Congestion Control in Today’s Internet

• Rely on end-to-end congestion control (TCP)

  • end-hosts react to congestion indication provided by routers
  • congestion indication: implicit (FIFO, RED) or explicit (ECN)

• Advantage: simple network

• Disadvantage: no enforcement

  • works only if end-hosts cooperate
  • achieve fairness only if end-hosts implement
  • homogeneous control algorithms

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