A technique for fabricating microfibers with a
controlled angle is described for the first time. Polyurethane
microfibers with different hardnesses, angles, and aspect ratios
are fabricated using optical lithography and polymer micromolding
techniques and tested with a custom tensile adhesion measurement
setup. Macroscale adhesion and overall work of adhesion of the
microfiber arrays are measured and compared with the models to
observe the effect of fiber geometry and preload. The adhesion
strength and work of adhesion behavior of short and long vertical
and long angled fiber arrays have similar trends with the
numerical simulations. A scheme is also proposed to aid in
optimized fiber adhesive design.},
url = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~claytronics/papers/aksak-langmuir2007.pdf}
}
|
2006 |
Distributed Inference in Dynamical Systems | pdf bib abstract | |
Stanislav Funiak, Carlos Guestrin, Mark Paskin, and Rahul Sukthankar.
In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 19,
pages 433–440, December, 2006.
|
| hide Abstract | We present a robust distributed algorithm for approximate probabilistic inference in dynamical systems, such as sensor networks and teams of mobile robots. Using assumed density filtering, the network nodes maintain a tractable representation of the belief state in a distributed fashion. At each time step, the nodes coordinate to condition this distribution on the observations made throughout the network, and to advance this estimate to the next time step. In addition, we identify a significant challenge for probabilistic inference in dynamical systems: message losses or network partitions can cause nodes to have inconsistent beliefs about the current state of the system. We address this problem by developing distributed algorithms that guarantee that nodes will reach an informative consistent distribution when communication is re-established. We present a suite of experimental results on real-world sensor data for two real sensor network deployments: one with 25 cameras and another with 54 temperature sensors. |
| | @inproceedings{funiak-nips06,
title = {Distributed Inference in Dynamical Systems},
author = {Funiak, Stanislav and Guestrin, Carlos and Paskin, Mark
and Sukthankar, Rahul},
booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 19},
editor = {B. Scholkopf and J. Platt and T. Hoffman},
publisher = {MIT Press},
address = {Cambridge, MA},
pages = {433--440},
year = {2006},
month = {December},
url = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~claytronics/papers/funiak-nips06.pdf},
keywords = {Probabilistic Inference, Sensing, Distributed
Algorithms, Graphical Models},
abstract = {We present a robust distributed algorithm for
approximate probabilistic inference in dynamical systems, such as
sensor networks and teams of mobile robots. Using assumed density
filtering, the network nodes maintain a tractable representation
of the belief state in a distributed fashion. At each time step,
the nodes coordinate to condition this distribution on the
observations made throughout the network, and to advance this
estimate to the next time step. In addition, we identify a
significant challenge for probabilistic inference in dynamical
systems: message losses or network partitions can cause nodes to
have inconsistent beliefs about the current state of the system.
We address this problem by developing distributed algorithms that
guarantee that nodes will reach an informative consistent
distribution when communication is re-established. We present a
suite of experimental results on real-world sensor data for two
real sensor network deployments: one with 25 cameras and another
with 54 temperature sensors.}
}
|
|
A 3D Fax Machine based on Claytronics | pdf bib abstract | |
Padmanabhan Pillai, Jason D. Campbell, Gautam Kedia, Shishir Moudgal, and Kaushik Sheth.
In 2006 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS),
October, 2006.
|
| hide Abstract | This paper presents a novel application of modular robotic technology. Many researchers expect manufacturing technology will allow robot modules to be built at smaller and smaller scales, but movement and actuation are increasingly difficult as dimensions shrink. We describe an application — a 3D fax machine — which exploits inter-module communication and computation without requiring self-reconfiguration. As a result, this application may be feasible sooner than applications which depend upon modules being able to move themselves. In our new approach to 3D faxing, a large number of sub-millimeter robot modules form an intelligent “clay” which can be reshaped via the external application of mechanical forces. This clay can act as a novel input device, using intermodule localization techniques to acquire the shape of a 3D object by casting. We describe software for such digital clay. We also describe how, when equipped with simple inter-module latches, such clay can be used as a 3D output device. Finally, we evaluate results from simulations which test how well our approach can replicate particular objects. |
| | @inproceedings{pillai-iros06,
author = {Pillai, Padmanabhan and Campbell, Jason D. and Kedia,
Gautam and Moudgal, Shishir and Sheth, Kaushik},
title = {A 3D Fax Machine based on Claytronics},
booktitle = {2006 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent
Robots and Systems (IROS)},
month = {October},
year = {2006},
keywords = {Applications of Claytronics},
url = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~claytronics/papers/pillai-iros06.pdf},
abstract = {This paper presents a novel application of modular
robotic technology. Many researchers expect manufacturing
technology will allow robot modules to be built at smaller and
smaller scales, but movement and actuation are increasingly
difficult as dimensions shrink. We describe an application --- a
3D fax machine --- which exploits inter-module communication and
computation without requiring self-reconfiguration. As a result,
this application may be feasible sooner than applications which
depend upon modules being able to move themselves. In our new
approach to 3D faxing, a large number of sub-millimeter robot
modules form an intelligent ``clay'' which can be reshaped via
the external application of mechanical forces. This clay can act
as a novel input device, using intermodule localization
techniques to acquire the shape of a 3D object by casting. We
describe software for such digital clay. We also describe how,
when equipped with simple inter-module latches, such clay can be
used as a 3D output device. Finally, we evaluate results from
simulations which test how well our approach can replicate
particular objects.}
}
|
|
Demo Abstract: Sensing and Reproducing the Shapes of 3D Objects Using Claytronics | bib | |
Padmanabhan Pillai and Jason D. Campbell.
In Proceedings of the 4rd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems (SenSys),
October, 2006.
|
| @inproceedings{aksak-sensys06,
author = {Pillai, Padmanabhan and Campbell, Jason D.},
title = {Demo Abstract: Sensing and Reproducing the Shapes of 3D
Objects Using Claytronics},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4rd international conference on
Embedded networked sensor systems (SenSys)},
year = {2006},
month = {October},
keywords = {Demos}
}
|
|
Hierarchical Motion Planning for Self-reconfigurable Modular Robots | pdf bib abstract | |
Preethi Srinivas Bhat, James Kuffner, Seth Copen Goldstein, and Siddhartha S. Srinivasa.
In 2006 IEEE/RSJ International Confernce on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS),
October, 2006.
|
| hide Abstract | Motion planning for a self-reconfigurable robot involves coordinating the movement and connectivity of each of its homogeneous modules. Reconfiguration occurs when the shape of the robot changes from some initial configuration to a target configuration. Finding an optimal solution to reconfiguration problems involves searching the space of possible robot configurations. As this space grows exponentially with the number of modules, optimal planning becomes intractable. We propose a hierarchical planning approach that computes heuristic global reconfiguration strategies efficiently. Our approach consists of a base planner that computes an optimal solution for a few modules and a hierarchical planner that calls this base planner or reuses pre-computed plans at each level of the hierarchy to ultimately compute a global suboptimal solution. We present results from a prototype implementation of the method that efficiently plans for self-reconfigurable robots with several thousand modules.We also discuss tradeoffs and performance issues including scalability, heuristics and plan optimality. |
| | @inproceedings{bhat06,
author = {Bhat, Preethi Srinivas and Kuffner, James and Goldstein,
Seth Copen and Srinivasa, Siddhartha S.},
title = {Hierarchical Motion Planning for Self-reconfigurable
Modular Robots},
booktitle = {2006 IEEE/RSJ International Confernce on Intelligent
Robots and Systems (IROS)},
year = {2006},
month = {October},
keywords = {Planning, Controlling Ensembles, Hierarchical
Algorithms},
url = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~claytronics/papers/bhat06.pdf},
abstract = {Motion planning for a self-reconfigurable robot involves
coordinating the movement and connectivity of each of its
homogeneous modules. Reconfiguration occurs when the shape of the
robot changes from some initial configuration to a target
configuration. Finding an optimal solution to reconfiguration
problems involves searching the space of possible robot
configurations. As this space grows exponentially with the number
of modules, optimal planning becomes intractable. We propose a
hierarchical planning approach that computes heuristic global
reconfiguration strategies efficiently. Our approach consists of
a base planner that computes an optimal solution for a few
modules and a hierarchical planner that calls this base planner
or reuses pre-computed plans at each level of the hierarchy to
ultimately compute a global suboptimal solution. We present
results from a prototype implementation of the method that
efficiently plans for self-reconfigurable robots with several
thousand modules.We also discuss tradeoffs and performance issues
including scalability, heuristics and plan optimality.}
}
|
|
Collective Actuation | pdf bib abstract | |
Jason D. Campbell and Padmanabhan Pillai.
In RSS 2006 Workshop on Self-Reconfigurable Modular Robots,
August, 2006.
|
| | | |
|
Distributed Watchpoints: Debugging Very Large Ensembles of Robots | pdf bib abstract talk | |
Michael De Rosa, Seth Copen Goldstein, Peter Lee, Jason D. Campbell, and Padmanabhan Pillai.
In Robotics: Science and Systems Workshop on Self-Reconfigurable Modular Robots,
August, 2006.
See derosa2007-icra07.
|
| | | |
|
Scalable Shape Sculpting via Hole Motion: Motion Planning in Lattice-Constrained Module Robots | pdf bib abstract | |
Michael De Rosa, Seth Copen Goldstein, Peter Lee, Jason D. Campbell, and Padmanabhan Pillai.
In Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA '06),
May, 2006.
|
| hide Abstract | We describe a novel shape formation algorithm for ensembles of 2-dimensional lattice-arrayed modular robots, based on the manipulation of regularly shaped voids within the lattice (“holes”). The algorithm is massively parallel and fully distributed. Constructing a goal shape requires time proportional only to the complexity of the desired target geometry. Construction of the shape by the modules requires no global communication nor broadcast floods after distribution of the target shape. Results in simulation show 97.3% shape compliance in ensembles of approximately 60,000 modules, and we believe that the algorithm will generalize to 3D and scale to handle millions of modules. |
| | @inproceedings{derosa-icra06,
author = {De Rosa, Michael and Goldstein, Seth Copen and Lee, Peter
and Campbell, Jason D. and Pillai, Padmanabhan},
title = {Scalable Shape Sculpting via Hole Motion: Motion Planning
in Lattice-Constrained Module Robots},
month = {May},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2006 {IEEE} International Conference
on Robotics and Automation (ICRA '06)},
year = {2006},
keywords = {Planning, Controlling Ensembles, Stochastic Algorithms},
url = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~claytronics/papers/derosa-icra06.pdf},
abstract = {We describe a novel shape formation algorithm for
ensembles of 2-dimensional lattice-arrayed modular robots, based
on the manipulation of regularly shaped voids within the lattice
(``holes''). The algorithm is massively parallel and fully
distributed. Constructing a goal shape requires time proportional
only to the complexity of the desired target geometry.
Construction of the shape by the modules requires no global
communication nor broadcast floods after distribution of the
target shape. Results in simulation show 97.3\% shape compliance
in ensembles of approximately 60,000 modules, and we believe that
the algorithm will generalize to 3D and scale to handle millions
of modules.}
}
|
|
Ultralight Modular Robotic Building blocks for the Rapid Deployment of Planetary Outposts | pdf bib | |
Mustafa Emre Karagozler, Brian Kirby, W.J. Lee, Eugene Marinelli, T.C. Ng, Michael P. Weller, and Seth Copen Goldstein.
In Revolutionary Aerospace Systems Concepts Academic Linkage (RASC-AL) Forum 2006,
May, 2006.
|
| @inproceedings{karagozler-rascal06,
title = {Ultralight Modular Robotic Building blocks for the Rapid
Deployment of Planetary Outposts},
booktitle = {Revolutionary Aerospace Systems Concepts Academic
Linkage (RASC-AL) Forum 2006},
author = {Karagozler, Mustafa Emre and Kirby, Brian and Lee, W.J.
and Marinelli, Eugene and Ng, T.C. and Weller, Michael P. and
Goldstein, Seth Copen},
year = {2006},
month = {May},
address = {Cape Canaveral, FL},
url = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~claytronics/papers/karagozler-rascal06.pdf},
keywords = {Applications of Claytronics, Robotics}
}
|
|
Distributed Localization of Networked Cameras | pdf bib abstract | |
Stanislav Funiak, Carlos Guestrin, Rahul Sukthankar, and Mark Paskin.
In Fifth International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN'06),
pages 34–42, April, 2006.
|
| hide Abstract | Camera networks are perhaps the most common type of sensor network and are deployed in a variety of real-world applications including surveillance, intelligent environments and scientific remote monitoring. A key problem in deploying a network of cameras is calibration, i.e., determining the location and orientation of each sensor so that observations in an image can be mapped to locations in the real world. This paper proposes a fully distributed approach for camera network calibration. The cameras collaborate to track an object that moves through the environment and reason probabilistically about which camera poses are consistent with the observed images. This reasoning employs sophisticated techniques for handling the difficult nonlinearities imposed by projective transformations, as well as the dense correlations that arise between distant cameras. Our method requires minimal overlap of the cameras’ fields of view and makes very few assumptions about the motion of the object. In contrast to existing approaches, which are centralized, our distributed algorithm scales easily to very large camera networks. We evaluate the system on a real camera network with 25 nodes as well as simulated camera networks of up to 50 cameras and demonstrate that our approach performs well even when communication is lossy. |
| | @inproceedings{funiak-ipsn06,
author = {Funiak, Stanislav and Guestrin, Carlos and Sukthankar,
Rahul and Paskin, Mark},
title = {Distributed Localization of Networked Cameras},
booktitle = {Fifth International Conference on Information
Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN'06)},
month = {April},
pages = {34--42},
year = {2006},
keywords = {Probabilistic Inference, Sensing, Distributed
Algorithms, Graphical Models, Localization},
url = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~claytronics/papers/funiak-ipsn06.pdf},
abstract = {Camera networks are perhaps the most common type of
sensor network and are deployed in a variety of real-world
applications including surveillance, intelligent environments and
scientific remote monitoring. A key problem in deploying a
network of cameras is calibration, i.e., determining the location
and orientation of each sensor so that observations in an image
can be mapped to locations in the real world. This paper proposes
a fully distributed approach for camera network calibration. The
cameras collaborate to track an object that moves through the
environment and reason probabilistically about which camera poses
are consistent with the observed images. This reasoning employs
sophisticated techniques for handling the difficult
nonlinearities imposed by projective transformations, as well as
the dense correlations that arise between distant cameras. Our
method requires minimal overlap of the cameras' fields of view
and makes very few assumptions about the motion of the object. In
contrast to existing approaches, which are centralized, our
distributed algorithm scales easily to very large camera
networks. We evaluate the system on a real camera network with 25
nodes as well as simulated camera networks of up to 50 cameras
and demonstrate that our approach performs well even when
communication is lossy.}
}
|
2005 |
Demo Abstract: Claytronics---highly scalable communications, sensing, and actuation networks. | pdf bib abstract | |
Burak Aksak, Preethi Srinivas Bhat, Jason D. Campbell, Michael De Rosa, Stanislav Funiak, Phillip B. Gibbons, Seth Copen Goldstein, Carlos Guestrin, Ashish Gupta, Casey Helfrich, James F. Hoburg, Brian Kirby, James Kuffner, Peter Lee, Todd C. Mowry, Padmanabhan Pillai, Ram Ravichandran, Benjamin D. Rister, Srinivasan Seshan, Metin Sitti, and Haifeng Yu.
In Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems (SenSys),
pages 299, 2005.
|
| hide Abstract | We propose a demonstration of extremely scalable modular robotics algorithms developed as part of the Claytronics Project (http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~claytronics/), as well as a demonstration of proof-of-concept prototypes. Our effort envisions multi-million-module robot ensembles able to morph into three-dimensional scenes, eventually with sufficient fidelity so as to convince a human observer the scenes are real. Although this work is potentially revolutionary in the sense that it holds out the possibility of radically altering the relationship between computation, humans, and the physical world, many of the research questions involved are similar in flavor to more mainstream systems research, albeit larger in scale. For instance, as in sensor networks, each robot will incorporate sensing, computation, and communications components. However, unlike most sensor networks each robot will also include mechanisms for actuation and motion. Many of the key challenges in this project involve coordination and communication of sensing and actuation across such large ensembles of independent units. |
| | @inproceedings{aksak-sensys05,
author = {Aksak, Burak and Bhat, Preethi Srinivas and Campbell,
Jason D. and De Rosa, Michael and Funiak, Stanislav and Gibbons,
Phillip B. and Goldstein, Seth Copen and Guestrin, Carlos and
Gupta, Ashish and Helfrich, Casey and Hoburg, James F. and Kirby,
Brian and Kuffner, James and Lee, Peter and Mowry, Todd C. and
Pillai, Padmanabhan and Ravichandran, Ram and Rister, Benjamin D.
and Seshan, Srinivasan and Sitti, Metin and Yu, Haifeng},
title = {Demo Abstract: Claytronics---highly scalable
communications, sensing, and actuation networks.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on
Embedded networked sensor systems (SenSys)},
year = {2005},
pages = {299},
url = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~claytronics/papers/aksak-sensys05.pdf},
doi = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1098918.1098964},
keywords = {Demos},
abstract = {We propose a demonstration of extremely scalable modular
robotics algorithms developed as part of the Claytronics Project
(http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~claytronics/), as well as a
demonstration of proof-of-concept prototypes. Our effort
envisions multi-million-module robot ensembles able to morph into
three-dimensional scenes, eventually with sufficient fidelity so
as to convince a human observer the scenes are real. Although
this work is potentially revolutionary in the sense that it holds
out the possibility of radically altering the relationship
between computation, humans, and the physical world, many of the
research questions involved are similar in flavor to more
mainstream systems research, albeit larger in scale. For
instance, as in sensor networks, each robot will incorporate
sensing, computation, and communications components. However,
unlike most sensor networks each robot will also include
mechanisms for actuation and motion. Many of the key challenges
in this project involve coordination and communication of sensing
and actuation across such large ensembles of independent units.}
}
|
|
The Ensemble Principle | pdf bib | |
Seth Copen Goldstein, Todd C. Mowry, Jason D. Campbell, Peter Lee, Padmanabhan Pillai, James F. Hoburg, Phillip B. Gibbons, Carlos Guestrin, James Kuffner, Brian Kirby, Benjamin D. Rister, Michael De Rosa, Stanislav Funiak, Burak Aksak, and Rahul Sukthankar.
In 13th Foresight Conference of Advanced Nanotechnogy,
October, 2005.
|
| @inproceedings{goldstein05,
author = {Goldstein, Seth Copen and Mowry, Todd C. and Campbell,
Jason D. and Lee, Peter and Pillai, Padmanabhan and Hoburg, James
F. and Gibbons, Phillip B. and Guestrin, Carlos and Kuffner,
James and Kirby, Brian and Rister, Benjamin D. and De Rosa,
Michael and Funiak, Stanislav and Aksak, Burak and Sukthankar,
Rahul},
title = {The Ensemble Principle},
booktitle = {13th Foresight Conference of Advanced Nanotechnogy},
url = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~claytronics/papers/goldstein05.pdf},
year = {2005},
month = {October},
address = {San Francisco, CA},
keywords = {Ensemble Principle}
}
|
|
The Robot is the Tether: Active, Adaptive Power Routing for Modular Robots With Unary Inter-robot Connectors | pdf bib | |
Jason D. Campbell, Padmanabhan Pillai, and Seth Copen Goldstein.
In IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2005),
pages 4108–15, August, 2005.
|
| @inproceedings{campbell05,
author = {Campbell, Jason D. and Pillai, Padmanabhan and Goldstein,
Seth Copen},
title = {The Robot is the Tether: Active, Adaptive Power Routing for
Modular Robots With Unary Inter-robot Connectors},
booktitle = {IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots
and Systems (IROS 2005)},
pages = {4108--15},
year = {2005},
address = {Edmonton, Alberta Canada},
month = {August},
keywords = {Power Routing},
url = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~claytronics/papers/campbell05.pdf}
}
|
|
Catoms: Moving Robots Without Moving Parts | pdf bib abstract | |
Brian Kirby, Jason D. Campbell, Burak Aksak, Padmanabhan Pillai, James F. Hoburg, Todd C. Mowry, and Seth Copen Goldstein.
In AAAI (Robot Exhibition),
pages 1730–1, July, 2005.
|
| hide Abstract | We demonstrate modular robot prototypes developed as part of the Claytronics Project (Goldstein et al. 2005). Among the novel features of these robots (“catoms”) is their ability to reconfigure (move) relative to one another without moving parts. The absence of moving parts is central to one key aim of our work, namely, plausible manufacturability at smaller and smaller physical scales using high-volume, low-unit-cost techniques such as batch photolithography, multi-material submicron 3D lithographic processing, and self assembly. Claytronics envisions multi-million-module robot ensembles able to form into three dimensional scenes, eventually with sufficient fidelity so as to convince a human observer the scenes are real. This work presents substantial challenges in mechanical and electronic design, control, programming, reliability, power delivery, and motion planning (among other areas), and holds the promise of radically altering the relationship between computation, humans, and the physical world. |
| | @inproceedings{kirby05,
author = {Kirby, Brian and Campbell, Jason D. and Aksak, Burak and
Pillai, Padmanabhan and Hoburg, James F. and Mowry, Todd C. and
Goldstein, Seth Copen},
title = {Catoms: Moving Robots Without Moving Parts},
url = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~claytronics/papers/kirby05.pdf},
booktitle = {AAAI (Robot Exhibition)},
pages = {1730--1},
year = {2005},
month = {July},
address = {Pittsburgh, PA},
keywords = {Ensemble Principle},
abstract = {We demonstrate modular robot prototypes developed as
part of the Claytronics Project (Goldstein et al. 2005). Among
the novel features of these robots (“catoms”) is their ability to
reconfigure (move) relative to one another without moving parts.
The absence of moving parts is central to one key aim of our
work, namely, plausible manufacturability at smaller and smaller
physical scales using high-volume, low-unit-cost techniques such
as batch photolithography, multi-material submicron 3D
lithographic processing, and self assembly. Claytronics envisions
multi-million-module robot ensembles able to form into three
dimensional scenes, eventually with sufficient fidelity so as to
convince a human observer the scenes are real. This work presents
substantial challenges in mechanical and electronic design,
control, programming, reliability, power delivery, and motion
planning (among other areas), and holds the promise of radically
altering the relationship between computation, humans, and the
physical world.}
}
|
|
Programmable Matter | pdf bib | |
Seth Copen Goldstein, Jason D. Campbell, and Todd C. Mowry.
IEEE Computer,
38(6):99–101,June, 2005.
|
| @article{goldstein-computer05,
author = {Goldstein, Seth Copen and Campbell, Jason D. and Mowry,
Todd C.},
title = {Programmable Matter},
journal = {IEEE Computer},
volume = {38},
number = {6},
pages = {99--101},
year = {2005},
month = {June},
keywords = {Claytronics Overview},
url = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~claytronics/papers/goldstein-computer05.pdf}
}
|
|
2029 The 3-D Fax Machine Brings Back the House Call | pdf bib | |
Seth Copen Goldstein.
In Headline from the Future, Popular Science Magazine,
pages 34, March, 2005.
|
| @misc{goldstein-popsci05,
title = {2029 The 3-D Fax Machine Brings Back the House Call},
howpublished = {Headline from the Future, Popular Science Magazine},
author = {Goldstein, Seth Copen},
year = {2005},
url = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~claytronics/papers/goldstein-popsci05.pdf},
month = {March},
pages = {34},
keywords = {Applications of Claytronics}
}
|
2004 |
Localization Techniques for Synthetic Reality | bib | |
Greg Reshko.
Master's Thesis, Carnegie Mellon University,
2004.
|
| @mastersthesis{reshko04,
author = {Reshko, Greg},
title = {Localization Techniques for Synthetic Reality},
school = {Carnegie Mellon University},
keywords = {Localization},
year = {2004}
}
|
|
Claytronics: A scalable basis for future robots | pdf bib | |
Seth Copen Goldstein and Todd C. Mowry.
In RoboSphere 2004,
November, 2004.
|
| @inproceedings{goldstein-robosphere04,
author = {Goldstein, Seth Copen and Mowry, Todd C.},
title = {Claytronics: A scalable basis for future robots},
booktitle = {RoboSphere 2004},
address = {Moffett Field, CA},
month = {November},
year = {2004},
keywords = {Robotics},
url = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~claytronics/papers/goldstein-robosphere04.pdf}
}
|
|
Claytronics: An Instance of Programmable Matter | pdf bib abstract | |
Seth Copen Goldstein and Todd C. Mowry.
In Wild and Crazy Ideas Session of ASPLOS,
October, 2004.
|
| hide Abstract | Programmable matter refers to a technology that will allow one to control and manipulate three-dimensional physical artifacts (similar to how we already control and manipulate two-dimensional images with computer graphics). In other words, programmable matter will allow us to take a (big) step beyond virtual reality, to synthetic reality, an environment in which all the objects in a user’s environment (including the ones inserted by the computer) are physically realized. Note that the idea is not to transport objects nor is it to recreate an objects chemical composition, but rather to create a physical artifact that will mimic the shape, movement, visual appearance, sound, and tactile qualities of the original object. |
| | @inproceedings{goldstein-waci04,
author = {Goldstein, Seth Copen and Mowry, Todd C.},
title = {Claytronics: An Instance of Programmable Matter},
booktitle = {Wild and Crazy Ideas Session of ASPLOS},
year = {2004},
month = {October},
address = {Boston, MA},
abstract = {Programmable matter refers to a technology that will
allow one to control and manipulate three-dimensional physical
artifacts (similar to how we already control and manipulate
two-dimensional images with computer graphics). In other words,
programmable matter will allow us to take a (big) step beyond
virtual reality, to synthetic reality, an environment in which
all the objects in a user's environment (including the ones
inserted by the computer) are physically realized. Note that the
idea is not to transport objects nor is it to recreate an objects
chemical composition, but rather to create a physical artifact
that will mimic the shape, movement, visual appearance, sound,
and tactile qualities of the original object.},
keywords = {Claytronics Overview},
url = {http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~claytronics/papers/goldstein-waci04.pdf}
}
|
|