Review Sessions for AP World History

Mr. Murphy/ Mrs. Lee

If you plan on coming to the review sessions, please have the sections filled out ahead of time to the best of your ability.  This will save you time and make it worth your while!  Come with questions!

Wed., 5/1    6:30 AM    Room 29    "Foundations"
Thurs., 5/2  5:30 PM    Room 29    "1000-1450"
Mon., 5/6    6:30 AM    Room 29    "1450-1750"
Tues., 5/7    5:30 PM    Room 29    "1750-1914"
Thurs., 5/9   6:30 AM    Room 29    "1914-present"

(If you can't make it to a particular review session, you can always make an appointment with us.)

---

Review Packet for Advanced Placement World History

(Material and information taken from the AP World History Course Description available from the College Board website.)

2. Basic characteristics of economic structures

 

Definition	demographic characteristics	technological patterns	main locations
Agricultural societies
Pastoral societies
Foraging societies

A.  Movements of peoples (Huns, Germans, Arabs)

B. Compare causes for collapse of empires (review Conrad-Demarest model), including role of nomads	Results of collapse
Han Dynasty	period of disunity; rise of Buddhism; continuation of Confucian bureaucratic model; Sui and then Tang dynasty
Roman Empire	rise of Christianity; creation of Byzantine empire; feudalism in Latin West; rise of Arab caliphates

4. Key cultural and social systems

Major world belief systems prior to 1000 (began in approximately which era? Original location?)	Basic features, including gender roles	Major Areas of Spread up to 1000;Missionary outreach (Buddhist, Christian, and Islamic)
Polytheism
Confucianism
Daoism
Hellenism
Hinduism
Buddhism
Judaism
Christianity
Islam

Major developments in the arts and sciences by 1000: writing systems,  Southernization, Greek approach to science, including Aristotle, and Arab extension of Greek and Indian science and math; Greek sculpture and its adaptation in India and Central Asia; East Asian emphasis on calligraphy, painting, poetry, printing, and pottery; African development of metal and wood sculpture as well as polyrhythmic music and dance rituals; Egyptian and Mayan pyramids; Byzantine icon painting and mosaic; Buddhist cave paintings.
 

Compare key social structures as they developed by 1000	Basic characteristics of social structures as they developed by 1000, including role of women
The caste system in Indian subcontinent
The nature and location of major slave systems
Confucian social hierarchy
Patriarchal family structures and trends
Pastoral groups and other non-urban societies  (some Bantu)

5. Principal international connections that had developed between 700 and 1000;  Know the location of the major trade routes by 1000 C.E.

Compare development of political systems, trade systems, and migrations in major early civilizations	Major similarities and major differences
Compare Indian compared with Chinese political traditions and institutions
Compare Arab caliphate with Roman Empire
Compare The role of nomadic groups in Central Asia with  The impact of Bantu migrations in Africa
Compare trans-Saharan trading system with the Silk Road trading system
Compare leading international trading patterns (Middle Eastern, Chinese, East European, trans-Saharan)

6. Diverse interpretations
What are the issues involved in using “civilization” (definition of civilization:  economic/agricultural surplus, greater social stratification, greater labor specialization) as an organizing principle in world history?

What is the most common source of change: connection or diffusion versus independent invention?
 
 

2. Interregional networks {MAPS}
Development and shifts in an interregional network of trade (Indian Ocean, Trans-Sahara), technology, cultural exchange, and communication

3. Nature of philosophy and knowledge

Major Characteristics	Connections with later developments
Confucian, Daoist, Buddhist, Hindu ethics and political theory
Hindu/Indian mathematics, astronomy, medicine
Arabic (Muslim and Jewish) extensions of Greek science and Indian mathematics, astronomy, medicine
Latin West scholasticism

4.China's internal and external expansion

China’s internal expansion	China’s external expansion
The importance of the Song economic revolution:  image of water wheel; paper money; mass production of tea, porcelain, silk; Champa rice	Song navy (use of compass) with ocean-going vessels helped expand trade (abacus and movable type)
Chinese influence on Japan	Limits of Chinese influence on Japan
Heian rulers copied Tang government, architecture, allowed Chinese versions of Buddhism, Song Neo-Confucianism; geishas	but no footbinding; then feudalism in Japanese islands as military government (shogun, daimyo, samurai) overpowered aristocracy and emperor

5. The Islamic world

Dar al Islam	Major Characteristics:  Changes and Continuities with previous and later periods
The role of Islam as a unifying cultural force in Eurasia and Africa; Islamic impact on the Sudanic kingdoms and East Africa; the Delhi Sultanate (importance of Indian Ocean trade networks); gender roles
The impact of migrations and religious reform movements in expanding Islamic society
The impact of Islam on the arts and sciences

6. Changes in Christianity

Changes in Christianity	Major Characteristics:  Changes and Continuities with previous periods
Restructuring of European society, including the growth of central monarchies in the west; impact on manoralism and gender roles
Role of Arab thought in the twelfth-century “Renaissance” in the west
The division of Christendom into Eastern and Western Christian cultures (schism:  papacy and patriarchs)

7.Non-Islamic Africa

Non-Islamic Africa	Political, Economic, and Social Characteristics, including gender roles
Great Zimbabwe

8. Demographic and environmental changes

migrations in Afro-Eurasia, 1000 - 1450	Cause of Migration	Impact of  migrations on Afro-Eurasia	Consequences of plague pandemics in the fourteenth century
Migration of agricultural European peoples to east/central Europe
the nomadic Arabs
the nomadic Mongols
the nomadic Turks

9. Compare Amerindian civilizations

Amerindian civilizations	Key Characteristics, including gender roles
Toltec and Maya
Aztec
Inca

10. Diverse interpretations
What are the issues involved in using cultural areas rather than states as units of analysis?

What are the sources of change: nomadic migrations versus urban growth?

Was there a world economic network in this period, and how does it compare with the world economic system that emerges in the next period?

Students Should be Prepared to Compare the Following:
 

Name of feudal system	Key Characteristics, including gender roles
Latin West (Europe)
Tokugawa (Japan)

Compare political systems	Key Characteristics
Crusader states  Prince Henry the Navigator  Italian city states
Ghana  Mali  Songhai  Kongo

Cities	economic, social, cultural, and political role
Guangzhou (Canton)
Samarkand
Timbuktu
Cairo
Venice

1. Questions of periodization
Continuities and breaks, causes of changes from the previous period and within this period (Columbian voyages, Reformation, Neo-Confucianism, Ottoman conquest of Constantinople; Siege of Vienna, 1688–89)

2. Change in global interactions, trade, and technology

3. Knowledge of Major Empires and other political units and social systems

major empires and other political units and social systems (absolutism)	Territorial and commercial aspects	gender systems at the elite level, alliances, women and households in politics
Aztec
Ottoman		harem
Inca
Ming
Qing (Manchu)
Portugal
Spain
Russia
France
England
Mongol
Tokugawa
Mughal
Kongo
Benin
Oyo
Songhai

Slave Systems:  Coercive or Forced Labor	Location and Characteristics
slave trade
plantation slavery
Mamluks/Janissaries
serfs

4.Demographic and environmental changes

Demographic and environmental changes
diseases
animals
new crops
comparative population trends

5.Cultural and intellectual developments

Cultural and intellectual developments	Major Characteristics and connections to other developments
Scientific Revolution
The Enlightenment
Comparative global causes and impacts of cultural change
Neoconfucianism
Major developments and exchanges in the arts (e.g., Mughal)

6. Diverse interpretations
What are the debates about the timing and extent of European predominance in the world economy?

Students Should be Prepared to Compare the Following:

 

Name of Political System	Results of Interaction with European Empires aka "The West"
Ottoman Empire
Qing Empire
Tokugawa Japan
Mughal India

1. Questions of periodization
Continuities and breaks, causes of changes from the previous period and within this period:  Industrial Revolution and Colonialism expansion

2. Industrial Revolution (transformative effects on and differential timing in different societies; mutual relation of industrial and scientific developments; commonalities)
 

When Industrial Revolution Began in Countries Which Dominated Global Markets?	Changes in global commerce, communications, and technology Changes in patterns of world trade, including effect of demographic increase on consumerism and migration	Changes in social and gender structure, including emancipation of slaves of serfs and tension between work patterns and ideas about gender -- e.g. Women’s emancipation movements)
Great Britain	Opium Wars, Boxer Rebellion
United States of America	Admiral Perry
France	Vietnam
Japan	Meiji Restoration
Germany
Russia

 

When De-Industrialization Began	Changes in global commerce, communications, and technology Changes in patterns of world trade	Changes in social and gender structure
India	increase in Indian indentured labor in East and South Africa
Egypt	Muhammad Ali and Suez Canal

3. Demographic and environmental changes

Demographic and environmental changes	Where, When, Why?
migrations
end of the Atlantic slave trade
new birthrate patterns
food supply

4.  Changes in social and gender structure (use charts above to summarize):

5. Political revolutions and independence movements; new political ideas
 

Political revolutions and independence movements	Results of Political revolutions and independence movements, including Rise of nationalism, nation-states, and movements of political reform and Overlaps between nations and empires Rise of democracy and its limitations: reform; women; racism
U.S.A.
France
Haiti
Latin American independence movements
Mexican Revolution of 1910
Chinese Revolution of 1911

6.Rise of Western dominance

Rise of Western dominance	economic, political, social, cultural and artistic, patterns of expansion; imperialism and colonialism	different cultural and political reactions (reform; resistance; rebellion; racism; nationalism)/Marxism and Social Darwinism
South Asia
Southeast Asia
East Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
North and East Africa
Middle East
Russia
Japan
Latin America

7. Diverse interpretations
What are the debates over the utility of modernization theory as a framework for interpreting events in this period and the next?
What are the debates about the causes of serf and slave emancipation in this period, and how do these debates fit into broader comparisons of labor systems?

What are the debates over the nature of women’s roles in this period, and how do these debates apply to industrialized areas, and how do they apply in colonial societies?

Students Should be Prepared to Compare the Following:
 

the roles of women in western Europe	conditions of women in western Europe
upper/middle classes
peasantry/working class

1. Questions of periodization
Continuities and breaks, causes of changes from the previous period and within this period:  world wars

2. World Wars, Cold War, international orgs and impact on global framework

Global Events	Impact
The World Wars	reduction of European influence
the Cold War	globalization of diplomacy and conflict
nuclear weaponry	global balance of power
international organizations      - the League of Nations     - the United Nations     - the Non-Aligned Nations	their impact on the global framework

3. New patterns of nationalism

Compare new patterns of nationalism	Major Similarities and Differences
the interwar years/fascism
racism, the Holocaust, genocide
decolonization
new nationalisms in Eastern Europe and former Soviet Union

4. Impact of major global economic developments

Compare impact of major global economic developments	Major Similarities and Differences
the Great Depression
technology
Pacific Rim
multinational corporations

5. New forces of revolution and other sources of political innovations

Compare new forces of revolution and other sources of political innovations

6.Social reform and social revolution

Compare Social reform and social revolution
changing gender roles
family structures
rise of feminism
peasant protest
international Marxism

7. Internationalization of (popular) culture and reactions

Internationalization of (popular) culture and reactions
Developments in global and regional cultures
Interactions between elite and popular culture and art (e.g. Artistic Modernism)
Global cultural forces and patterns of resistance (consumer culture; religious responses)

8. Demographic and environmental changes

Demographic and environmental changes
migrations
changes in birthrates and death rates
new forms of urbanization
deforestation
green/environmental movements

9. Diverse interpretations
Is cultural convergence or diversity the best model for understanding increased intercultural contact in the twentieth century?

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using units of analysis in the twentieth century such as the nation, the world, the West, and the Third World?

Students Should be Prepared to Compare the Following:
 

Patterns of decolonization; different types of independence struggles	results of decolonization
Africa
India

20th Century Revolutions:  characteristics -- Marxist, anti-Western, religious	effects on the roles of women
Russia
China
Cuba
Iran

areas outside of Europe	effects of WW1	effects of WW2
Africa
East Asia
Middle East
Latin America

Areas Colonized	legacies of colonialism and patterns of economic development
Africa
Asia
Latin America

• The notion of “the West” and “the East” in the context of Cold War ideology
• nationalist ideologies and movements in contrasting European and colonial environments: fascism versus independence movements?  anti-Soviet nationalism in Eastern Europe versus nationalism in East Timor?