Please see the following articles:

AP Wire services, Tues 3/20: "Calif. Officials Order Blackouts"

Dow Jones News, Tues 3/20: "California Panel to Order Utilities to Make $1 
Billion in Back Payments"

SF Chron, 3/20: "As Davis Seeks Money, Lawmakers Want Answers 
Members of both parties angry at lack of dialogue"

Fresno Bee, Tues 3/20: "Jones rips state on energy crisis "

Sac Bee, Wed., 3/21:  "Day 2 -- Battling blackouts: Payment plan sought to 
restart small plants"

Sac Bee, Wed., 3/21:  "Hospitals take hit, seek power guarantee"

Sac Bee, Wed., 3/21:  "Lodi still won't pull the plug"

San Diego Union, Tues., 3/20:  "Blackouts hit for second day; break seen 
Wednesday"
San Diego Union, Tues., 3/20:  "State power regulators working on energy 
rescue" 

San Diego Union, Tues., 3/20:  "Federal regulators scored for not ordering 
more California refunds"

LA Times, Wed., 3/21:  "Second Day of Blackouts Disrupts 500,000 Home and 
Businesses"
LA Times, Wed., 3/21:  "Fragile Supply Network Apt to Fail"

LA Times, Wed., 3/21:  "Elevator Anxiety is Riding High"

LA Times, Wed., 3/21:  "State says it's accelerating plan to buy Power 
Utilities' Grid"

LA Times, Wed., 3/21:  "L.A., Long Beach File Suits Over Gas Companies' 
Prices "

LA Times, Wed., 3/21:  "Davis OKs Subsidy of Pollution Fees"

LA Times, Wed., 3/21:  "As Losses Mount, Companies work around outages"

LA Times, Wed., 3/21:  Commentary:  "A Blackout on Answers"

LA Times, Wed., 3/21:  Commentary:  "Rolling Blackouts: Blatant Extortion"

SF Chron,  Wed., 3/21:  "Utilities' Demand Blocks Bailout 
NEGOTIATIONS HIT SNAG: PG&E, Edison want end to price freeze if they sell 
transmission lines to state"

SF Chron, Wed., 3/21:  "Utilities' Demand Blocks Bailout 
BLACKOUTS ROLL ON: Weather, increased consumption blamed"

SF Chron, Wed., 3/21:  "Manners Go Out the Window 
Pedestrians in peril as drivers turn darkened S.F. streets into free-for-all"

SF Chron, Tues., 3/20:  "Historic Blackouts in State 
Bay Area learns to cope"

SF Chron., Tues., 3/20:  "Second day of rolling blackouts in power-starved 
California"

Mercury News., Wed., 3/21:  "Bay Area Residents Learning to roll with 
Blackouts"

Orange County, Wed., 3/21:  "Powerless, Again"

Orange County, Wed., 3/21:  "The iceman shunneth effects of hourlong blackout"

Orange County, Wed., 3/21:  "Traffic officials are seeing red over blackouts"

Orange County, Wed., 3/21:  "Alternative power producers cut back or shut 
down as payments from big utilities lag"

Orange County, Wed., 3/21:  "O.C. saves its energy -- for blaming others"

Orange County, Wed., 3/21:  "Blackout readiness on agenda"

Dow Jones Energy News, Wed., 3/21:  "Calif To Order Utils To Pay Small 
Generators Up Front-Gov"

Dow Jones Energy News., Wed., 3/21:  "PG&E Says It Is Negotiating With 
Qualifying Facilities"

Energy Insight, Wed., 3/21:  "New York at the Crossroads"

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------
Calif. Officials Order Blackouts 
By PAUL CHAVEZ, Associated Press Writer 
LOS ANGELES (AP) - State power managers ordered rolling blackouts across 
California for a second straight day Tuesday as demand for electricity again 
exceeded supply. 
The same factors that collided to strap California's power supply on Monday 
hit again, officials with the Independent System Operator said. Those include 
reduced electricity imports from the Pacific Northwest, numerous power plants 
offline for repairs and higher-than-expected demand because of warm 
temperatures. 
A two-unit Southern California plant that the ISO hoped would be working 
Tuesday had not been fixed. One of its units might go online at noon to help 
the situation, the ISO's Jim Detmers said. 
In addition, hydroelectric power imports from the Northwest were 800 
megawatts lower than Monday, he said. The ISO oversees most of the state's 
power grid. 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
California Panel to Order Utilities to Make $1 Billion in Back Payments
By Jason Leopold

03/20/2001
Dow Jones Business News
(Copyright (c) 2001, Dow Jones & Company, Inc.)

Dow Jones Newswires 
LOS ANGELES -- The California Public Utilities Commission will order Edison 
International's Southern California Edison and PG&E Corp.'s Pacific Gas & 
Electric unit to pay small power generators that are qualified utilities 
about $1 billion in past-due payments in order to keep the plant owners from 
dragging the utilities into an involuntary bankruptcy proceedings, and to 
also ensure the generation units keep pumping out electricity, people 
familiar with the matter told Dow Jones Newswires late Monday.
Gov. Gray Davis, state Sen. Debra Bowen, and Assemblymembers Fred Keeley and 
Robert Hertzberg, all Democrats, spent most of the day y trying to hammer out 
an agreement with the so-called qualifying facilities, alternative power 
producers that use the wind, sun, steam and biomass to generate electricity 
for the state, on supply contracts and past payments the utilities failed to 
make. 
The qualifying facilities, which represent about one-third of the state's 
total power supply and signed contracts to sell power directly to the 
utilities under a government mandate, would then agree to sign power-supply 
contracts with the utilities for a period of five to 10 years for about $79 a 
megawatt hour for the first five years and about $61 a megawatt hour 
thereafter, two sources involved in the negotiations said. 
The PUC is expected to issue a draft resolution on the issue sometime this 
week, one source said. 
The lawmakers wouldn't comment on the details of their talks Monday. 
Representatives with SoCal Ed (EIX) and PG&E (PCG) said they were unaware 
Gov. Davis and his administration were meeting on the issue. 
The utilities are more than $13 billion in debt and have failed to make 
payments on their qualifying-facilities contracts since November. PG&E has 
paid some of its qualified facilities just a fraction of what they are owed. 

Legislation To Restructure QF Rates Stalls In Senate Energy Committee 

Mr. Keeley had recently drafted legislation, along with state Sen. Jim 
Battin, a Republican from Palm Desert, that would have restructured the rates 
the qualified facilities charge the utilities, from $170 a megawatt hour to 
$80 a megawatt hour for five years. 
The bill, SB47X, stalled in the Senate Energy Committee, of which Ms. Bowen 
chairs. SoCal Ed opposed the legislation, saying the rates were still too 
high. A utility spokesman said the qualified-facilities rates should be 
reduced to under $50 a megawatt hour. 
But the lawmakers and the governor is trying to avoid the need for 
legislation, largely because there isn't much support in both houses for such 
a bill and the chance that it won't be passed in time to keep the qualified 
facilities from dragging the utilities into involuntary bankruptcy 
proceedings, the legislative source said. 
The PUC will take over the issue from the Legislature, the source said. 
Monday, about 3,000 megawatts of qualified-facilities generation went offline 
because the companies that operate the power plants can no longer afford to 
buy natural gas used to fuel the plants due to the utilities' failure to pay 
money owed to the companies, said Jim Detmers, vice president of operations 
for the state's Independent System Operator. 
The outages triggered a major shortfall in the state which resulted in nearly 
eight hours of statewide rolling blackouts Monday. 
Many owners of the qualified-facilities said without immediate relief, they 
would likely force SoCal Ed, and possibly PG&E, into involuntary bankruptcy, 
perhaps as soon as Thursday. 
One such facility, CalEnergyOperating Co., wants to be freed temporarily from 
its contract with the utility and be allowed to sell its electricity to third 
parties until the utility is able to pay its bills. CalEnergy is an affiliate 
of MidAmerican Energy Holdings Co., which is majority owned by Warren 
Buffet's Berkshire Hathaway Inc. (BRKA). 
The company sued SoCal Ed last month, and the case is scheduled to be heard 
Thursday in Imperial County Superior Court. If a judge delivers an 
unfavorable ruling, CalEnergy and other unsecured creditors would drag SoCal 
Ed into involuntary bankruptcy, three executives with the companies involved 
said. 
CalEnergy is said to be organizing a bankruptcy petition now circulating 
among six of Southern California Edison's independent power suppliers and 
could file the petition very quickly if it fails in its suit Thursday, said 
executives with three of the six companies. 

Write to Jason Leopold at jason.leopold@dowjones.com 
Copyright (c) 2001 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. 
All Rights Reserved
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
As Davis Seeks Money, Lawmakers Want Answers 
Members of both parties angry at lack of dialogue 
Lynda Gledhill, Greg Lucas, Chronicle Sacramento Bureau
Tuesday, March 20, 2001 
,2001 San Francisco Chronicle 
Sacramento -- The Legislature has warned it may block further state purchases 
of electricity as lawmakers' frustration with Gov. Gray Davis' handling of 
the energy crisis increases. 
A test may come soon because Davis asked yesterday for another $500 million 
to continue buying power. 
Sen. Steve Peace, D-El Cajon, chairman of the Joint Legislative Budget 
Committee, wrote to Davis' Finance Department on Friday that the committee 
might deny further spending requests "in the absence any discernable 
progress" from the Public Utilities Commission to ensure that the state would 
get its money back. 
Members of the committee, both Republican and Democratic, said they supported 
Peace's call for more oversight of the spending, given the lack of 
information from Davis on details of the state's power purchases. 
"He's been holding things close to the chest, and that bothers me," said Sen. 
John Vasconcellos, D-Santa Clara. "I want to know a lot more." 
Sen. Dick Ackerman, R-Fullerton, said the administration "has been 
stonewalling us about how much is being spent, and how much power we're 
getting for it. When the state is spending that kind of money, at a minimum, 
legislators should know for what." 
The state had spent $2.6 billion on electricity through March 11. Davis' 
request for more money would put the state at the $3 billion mark by the 
middle of April. The state is spending an average of $49 million a day. 
The money is supposed to be paid back through the rates collected from 
utilities' customers. It is up to the PUC to decide how to divide that money 
among the state, the utilities and the utilities' debtors. The commission is 
scheduled to take up the issue at its March 27 meeting. 
The problem is that there appear to be more demands on the money than there 
is money to go around. 
The utilities have said they need the money to pay off some of their 
creditors. Among those looking for cash are alternative-power generators that 
were selling electricity to Pacific Gas and Electric Co. and Southern 
California Edison. Half of them have shut down because they have not been 
paid. 
Earlier this month, the PUC granted the Department of Water Resources, which 
has been purchasing electricity for the state, the power to recoup its full 
costs through rates. 
It's unclear whether that can be accomplished without raising electricity 
prices, though Davis has insisted he can solve the crisis without boosting 
rates. 
Lawmakers said they approved the bill that allowed the state to buy power in 
the belief such purchases would be a stopgap until the Davis administration 
could sign long-term contracts with power suppliers. However, only about 19 
contracts have been signed to date, out of 42 agreements. If all the 
contracts are signed, they will account for about 70 percent of the power 
California is expected to need. 
"It was our expectation some of these contracts would kick in," said 
Assemblywoman Carole Migden, D-San Francisco. "This was designed to only be 
bridge money to avert a power disaster. We should hold firm and come up with 
a plan. 
"I recall about three weeks ago when we first asked about one of these $500 
million letters," Migden said. "We said maybe this one is necessary, but 
there won't be carte blanche approval of any future requests. I'm pleased 
Sen. Peace is taking that approach." 
To Assemblyman George Runner, R-Lancaster, Peace's letter was "another way 
for the Legislature to send a message we need to be in this loop. We're just 
getting a small little dribble of information, which just creates more 
questions." 
A spokesman for the Department of Finance said officials hoped to work with 
the committee members about their concerns. 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------
Jones rips state on energy crisis 
Secretary of state hints that he'll take on Davis in 2002. 
By John Ellis 
The Fresno Bee
(Published March 20, 2001) 
Officially, he's Bill Jones, secretary of state for California. Unofficially, 
he's Bill Jones, 2002 gubernatorial candidate. 
The evidence is right there between the lines -- in the subtleties of his 
speeches, their subject matter, and the way Jones carries himself when he's 
in public. 
Monday was no different, as Jones addressed a Rotary Club luncheon in Fresno 
full of people who are assuming -- though nothing is official -- that the 
Fresno native will soon announce his intention to challenge Gov. Davis next 
year. 
"Bill, they call me governor," Chas Looney, a former Rotary Club district 
governor, quipped to Jones. "I look forward to the day we all can call you 
governor." 
Jones then proceeded to deliver a speech to a packed house in the DoubleTree 
Hotel that touched on his accomplishments as secretary of state, but quickly 
moved to his main topic: California's crumbling infrastructure and how the 
energy crisis is affecting the state. 
Always in the background but never mentioned by name was Davis. Jones was 
careful to hew to the Rotary rule that speeches steer clear of partisan 
politics. 
Still, Jones looked, sounded and acted like a candidate for governor, and 
near the end of his speech he promised his decision would come soon. 
The Fresno Republican's speech began by highlighting his work in passing the 
"Three Strikes and You're Out" initiative in 1994. 
Jones also talked of his efforts to remove 2 million inactive California 
voters from the rolls. 
But it was clearly the energy crisis and its ramifications -- an issue 
Republicans feel they can pin on Davis and the Democratic-controlled 
Legislature -- that was the centerpiece of the speech. 
Today, the energy crisis is being driven, he said, by a lack of power plant 
construction. And while billions go to solve the crisis, he said, the state 
faces $100 billion in unmet infrastructure needs -- everything from school 
repair to road repair. 
"Doesn't that scare you?" Jones asked. 
He then recounted the warning signs -- ignored by the state, he said -- of 
the looming energy crisis. 
He cited the initial warnings that the deregulation bill was flawed, last 
summer's request by Edison and Pacific Gas & Electric to allow forward 
contracting and the Republican request for a special session to deal with the 
energy crisis. All ignored, Jones said. 
Now, Edison and PG&E are near bankruptcy and the state finds itself stepping 
up as a creditor. "And the solution now becomes California getting into the 
energy business," he said. "Or, even carrying it to a greater degree, not 
just in the short term to buy power to keep the lights on. I'm talking about 
basically socializing the energy business." 
Jones said he prefers low-interest loans to Edison and PG&E, taking the 
electric grid as collateral. 
"I just do not believe in California getting into something it does not know 
how to do -- has never done before -- on top of all of our other 
obligations," he said. 
"It really worries me that California will not be able to endure that type of 
obligation." 
Jones said polls now show increasing numbers of residents saying the state is 
headed in the wrong direction. 
"I feel obligated to speak out and say there is a better way," Jones said.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Day 2 -- Battling blackouts: Payment plan sought to restart small plants
By Dale Kasler and Carrie Peyton
Bee Staff Writers
(Published March 21, 2001) 
Blackouts rolled across California for a second straight day Tuesday, 
snarling traffic, darkening businesses and sending state officials scrambling 
to craft a payment plan to revive the wind farms and other critically needed 
small energy producers that have shut down because of financial woes. 
On a day when another 570,000 customers lost power, Gov. Gray Davis said the 
Public Utilities Commission and the Legislature would move promptly to order 
Pacific Gas and Electric Co. and Southern California Edison to start paying 
those small energy producers for their electricity. Davis said the two 
utilities will face "considerable fines" if they don't pay up. 
But several of the producers, known as "qualifying facilities," said they 
doubted Davis' plan would go far enough to get them back in operation. And it 
wasn't clear whether the plan would keep the increasingly impatient 
alternative producers from hauling one or both of the big utilities into 
bankruptcy court, as some have threatened. 
The shortage of power from the qualifying facilities -- plus a near-record 
heat wave (downtown Sacramento topped off at 83 degrees, one degree short of 
the 84 degree record set in 1960), a lack of hydropower and other problems -- 
prompted the state's Independent System Operator to order a second day of 
blackouts starting mid-morning. But the blackouts hit only about half as many 
Californians as Monday's, with late afternoon conservation efforts helping 
balance supply with demand. 
The blackouts, usually about an hour long, hit about 7,600 Sacramento 
Municipal Utility District customers in Elk Grove and south Sacramento 
County. PG&E customers in suburban counties were affected as well. 
The order darkened shops in San Francisco's Chinatown and was blamed for a 
crash that left two motorists seriously injured in the Los Angeles suburb of 
South El Monte. A Sun Microsystems Inc. factory in Newark had to close for 
several hours. 
Most Californians took the blackouts in stride, though. Elk Grove High School 
students filed outside to play hacky sack. Coffee shop patrons in Davis 
milled outdoors, enjoying the unseasonably warm weather. 
Yet the blackout order was met with outright defiance by one municipal 
utility. The city of Lodi refused to cut power to its residents Monday or 
Tuesday, saying it shouldn't have to suffer because of the financial crisis 
afflicting PG&E and Edison. 
The outlook for today and the near future was brighter, as several big power 
plants came back on line after repairs. ISO officials also praised 
Californians' conservation efforts, which had faltered in the morning but 
came on strong in the afternoon, helping to prevent further blackouts. By 
evening the grid was in a relatively mild Stage 2 power alert. 
But the second day of blackouts -- plus an increasing threat of utility 
bankruptcy -- pushed Davis to the brink. The governor cobbled together a 
payment plan to rescue the qualifying facilities -- some 600 wind farms, 
geothermal plants and other alternative-energy generators whose production 
has become increasingly vital in recent days. 
Under Davis' plan, the Legislature and the PUC would order PG&E and Edison to 
pay the qualifying facilities for power delivered after April 1. The 
utilities are required to buy power from the qualifying facilities under a 
1978 federal law designed to bring cheaper and cleaner forms of electricity 
to market. 
Davis said the PUC would release a proposed order late Tuesday that would 
require the utilities to pay the qualifying facilities $79 a megawatt hour 
for five-year contracts or $69 for 10-year contracts. The Legislature also 
would have to pass a law authorizing the PUC to issue such an order. 
But the situation was far from resolved late Tuesday, and PG&E and Edison 
were likely to oppose at least portions of Davis' plan. 
Edison is willing only to make "some kind of partial payments going forward," 
said Thomas Higgins, a senior vice president with parent company Edison 
International. "We have a limited amount of resources available to us in 
rates, ... and that's the constraining factor." 
PG&E, which has been making partial payments to the qualifying facilities, 
said it could pay them in advance, in full, for future power deliveries. 
But PG&E said such payments would eat up half the $400 million it has 
available each month to buy power -- and unless it gets a rate hike, there 
wouldn't be enough to pay the qualifying facilities and cover other expenses, 
including the cost of reimbursing the state Department of Water Resources for 
the power the agency is buying on behalf of the troubled utility. 
PG&E's proposal could represent a challenge of sorts to state officials: 
Accept less money for the water department, or raise rates. 
State officials "need to resolve who they want to see paid," PG&E spokesman 
John Nelson said. "There is a limited pool of money." 
For his part, Davis insisted that the water department would be first in line 
to be paid, and he said the PUC will issue a proposed order to that effect. 
"We are getting paid before anybody else," Davis said. 
Hundreds of qualifying facilities are out of commission because PG&E and 
Edison haven't paid them. The situation has robbed the state of several 
thousand badly needed megawatts and is a key reason blackouts have been 
ordered. In normal times the facilities produce more than 20 percent of 
California's electricity. 
Some of the qualifying facilities have been threatening to haul one or both 
of California's beleaguered utilities into bankruptcy court unless they get 
paid soon, saying a bankruptcy filing might be the only way they can save 
their businesses. 
"You've got to take care of the QF problem or the whole thing blacks out," 
said Jerry Bloom, a lawyer representing one group of qualifying facilities. 
"(State officials) are starting to understand." 
One thing that was fairly certain about Davis' still-sketchy payment plan: It 
wouldn't cover PG&E and Edison's existing debt to the qualifying facilities, 
estimated at more than $1.48 billion. 
In their current financial state, the utilities say they can't afford to pay 
the existing debt. In addition, paying the debt would create a major 
complication: Other creditors, including the big power generators, would 
surely haul Edison and PG&E into bankruptcy court on the grounds that they 
weren't being treated fairly. 
"You can't give preferential payment treatment to one class of creditors over 
another," PG&E's Nelson said. "You virtually assure that (the other 
creditors) have to file an involuntary bankruptcy proceeding against you." 
But without full payment, it wasn't clear how many of the qualifying 
facilities would be able to restart. 
Executives at several plants -- the ones that run on natural gas -- said 
they're not sure their gas suppliers will deliver unless the existing debts 
are cleared up. 
"We need to convince a gas company to supply us," said Ed Tomeo of UAE Energy 
Operations Corp., which had to shut off its 40-megawatt Kern County plant 
Tuesday. "We're a company that already owes millions of dollars for gas 
supplies. How do you coax them to sell you millions more?" 
"It's wishful thinking ... that the gas suppliers are going to sell us gas," 
Robert Swanson of Ridgewood Power said. 
I>Bee Capitol Bureau Chief Amy Chance and staff writers Stuart Leavenworth, 
Bill Lindelof, Pamela Martineau and the Associated Press contributed to this 
report.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------









Lodi still won't pull the plug
By Carrie Peyton
Bee Staff Writer 
(Published March 21, 2001)

In a growing rebellion against blackouts, the city of Lodi has twice refused 
to cut power to its residents despite an order from Pacific Gas and Electric 
Co. 
The small city-run electric system is among many disgruntled utilities, 
including the Sacramento Municipal Utility District, that believe their 
contractual pledges to cut back during emergencies were never meant for times 
like this. 
"It's been a philosophical debate up to this point. Now I guess we've drawn a 
line in the sand," said Lodi utility director Alan Vallow. 
PG&E said it is reviewing its interconnection contract, the agreement that 
links Lodi to the grid through PG&E-owned high-voltage lines, to determine 
what action it will take next. 
"It's unfortunate that while the city of Lodi has received the benefit of 
this agreement for years, they are unwilling to bear the burden of this 
statewide energy shortage," said PG&E's Jon Tremayne. 
One utility coalition, the Northern California Power Agency, believes that 
PG&E has already violated that agreement by not lining up enough power for 
customers. 
The agency wrote PG&E on Friday saying that its members -- municipal 
utilities and irrigation districts -- believe they aren't required to 
participate in blackouts prompted by financial disputes. 
And SMUD, which has been considering dropping out of future blackouts, will 
be watching the response to Lodi, said SMUD board President Larry Carr. 
Some SMUD directors say they're ready to go to court to force the issue. So 
is Lodi, population 58,000, said Vallow. 
"I've heard an Edison executive describe this as a natural disaster akin to 
an earthquake. That's crap. This is a man-made event," he said. 
Lodi said it will still help in genuine emergencies, such as fires or toppled 
transmission lines. But it decided that on Monday and Tuesday that wasn't the 
case. 
"You have 3,000 megawatts of QFs (qualifying facilities) offline because 
their bills haven't been paid. Well, guess what? Somebody ought to pay those 
... bills," Vallow said.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------


Blackouts hit for second day; break seen Wednesday 




By Audrey Cooper
ASSOCIATED PRESS 
March 20, 2001 
SACRAMENTO ) Rolling blackouts hit California for a second straight day 
Tuesday, closing souvenir shops in San Francisco's Chinatown, snarling 
traffic and plunging schools and offices around the state into darkness. 
Roughly a half-million homes and businesses from San Diego to the Oregon 
border faced outages, blamed on the same factors that collided to force 
blackouts Monday ) unseasonably warm weather, reduced electricity imports 
from the Pacific Northwest, numerous power plants offline for repairs and 
less power provided by cash-strapped alternative-energy plants. 
Five rounds of outages in San Diego affected about 74,000 customers. State 
power grid officials expected to have enough electricity to avoid further 
outages through at least Wednesday, although the supply remained tight. 








State power regulators working on energy rescue 
Federal regulators scored for not ordering more California refunds 
? 



Gov. Gray Davis blamed the blackouts in part on the failure of Southern 
California Edison and Pacific Gas and Electric Co. to pay millions of dollars 
they owe "qualifying facilities," power suppliers that use cogeneration ) 
steam from manufacturing plus natural gas ) or solar, wind and other 
renewable energy to generate electricity. 
State power grid officials say California this week has lost about half the 
electricity QFs normally provide. Several cogeneration plants say they 
haven't been paid by Edison and PG&E for weeks and can't afford to buy 
natural gas to fuel their plants. 
Davis said the utilities are taking in money from customers but still failing 
to pay the QFs. The state has been spending about $45 million a day since 
January to buy power for customers of Edison and PG&E, which are so 
credit-poor that suppliers refuse to sell to them. 
"It's wrong and irresponsible of the utilities to pocket this money and not 
pay the generators," Davis said at a Capitol news conference Tuesday evening. 
"They've acted irresponsibly and immorally and it has to stop." 
Southern California Edison officials said in a written statement that the 
utility is intent on paying creditors and working with the PUC to pay QFs for 
future power sales. PG&E representatives were out of the office late Tuesday 
night and didn't immediately return calls from The Associated Press seeking 
comment. 
John Harrison of the Northwest Power Planning Council, a consortium that 
monitors power use in several Western states, said blackouts on the first day 
of spring are an ominous sign of what lies ahead this summer. 
"We're in trouble," he said. "We will likely be able to meet our needs this 
summer, but there won't be much to send to California." 
Tuesday's outages began at 9:30 a.m. PST and continued in 90-minute waves 
until about 2 p.m., when the Independent System Operator lifted its blackout 
order. 
Grid officials credited an influx of power from the Glen Canyon hydroelectric 
plant on the Utah-Arizona border. 
The blackouts were blamed for at least one serious traffic accident. 
Two cars collided at an intersection without traffic lights in the Los 
Angeles suburb of South El Monte, leaving two people with serious injuries, 
California Highway Patrol Officer Nick Vite said. 
Ventura Foods in Industry sent its employees out for an early lunch after 
blackouts shut down its phones and computers. 
"This is mild weather for this time of year. I don't know what's going to 
happen in the summer," manager Frank Hynes said. "This is going to have a 
serious impact on the state's economy. They can't just keep shutting people 
down." 
Statewide, demand was higher than expected because of warm spring weather. 
Temperatures reached record highs across California on Monday, including the 
80s and low 90s in Southern California. They were expected to be somewhat 
lower Tuesday but still in the 70s and 80s. 
The ISO hoped demand would start to subside and conservation would kick in, 
but that did not happen Tuesday morning. 
"We have not seen the kind of conservation we saw back in January," when the 
first blackouts hit, ISO spokesman Patrick Dorinson said. "If we don't have 
conservation efforts, that just means that's more power we have to take off 
the grid." 
In San Francisco's Chinatown, souvenir shops normally bustling with visitors 
were forced to shut down. Nearby, irritated customers waited for a bank to 
reopen. 
"It's no good for anybody ) stores or businesses or people," said Yin Sun 
Chan, among those in line. 
PG&E, the state's largest utility, accounted for most of the customers 
affected. 
At least 438,000 PG&E residential and business customers were affected as of 
early afternoon, spokesman Ron Low said. 
Edison cut power to about 50,000 customers. Edison was ordered to cut less 
power than PG&E and saved some due to conservation programs, including one 
that lets the utility shut off air conditioning for 118,500 residential and 
business customers when the power supply is tight. 
About 73,400 San Diego Gas & Electric customers were hit by the blackouts. 
Los Angeles, whose municipal utility is not on the grid that serves most of 
California, wasn't included in the blackout order. 
More than 1 million homes and businesses statewide experienced outages 
Monday. 
California's power crisis is expected to get even worse this summer, when 
temperatures soar and residents crank their air conditioning. 
Natural gas supplies are tight, water supplies are down and the state is 
spending tens of millions of dollars each day to buy electricity for Edison 
and PG&E, who say they are nearly bankrupt due to high wholesale power costs. 
Edison and PG&E say they have lost more than $13 billion since last June to 
climbing wholesale electricity prices the state's 1996 deregulation law 
prevents them from recouping from ratepayers. 
Adding to the problems, the state this week lost about 3,100 megawatts from 
QFs. One megawatt is enough power to serve about 750 households. 
The plants say they are owed about $1 billion for past sales to PG&E and 
Edison. 
PG&E said it is offering to prepay the QFs starting next month to get them 
back in operation. Negotiations were expected to continue Wednesday. 
California Co-Generation Council attorney Jerry Bloom said he supports 
proposals that will get the Qfs paid, but the promise of future payments may 
not be enough. 
PG&E and Bloom said the utility's prepayments hinge on an upcoming Public 
Utilities Commission decision on whether the utility's rates are sufficient 
to pay its bills and cover the state's power purchases on its behalf, which 
amount to $4.2 billion since early January. 
Davis said the PUC planned to issue a draft order late Tuesday directing the 
utilities to pay their future QF bills. 
It plans to take action on that order next Tuesday, Davis said. The 
Legislature plans to approve a bill in the meantime giving the PUC the 
authority to issue such an order and fine the utilities if they fail to 
comply, he said. 
Davis said he is confident the utilities and the state can pay their bills 
without further rate increases for Edison and PG&E customers. 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------


State power regulators working on energy rescue 




By Karen Gaudette
ASSOCIATED PRESS 
March 20, 2001 
SAN FRANCISCO ) State power regulators continue to delay the release of 
guidelines that will determine a portion of the money the Department of Water 
Resources can recoup from financially troubled utilities for electricity it 
has bought on their customers' behalf. 
These guidelines will help the water department determine whether it must 
raise consumer power rates to reimburse the state for the more than $3 
billion it has committed to buying electricity. 
Assemblyman Fred Keeley, D-Boulder Creek, said Tuesday that the Public 
Utilities Commission would likely have to raise rates by 15 percent to cover 
the state's costs and the utilities' bills. 
The PUC guidelines were most recently delayed by a letter from DWR Director 
Thomas Hannigan asking that the water department receive a percentage of 
ratepayer money collected by the utilities equal to the percentage of 
electricity it provides to utilities. 
The DWR currently buys around 40 percent of the power used by Pacific Gas and 
Electric Co., Southern California Edison Co. and San Diego Gas and Electric. 
Under the DWR's proposal the utilities would have to hand over 40 percent of 
the money they continue to collect from ratepayers. 
The DWR would then also receive whatever money remains after the utilities 
subtract their own generation and long-term contract costs, the letter said. 
That amount would become the "California Procurement Adjustment" ) an amount 
that will help the state retrieve money spent on power purchases and help 
establish the size of state revenue bonds that are currently estimated to 
total $10 billion. 
The state plans to issue the bonds in May to help pay off the more than $3 
billion Gov. Gray Davis' administration has committed to power purchases 
since January to help the utilities climb out of debt. 
Ron Low, a spokesman with PG&E, said the utility objects to paying the DWR 
such a large sum, claiming it would interfere with efforts to pay its 
"qualifying facilities" ) power plants that use the sun, wind, biomass or 
natural gas to generate about one third of the state's electricity. 
The nearly bankrupt utilities owe the QFs more than $1 billion for 
electricity they have produced since November, said Jan Smutney-Jones, 
executive director of the Independent Energy Producers. 
Hannigan also said in the letter the DWR intends to use its authority to 
raise consumer electricity rates to recoup any money not reimbursed through 
the CPA and other means. 
The Public Utilities Commission expected to release the guidelines last week, 
but was delayed by debates over legislation that would slash the rates of 
environmentally friendly power plants under contract to provide electricity 
to the investor-owned utilities. 
Without knowing how much ratepayer money the utilities need to pay these 
"qualifying facilities" for future electricity, it's unknown how much money 
they'll have on hand to pay the DWR. 
In a written statement, PUC Administrative Law Judge Joseph DeUlloa said that 
he would issue a temporary decision on the CPA "as soon as is practical." 
Pacific Gas and Electric Co. and Southern California Edison Co. say they have 
lost more than $13 billion since last June to climbing wholesale electricity 
prices that the state's 1996 deregulation law prevents them from recouping 
from ratepayers. 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------



Federal regulators scored for not ordering more California refunds 




By H. Josef Hebert
ASSOCIATED PRESS 
March 20, 2001 
WASHINGTON ) House Democrats asked federal energy regulators Tuesday why they 
are not going more aggressively after alleged overcharges for wholesale 
electricity in California and ordering more refunds. 
The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission has asked suppliers to justify $124 
million in sales during the first two months of the year or refund the money, 
but critics charge that thousands of additional questionable sales are not 
being challenged. 
The three commissioners testifying at a hearing of the House Commerce 
subcommittee on energy, were asked why they limited their refund demands to 
only power sales that occurred during so-called Stage 3 alerts of acute power 
shortages in California. 
"It appears to me a price is unreasonable when it is unreasonable," and not 
just during a power alert, said Rep. Rick Boucher of Virginia, the panels' 
ranking Democrat. 
The commission last week ordered six power generators to justify some 1,000 
transactions during February in the California market whenever the price was 
above $430 per megawatt hour and occurred during a Stage 3 emergency alert. 
But the lawmakers were told Tuesday that 56 percent of another 14,168 
transactions, occurring outside a Stage 3 emergency, also exceeded the $430 
trigger, but are not being questioned. 
"The line was drawn to limit the scope of the refund," said agency 
commissioner William Massey, a Democrat, who strongly opposed the refund 
actions because he said they were too limited. 
Chairman Curtis Hebert, a Republican, defended the way the commission decide 
on what transactions to challenge saying that it sought to replicate market 
conditions as they existed at the time of the sales. 
"We deserve a better explanation," retorted Boucher. 
Massey said that agency's investigation of overcharges for January also 
failed to consider thousands of transactions that exceeded the refund trigger 
because they did not occur during Stage 3 supply emergencies. 
Managers of California's electricity grid, state regulators and utilities 
have accused the agency of refusing to aggressively investigate price gouging 
by wholesalers who have charged from $150 to $565 per megawatt hour, as much 
as 20 times what prices were in 1999. 
While Hebert and commissioner Linda Breathitt defended the commissioners 
attempt to investigate whole electricity prices, Massey has been highly 
critical. 
What message does the agency's scrutiny of prices send to the power 
companies? he was asked. 
"It makes clear FERC is going to be looking for the wallet under the lamp 
post with the lights shining ) and nowhere else," replied Massey. 
Meanwhile, Massey and his two fellow commissioners, also disagreed sharply on 
whether the energy agency should impose temporary price controls on the 
wholesale power market in the West to dampen further expected price increases 
this summer. 
Massey said he fears "a disasters in the making" if some price restraints are 
not imposed by FERC, which regulates wholesale electricity sales. "We need a 
temporary time out," he said. 
But Massey is in the minority on the commission. Both Hebert and Breathitt 
are against price caps, arguing they will have long-term detrimental impact 
on power supply. 
The Bush administration has made its opposition to interfering in the 
wholesale markets well known for weeks. Vice President Dick Cheney's task 
force is to unveil an energy plan in about a month that is expected to lean 
heavily on energy production. 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------
Second Day of Blackouts Disrupts 500,000 Homes and Businesses 

Power: Grid operators say the shortage should ease in the next few days, but 
officials see a grim summer. 

By MITCHELL LANDSBERG and ERIC BAILEY, Times Staff Writers 





A traffic signal that stopped working during Tuesday's rolling blackouts led 
to this collision be tween a car and a truck at an intersection in El Monte. 
The outages ran from 9:30 a.m. to 2 p.m. AP

?????Electricity blackouts rolled through California for a second straight 
day Tuesday, disrupting business in one of the world's most technologically 
advanced economies and leaving schoolchildren groping in the dark.
?????Jinxed by a combination of bad luck and bad decisions, utilities were 
forced to cut off power to more than half a million homes and businesses from 
San Diego to the Oregon border.
?????By day's end, there was some good news from the operators of the 
statewide power grid, who said the situation had eased and appeared likely to 
improve for the next few days. And Gov. Gray Davis announced a proposed 
solution to one vexing problem: the utilities' failure to pay the state's 
small, alternative power generators, many of whom have stopped producing 
power as a result.
?????Davis called the utilities "shameful" for failing to pay, and praised 
the alternative power generators, which include solar, wind and geothermal 
energy producers, as "good corporate citizens" who produced power although 
they weren't being paid.
?????"We are anxious to pay the [small producers], who are dropping like 
flies," Davis said.
?????Despite the progress, it was hard for some people to look on the bright 
side after enduring outages that took place when the state's hunger for power 
was almost 50% less than at its summer peak.
?????"This is a taste, almost like an appetizer, of a really unpalatable meal 
that's going to be served up this summer," said Michael Shames of the Utility 
Consumers' Action Network in San Diego, himself a victim of a rolling 
blackout that hit his office in San Diego early Tuesday.
?????Power officials have warned that this could be a grim summer in 
California, since demand for electricity sharply rises when people turn on 
air conditioners. The state has been struggling to meet its power needs in 
recent months because of rising prices and a flawed deregulation plan that 
has left the two biggest private utilities on the brink of bankruptcy. State 
leaders have so far failed to agree on a comprehensive plan to solve the 
problems.




Wally Quirk teaches a business class in a borrowed classroom Tuesday at 
Sonoma State after the state's rolling blackouts cut the power to his usual 
classroom, which does not have any windows.
SCOTT MANCHESTER / The Press Democrat

?????The latest round of blackouts began about 9:30 a.m. Tuesday when the 
California Independent System Operator, which runs the statewide grid, 
determined that the demand for electricity was 500 megawatts more than the 
supply--an imbalance that meant the state was short on the power needed to 
supply electricity to about 375,000 homes.
?????Grid operators blamed a confluence of events, including warmer weather; 
outages at several major power plants, including one unit of the San Onofre 
nuclear power station; a reduction in imports from the Pacific Northwest, and 
the shutdown of many alternative energy producers. Similar blackouts Monday 
were the first since January.
?????The situation improved somewhat by late Tuesday morning, with some 
supplies restored and Californians conserving energy, and Cal-ISO was able to 
halt the rolling blackouts at 2 p.m.
?????Once again, customers of the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power 
were spared, although the municipally owned utility said its electrical 
surplus was smaller than usual. The DWP, like Southern California Edison, was 
affected by an outage at the huge Mohave power plant in Nevada, as well as by 
planned outages at several of its facilities.
?????As in the past, by far the biggest impact was felt by customers served 
by Pacific Gas & Electric, the state's largest utility, which cut power to 
438,000 homes and businesses.
?????Edison cut power to 47,462 customers in about 40 cities, but eventually 
was able to avoid blackouts by shutting off the air conditioners of some of 
the 118,500 customers who participate in a voluntary cutoff program.
?????San Diego Gas & Electric cut power to 73,400 customers.

?????Innovative Ways of Coping
?????As on Monday, most people took the outages in stride, as an annoying but 
ultimately unavoidable inconvenience.
?????In Palmdale, four schools lost power during one of the hourlong 
blackouts, but teachers and students pressed on in the sunlight pouring 
through windows and skylights. At Barrel Springs Elementary, Principal Cruz 
Earls said the biggest problem came when students had to go to the bathroom: 
Hand in hand, they made their way through darkened hallways with flashlights.
?????All in all, it wasn't a terrible experience. Then again, the weather 
wasn't that hot Tuesday, with a high of 79 in Palmdale, so the shutdown of 
air conditioners wasn't much of a hardship. "I don't want to think about the 
conditions this could create in May or June," Earls said.
?????Businesses of all kinds complained about the lack of warning for the 
outages--and sometimes found innovative ways to get around the problem.
?????Rattled by news reports of Monday's rolling blackouts, El Burrito 
Mexican Food Products in the city of Industry started its Tuesday shift at 2 
a.m. to beat the clock in the event of an outage. That hunch paid off. 
Workers had just finished cooking and packaging the last batches of salsa and 
masa when the lights went out at 10:20 a.m.
?????Company owner Mark Roth said the firm will continue working odd hours to 
avoid further outages. But he isn't buying the line from the utilities that 
they can't provide advance warning because of concerns about looting and 
rioting.
?????"We're ready to do whatever it takes to get through this thing," he 
said. "But they've got to give us some notification."
?????At Big O Tires in Elk Grove, just south of Sacramento, owner Daniel Crum 
had his 14 workers take an early lunch break or head to the warehouse to 
reorganize the goods. Without electricity, they couldn't repair brakes or 
align front ends.
?????"I'd never let them be idle," said Crum.
?????At least two minor traffic accidents were blamed on the outages.
?????The blackouts resulted from a convergence of factors.
?????Demand was slightly higher than expected, probably because of 
unseasonably warm weather. Supplies were tighter than usual, in part because 
of several outages, including that at the Mohave plant, half of which was 
brought back on line by the end of the day.
?????The San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station was still limping along 
without power from one of its two 1,100-megawatt units, which was shut down 
Feb. 3 after a half-hour fire in a nonnuclear part of the plant. Edison, 
which operates San Onofre, initially estimated the unit would be out for 
several weeks but recently said "extensive damage" to parts of the turbine 
will keep the unit out of commission until mid-June.
?????Shipments from the drought-stricken Pacific Northwest, which generates 
most of its electricity from large dams, were also down.
?????"Each time we take a measurement, we're closer to the all-time record 
for the driest year," said Dulcy Mahar, spokeswoman for the Bonneville Power 
Administration, the network of federal dams that provides the region with 
much of its electricity. "We've been doing what we can, but we simply don't 
have power to sell."
?????Finally, there was the problem of the small and alternative energy 
producers, which have shut down plants because they haven't been paid by the 
private utilities since November. Those outages have cost the state about 
3,000 megawatts of electricity, enough for about 2.3 million homes.
?????"You're seeing the system freeze up," said David Sokol, chairman and CEO 
of MidAmerican Energy Holdings Co., which runs eight geothermal plants in the 
Imperial Valley through its subsidiary, CalEnergy. His company hasn't shut 
down yet, but Sokol said smaller companies couldn't continue to sell their 
energy to utilities for free.
?????"Why should we fund Edison?" he asked. "That's just ridiculous."

?????A Choice of 2 Rate Plans
?????Davis joined lawmakers in the Capitol on Tuesday to outline his plan to 
get the producers running again. He said utilities have had no right to 
collect money from ratepayers and then not use the funds to repay the small 
producers. The state has spent billions to buy power from large conventional 
producers on behalf of the utilities but has refused to pick up the tab for 
alternative energy.
?????"The utilities acted in a shameful manner by putting money in their 
pockets that was designed to pay the [small producers]," Davis said.
?????The plan outlined by Davis would allow the generators to choose between 
two rate plans. They could decide to be paid 7.9 cents per kilowatt-hour over 
five years or 6.9 cents a kilowatt-hour over 10 years.
?????The utilities must begin paying the generators the new rates beginning 
April 1 or face fines, Davis said.
?????The question of how the companies will get paid the about $1.5 billion 
they are owed remains unresolved. That issue will be decided in coming weeks 
as Davis' negotiators continue to work on rescue plans for the state's 
financially hobbled private utilities.
?????PG&E spokesman Ron Low said the state's largest utility did not take 
kindly to Davis' criticism, and noted that the governor's plan is similar to 
a proposal that PG&E made last week to producers.
?????Jan Smutny-Jones, executive director of a trade group that includes some 
of the small generators, described the plan as a positive step.
?????"The governor got it right in that it's not acceptable for small power 
producers to continue to generate and not be paid," Smutny-Jones said. "But 
we'll need to see what the order says; the devil will truly be in the 
details."
?????Grid operators said the state's overall energy situation eased by midday 
Tuesday because of repairs at the Mohave plant and another large plant at 
Ormond Beach, and because the Western Area Power Administration came up with 
300 megawatts of electricity from Glen Canyon Dam.
?????Also, grid spokesman Patrick Dorinson said conservation savings spiked 
upward after earlier complaints that Californians weren't conserving.
?????"We saw the people of California probably conserve 900 megawatts today," 
he said. "That was probably the difference."
--- 
?????Times staff writers Andrew Blankstein, Jose Cardenas, Marla Dickerson, 
Noaki Schwartz, Nicholas Riccardi, Doug Smith, Rebecca Trounson and Richard 
Winton in Los Angeles, Miguel Bustillo and Julie Tamaki in Sacramento, Maria 
La Ganga in San Francisco, Stanley Allison, Matt Ebnet, Scott Martelle, 
Dennis McLellan, Monte Morin, Jason Song, Mai Tran and Nancy Wride in Orange 
County, and Richard Simon in Washington contributed to this story.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------
Fragile Supply Network Apt to Fail 

By JENIFER WARREN and ERIC BAILEY, Times Staff Writers 

?????A lot of people were caught off guard by the blackouts that swept over 
California this week. Debra Bowen wasn't one of them.
?????As chairwoman of the state Senate Energy Committee, she is 
intimately--and painfully--familiar with the state's energy supply. And she 
is willing to share a secret: It's a fragile system, capable of collapse at 
any time.
?????That knowledge keeps Bowen awake at night, particularly with the 
approach of summer, when power demand surges as Californians get reacquainted 
with their air conditioners.
?????"I sound a bit less like Chicken Little today, don't I?" Bowen said 
Tuesday, as chunks of the state once again were forcibly darkened. "I know a 
lot of people don't feel we have a problem. But we have a very, very big 
problem."
?????With the recent slowdown in Stage 3 emergencies, a sense of calm had 
settled over the energy debate, and even some legislators were speaking with 
guarded optimism about the hot months ahead.
?????On Tuesday, however, a creeping sense of doom was almost palpable among 
energy watchers, and previous supply forecasts--which predict that the state 
may yet escape summer blackouts--were being given a second look.
?????"The outages of the last two days are something that Californians are 
going to have to get used to for July and August," said Michael Zenker, 
California director of Cambridge Energy Research Associates. The 
Massachusetts consulting firm is predicting about 20 hours of blackouts this 
summer.
?????At the California Independent System Operator, which manages 75% of the 
statewide power grid, officials said the energy cushion the state had in 
recent weeks was, in some ways, a phantom caused by heavy imports of power.
?????Cal-ISO spokesman Patrick Dorinson said people may have been deluded 
into a false state of comfort: "Maybe there is a tendency to think things 
have improved," he said. In fact, they haven't.
?????More than anything, this week's events illustrate the delicate balance 
of factors that keep California illuminated, from the multitude of supply 
sources to the weather.
?????Temperatures were higher than usual. Alternative-energy suppliers--who 
haven't been paid in months by the cash-strapped utilities--cut their output. 
Suppliers in the Northwest--which faces a drought--slashed exports. Equipment 
breakdowns and maintenance at power plants--much of it unanticipated--took 
13,000 megawatts offline. A utility-run program that gives businesses 
discounts in exchange for cutting power during emergencies is all but dead.
?????"The fragility of the system is such that a small perturbation can turn 
everything upside down very easily," said Gary Ackerman, executive director 
of the Western Power Trading Forum, a group of electricity generators and 
traders.
?????One factor receiving particular attention is the dip in supply caused by 
unscheduled maintenance. To help officials predict available supply, 
generators provide an annual maintenance plan that is updated regularly.
?????In addition, however, facilities sometimes shut down for unexpected 
reasons: leaking tubes, burnt-out transformers, cracked turbines and faulty 
feed pumps. At one point Tuesday, about 8,200 megawatts were unavailable 
because of unscheduled shutdowns. That's enough to supply about 6 million 
households, and up from 5,700 megawatts a week ago.
?????The huge 1,400-megawatt Mohave power plant near Laughlin, Nev., which 
supplies Southern California Edison and the Los Angeles Department of Water 
and Power, was felled Monday by a transformer problem. That was enough to 
push the state into blackouts.
?????A growing number of skeptics, however, question whether those reasons 
are always valid, accusing generators of withholding power to shrink supply 
and drive up prices.
?????"There's no way to verify it, so you've got to take their word for it," 
said Frank Wolak, a Stanford University economist who studies California's 
electricity market. "And given that it's very profitable for these things to 
occur, you start to wonder if they're creating an artificial scarcity."
?????Tom Williams of Duke Energy said the Houston-based company is working 
hard to keep its California power plants, which are capable of producing 
3,351 megawatts of electricity, in operation after months of near-continuous 
operation.
?????"It's like riding a moped across the country," he said. "They're just 
not meant to run this hard."
?????Last week, the state Senate formed a committee to investigate charges of 
market manipulation by power suppliers. The chairman, state Sen. Joe Dunn 
(D-Santa Ana), says the issue of unscheduled plant shutdowns is on his agenda.
?????"The problem is: How does one prove that a particular outage was part of 
a deliberate strategy to deprive the state of kilowatts, rather than a result 
of normal business operations?" Dunn said.
--- 
?????Times staff writer Nancy Rivera Brooks contributed to this story.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------
Elevator Anxiety Is Riding High 

Emergencies: Workers in skyscrapers worry about blackouts trapping them in 
their buildings. Some take the risk in stride; others make plans to take the 
stairs. 

By JOHN M. GLIONNA and JOE MOZINGO, Times Staff Writers 

?????SAN FRANCISCO--In Susan Clifton's highly placed opinion, sunny Tuesday 
would have been a picture-perfect day to work atop one of the tallest 
buildings in San Francisco, a scenic city littered with soaring skyscrapers.
?????But Clifton--like many other high-rise office dwellers in blackout-prone 
parts of California--couldn't help but feel some high anxiety at the prospect 
of being stranded by electrical outages that were sweeping across the state 
for a second day.
?????"I think about it all the time," said Clifton, a 21-year-old 
receptionist at Deutsche Bank's offices on the 48th floor of a tower in the 
city's financial district who recently moved from rural Virginia. "The way I 
see it, Californians take a lot of things on faith, working atop tall 
buildings with all these earthquakes and power outages."
?????For Long Beach office worker Dave Suhada, the anxiety has taken the form 
of elevator phobia: a fear of getting stuck on an 80-degree day crammed in a 
pod of sweating, heavy-breathing humans, with no way out.
?????"I'm just eyeing the buttons to see which one I could push as fast as I 
can if the power goes out," he said. 
?????For 20-year-old Lisa Riley, it means entering the elevator each day in 
her Long Beach office building with a prayer. "I just could not get stuck for 
an hour and a half," she said, nodding nervously. Often she now opts for the 
stairs.
?????In San Francisco, emergency services officials say that most of the 
city's office buildings are equipped with backup generators to run elevators 
and security equipment in the event of a blackout.
?????Fire Department spokesman Pete House said the city has 19 trucks with 
experts trained to extricate people trapped in elevators. Firefighters 
handling blackout-related emergencies rescued a person trapped in a downtown 
building Tuesday and handled five elevator mishaps Monday.
?????Christopher Stafford didn't get caught inside an elevator Monday, but 
suffered the next-worst thing: being stranded in his 15th-floor apartment 
after the power failed when he went home for lunch.
?????So the 41-year-old real estate worker trooped down the stairs to the 
lobby and even made some new friends along the way, helping a few elderly 
women who were struggling down the stairs.
?????"It was a pain," he acknowledged. "But I have to tell you: I really like 
my panoramic view, so it's worth the hassle."
?????Nowadays, Sherrie Tellier makes sure her cellular phone is in hand when 
she gets in the elevator. She got trapped once before, and the emergency 
phone didn't work. It's amazing, she said, how small an elevator seems when 
you can't get out. "It's like a broom closet.Now there's a sigh of relief 
every time the door opens."
?????Some high-rise office workers said Tuesday that they preferred not to 
think about the perils of going without power and being vulnerable and 
isolated so high up.
?????But on the 42nd floor of San Francisco's Transamerica Tower, Sasha 
Monpere wasn't fazed by the chance that during a blackout, her building's 
backup generators wouldn't kick in.
?????"Hey, I'm young and I'm healthy. I can always walk down the stairs," 
said the 29-year-old receptionist. "I've done the Statue of Liberty. It can't 
be any worse than that. And walking down 42 flights is a lot easier than 
walking up all those stairs."
?????Likewise with Phil Ip, who works on the 52nd--and top--floor of San 
Francisco's tallest skyscraper. The 25-year restaurant veteran says he has 
the utmost faith in modern technology.
?????"We're safe, even up here," said Ip, assistant general manager of the 
Carnelian Room, a restaurant atop the Bank of America building. "You should 
see the engineer's room in this building. It's like a big steamship. They're 
equipped for anything that could happen."
?????One floor below, Cheryl Martin hears every day about people's fear of 
heights. In the year since she began answering phones in a law office, she 
has often escorted clients afraid of express elevators that shudder and rise 
so fast that passengers' ears pop from the altitude gain.
?????"Everybody, and I mean everybody, asks, 'So, what happens during a power 
outage?' " she said.
?????Rory Thompson said he believes in karma and is sure that if the rolling 
blackouts come calling, his office will be spared. In July 1993, Thompson's 
building was the site of an incident known as the 101 California St. 
massacre, in which gunman Gian Luigi Ferri killed eight people and wounded 
six before killing himself.
?????"This building has already had its bad day," he said. "They say that the 
day after a crash is the safest day to ride an airline. So I'll take my 
chances with the rolling blackouts."
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
State Says It's Accelerating Plan to Buy Power Utilities' Grid 

Government: Talks with Edison are reported near completion, but agreement 
with heavily indebted PG&E has a way to go. 

By RONE TEMPEST and DAN MORAIN, Times Staff Writers 

?????SACRAMENTO--As blackouts hit California for a second day Tuesday, a key 
consultant to Gov. Gray Davis said negotiations to buy the power grid owned 
by the state's largest utilities "are proceeding at an accelerated pace."
?????Wall Street consultant Joseph Fichera said talks with Southern 
California Edison could be wrapped up within days, although those with PG&E 
are much less advanced. 
?????The administration and PG&E have not reached even an agreement in 
principle, he said. PG&E, which has more debt than Edison, says its 
transmission lines are more extensive than those of its Southern California 
counterpart.
?????The state wants to buy the utilities' transmission lines and other 
assets for about $7 billion to provide cash to the utilities, help stabilize 
the electricity supply and ease the power crunch that has plagued California 
for months. To research the grid purchase, Fichera said, the state has had to 
pore over 80,000 documents just to assess the utilities' liabilities.
?????"We are working at a good pace," said Fichera, chief executive of the 
New York firm Saber Partners. " . . . If we get to a deal-breaker, it might 
be longer."
?????By making Fichera, who is also a consultant to the Texas Public 
Utilities Commission, available to reporters Tuesday, the Davis 
administration was clearly trying to reassure the public that progress is 
being made on the governor's plan to pull the state out of the crisis.
?????Since mid-January, when the big utilities' credit failed and suppliers 
stopped selling to them, the state has spent nearly $3 billion buying 
electricity from a handful of large suppliers in Texas, Oklahoma, Georgia and 
North Carolina. Not a cent has gone to the hundreds of alternative energy 
suppliers in California who provide about a quarter of the state's 
electricity.
?????The Monday and Tuesday blackouts occurred partly because many of the 
cash-strapped alternative suppliers, including solar, biomass and wind power 
units, cut their normal supply to the system in half. They say Edison and 
PG&E have not paid them since November; the utilities say they are out of 
cash.
?????Assemblyman Fred Keeley (D-Boulder Creek) said the plight of the 
alternative suppliers has dragged on because of the complexity of dealing 
with "almost 700 individual contractors."
?????Another delaying factor, said Keeley, who with state Sen. Jim Battin 
(R-La Quinta) worked for almost three months to come up with a legislative 
plan to lower the small producers' prices, was "the huge enmity . . . 
manifested between the utilities and the qualifying facilities. These people 
just don't like each other."
?????This week's blackouts provided two painful lessons for the Davis 
administration:
?????* When it comes to electricity, size doesn't matter--every kilowatt 
counts. During peak use, a small wind power facility in Riverside County can 
make the difference between full power and blackouts.
?????* There is no such thing as a partial solution. Unless the whole energy 
equation is balanced, the parts don't work.
?????For the Davis plan to work, several key elements need to come together 
or utility customers will almost certainly face rate increases above the 19% 
already set in motion:
?????* The cost of power purchased by the state must be reduced through 
long-term contracts with the big out-of-state producers.
?????These contracts, the details of which the Davis administration has kept 
confidential, are still being negotiated by Davis consultant Vikram Budhraja 
of the Pasadena firm Electric Power Group. The administration says it has 
concluded 40 contracts with generators, about half of which have been signed.
?????According to the most recent statistics released by the Department of 
Water Resources, which buys power for the state, current prices are still 
well above the rate state Treasurer Phil Angelides says is necessary for a 
planned $10-billion bond offering to succeed.
?????The bonds, set for sale in May, will be used to reimburse the state for 
the money it will have spent by that time to buy electricity. The state is 
currently spending at a rate of $58 million a day to buy power. If prices 
stay high, the $10 billion in bonds will not cover the state's power 
purchases by the end of the summer.
?????Angelides says he cannot proceed with bridge financing for the bonds 
until the Public Utilities Commission devises a formula to guarantee that a 
portion of utility bills will be dedicated to bond repayment. Angelides has 
estimated that, under the January law that put the state in the power buying 
business, the state must be reimbursed $2.5 billion annually, and that $1.3 
billion is needed to service the debt.
?????PUC Administrative Law Judge Joseph R. DeUlloa is expected to announce 
his ruling on the reimbursement rate later this week, leading to a PUC vote 
on the matter as early as next week.
?????* The rates charged for electricity by the alternative producers, known 
as qualifying facilities, must be cut at least in half, down from an average 
of more than 17 cents per kilowatt-hour. In his news conference Tuesday, 
Davis said he will ask the PUC to set QF rates at 6.9 cents for 10-year 
contracts and 7.5 cents for five-year contracts.
?????Meanwhile, PUC Chairman Loretta Lynch, a Davis appointee, said Tuesday 
that the commission will vote next week on a proposed order requiring 
Southern California Edison and Pacific Gas & Electric to pay the QFs for 
electricity in the future. Lynch said a recent PUC assessment showed that the 
utilities have enough cash on hand for that.
?????"We are trying to make sure the folks providing the power get paid," 
Lynch said. "The qualified facilities have demonstrated that they haven't 
been paid and that it is impairing their ability to provide power."
?????The utilities contend that if they pay the small providers what they owe 
them, there will not be enough money left to pay other creditors.
?????"There is not enough money in the current rate structure to pay the 
[alternative producers], pay the [Department of Water Resources] and pay the 
utilities for their generation," said John Nelson, a spokesman for PG&E.
?????* The utilities must sell to the state the power they produce 
themselves, mainly from hydro and nuclear sources, at a rate only slightly 
above the cost of producing it. This is tied to the ongoing negotiations 
between the Davis administration and the utilities to restore the 
near-bankrupt utilities to solvency.
--- 
?????Times staff writers Julie Tamaki, Miguel Bustillo and Tim Reiterman 
contributed to this report.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
L.A., Long Beach File Suits Over Gas Companies' Prices 

Energy: Separate actions allege a conspiracy and gouging. Suppliers blame 
rising demand and a fluctuating market. 

By TINA DAUNT and DAN WEIKEL, Times Staff Writers 

?????Seeking damages that could reach "into the billions of dollars," the 
cities of Los Angeles and Long Beach on Tuesday filed separate lawsuits 
alleging that a coalition of gas companies illegally conspired to eliminate 
competition, drive up natural gas prices and discourage the construction of 
electricity generating plants in California.
?????Officials from the two cities alleged that Southern California Gas Co., 
San Diego Gas & Electric and El Paso Natural Gas Co. violated the state's 
antitrust law and engaged in unfair and fraudulent business practices that 
caused gas prices to skyrocket.
?????The cities are the first California municipalities to take action 
against the gas companies. A number of similar lawsuits filed by antitrust 
attorneys, state regulators and private citizens are pending elsewhere.
?????The energy companies deny any impropriety. They contend that California 
is the victim of its own soaring electricity demand and overreliance on 
fluctuating spot markets for natural gas.
?????"The conspiracy theories that have been promoted have no basis in 
reality," said Denise King, spokeswoman for Southern California Gas' parent 
company, Sempra Energy, which also was named in the suits. "Southern 
California Gas continues to look out for the best interest of its customers."
?????The lawsuits filed in Los Angeles County Superior Court accuse the 
companies of conspiring to manipulate the price of natural gas by agreeing to 
kill pipeline projects that would have brought ample supplies of cheaper 
natural gas to Southern California.
?????They allege that executives for the energy companies made the pact 
during a meeting in a Phoenix hotel room five years ago to discuss 
"opportunities" arising from the state's newly deregulated electricity market.
?????"The fulfillment of the illicit plan has had devastating effects on 
Southern California gas consumers," according to Los Angeles' suit. "Gas 
prices in the Southern California market have skyrocketed, and the Southern 
California gas consumers are paying the highest prices in the nation."
?????In recent months, natural gas prices have tripled across the nation for 
a number of reasons, including a shortage of supplies to meet demands for 
home heating. Prices have increased far more in California, where natural gas 
is a central factor in the state's energy crisis. The state relies on the 
clean-burning fuel to generate half its electrical power.
?????"This not only led to price-gouging of all natural gas consumers, from 
homeowners to government to industry, but it contributed to the current 
electrical power crisis in California," said City Atty. James K. Hahn, a 
mayoral candidate who urged the City Council to pursue the case.
?????Chris Garner, Long Beach's utility director, said that since November, 
the average residential bill for gas in Long Beach has more than doubled, to 
$175 a month. Some customers, he said, have seen rate increases of 500%.
?????"The people of Long Beach are being gouged by energy conglomerates who 
are artificially manipulating the supply of natural gas and reaping excess 
profits at the expense of the public," said City Attorney Robert Shannon.
?????Holding a special meeting, the Los Angeles City Council voted 12 to 0 
Tuesday to file the suit.
?????"If the allegations are true, they are extremely serious," said 
Councilman Mike Feuer, who is a candidate to succeed Hahn as city attorney. 
"And there appears to be some important evidence that substantiates the 
allegations in the complaint, which means that this lawsuit is, I think, more 
than a viable lawsuit."
?????Councilman Mark Ridley-Thomas added: "We cannot tolerate this and we 
must use the full weight of the law to try to correct it."
?????A growing number of lawsuits around the state are targeting California's 
natural gas suppliers. El Paso Corp., which owns the main pipeline 
transporting out-of-state gas to Southern California, has been targeted 
repeatedly by utility companies, state regulators and antitrust attorneys. 
?????Some of the first antitrust lawsuits were filed against Sempra Energy in 
December. They were brought by Continental Forge Co., a Compton-based 
aluminum forging business, and Andrew and Andrea Berg, who own a business in 
San Diego.
?????The cities' lawsuits request that the defendant companies be barred from 
such conduct in the future, and they seek civil penalties and damages.
?????Shannon estimates that Long Beach could collect more than $100 million 
in damages, including triple penalties for antitrust violations.
?????"We are filing this for our citizens," Shannon said. "They include the 
poor, the elderly, people living on fixed incomes and small business owners."
?????The Los Angeles suit was filed on behalf of all Californians. Officials 
place damage estimates "in the billions." 
?????Hahn, however, warned council members that it could take the city a year 
or more to resolve the suit.
?????"Lawsuits take time," Hahn said. "We are hopeful we can enter into 
meaningful discovery to disclose what's been going on."
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Davis OKs Subsidy of Pollution Fees 

Smog: As part of secret deal to get long-term energy contracts, state would 
pay for some of the credits that allow excess power plant emissions. Critics 
renew call for full disclosure. 

By DAN MORAIN , Times Staff Writer 

?????SACRAMENTO--As part of his closed-door negotiations to buy electricity, 
Gov. Gray Davis has agreed to relieve some generators from having to pay 
potentially millions of dollars in fees for emitting pollutants into the air, 
Davis said Tuesday.
?????Davis announced two weeks ago that his negotiators had reached deals 
with 20 generators to supply $43 billion worth of power during the next 10 
years.
?????However, the Democratic governor has refused to release any of the 
contracts or detail various terms, contending that release of such 
information would hamper the state's ability to negotiate deals with other 
generators and therefore ultimately would raise prices Californians pay for 
electricity.
?????Sources familiar with the negotiations, speaking on condition of 
anonymity, said the agreement reached with Dynegy Inc., a power company based 
in Houston, is one that includes language requiring that the state pay the 
cost of credits that allow emissions. Dynegy spokesman Steve Stengel declined 
to discuss the company's deal with the state.
?????"We couldn't get them to sign contracts; it was a sticking point," Davis 
said of the decision to pay the fees of some generators. "We had to lock down 
some power so we were not totally dependent on the spot market."
?????The fees in question are part of an emission trading system known as 
RECLAIM. Under the system, companies are allotted a certain amount of 
allowable pollution. If their operations pollute more, companies are required 
to purchase credits on an open market. Currently the credits cost about $45 
per pound of pollution--an amount that can lead to a bill of well over $10 
million a year for a power plant.
?????The South Coast Air Quality Management District, which regulates 
pollution in the Los Angeles Basin, is considering steps to significantly 
lower the cost of the system--a step that could considerably cut the state's 
potential cost, Davis said.
?????Senate Energy Committee Chairwoman Debra Bowen (D-Marina del Rey) 
defended the decision to cover the power company's costs.
?????"It is a question of whether it brings down the price of power," she 
said. "If it brings down the price of power, I don't have a problem with it."
?????Nevertheless, word that the contracts could bind the state to pay 
pollution fees caused some critics of Davis' policy to renew calls for Davis 
to reconsider the secrecy surrounding the power negotiations. The payment 
provision underscores the fact that the contracts involve more than merely 
the prices the state will pay for its megawatts, the critics note.
?????"The Legislature should have known about it," said Senate President Pro 
Tem John Burton (D-San Francisco). "It is going to cost taxpayers money. It 
makes you wonder. . . . This was a policy issue that was never discussed with 
the Legislature."
?????V. John White, a lobbyist for the Sierra Club, who also represents 
alternative energy producers, called the contract proposal "a horrible 
precedent."
?????"Until we know exactly what the state has agreed to and how much of a 
subsidy this represents, we can't determine how serious the breach of 
principle this is," White said.
?????Another critic of the secrecy of the negotiations, Terry Francke, 
general counsel for the California First Amendment Coalition, said the 
provision in question "raises the possibility that there are other 
[concessions]" that have not yet come to light.
?????In the summer, when demand for power is highest, some generators 
probably will exceed pollution limits set by regional air quality management 
districts.
?????To avert blackouts, state officials might ask the companies to keep 
plants running. In such cases, some sources familiar with aspects of the 
contracts said, the contract language could be interpreted to suggest that 
the state would cover any fines--although Davis said Tuesday the state will 
not cover the cost of fines.
?????A recent Dynegy filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission 
underscores the rising cost of pollution-related measures. The company, which 
is partners with NRG Energy in three California plants in El Segundo, Long 
Beach and Carlsbad in San Diego County, said its "aggregate expenditures for 
compliance with laws related to the regulation of discharge of materials into 
the environment" rose to $14.3 million in 2000, from $3.6 million in 1999.
?????A South Coast Air Quality Management spokesman said Dynegy's facilities 
appear to be fairly clean--although Sierra Club lobbyist White said Dynegy 
has been seeking a permit at one of its plants to burn fuel oil, which is 
dirtier than natural gas.
?????Davis said he intends to "make this information public," but he added 
that "we do not want to put the public's interest in jeopardy by asking them 
to pay higher prices."
?????"Nobody likes the notion that [the administration is] not being fully 
forthcoming," Davis said. "But I also have a corollary responsibility that I 
don't stick these generators with a higher rate."
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
As Losses Mount, Companies Work Around Outages 

By MARLA DICKERSON,JERRY HIRSCH and NANCY CLEELAND, Times Staff Writers 

?????As blackouts moved from theory to reality, many Southern California 
businesses spent Day 2 assessing their losses and digging in for what they 
expect to be a long, hot summer.
?????An hour without electricity may be an inconvenience for most residents. 
But for manufacturers and many other businesses, even a brief loss of power 
can generate tens of thousands in losses.
?????Whether shaping metal or making salsa, businesses of all kinds 
complained Tuesday about the lack of warning of impending outages, even as 
they sought sometimes creative ways to work around the loss of power.
?????Rattled by news reports of Monday's rolling blackouts, Industry-based El 
Burrito Mexican Food Products started its Tuesday shift at 2 a.m. Workers had 
just finished cooking and packaging the last batches of salsa and masa when 
the lights went out at 10:20 a.m.
?????"We dodged a bullet," said El Burrito founder Mark Roth. "Losing a day's 
production of salsa would have cost me $15,000 to $20,000."
?????But other companies weren't so fortunate.
?????Long Beach-based Delco Machine & Gear was still totaling up its losses 
from Monday's blackout, which amounted to at least $30,000 in lost wages and 
production, said Nick Campanelli, vice president of manufacturing. The 
company, a division of Florida-based B/E Aerospace Inc., makes parts for the 
aerospace industry. The sudden loss of power caused its sophisticated metal 
cutting and grinding machines to crash, ruining precision parts in production.
?????But the losses don't end there. He said employees will need to spend 
hours resetting the equipment. Campanelli is particularly irked that the 
company received no warning.
?????"Five minutes' notice," he fumed. "That's all I needed."
?????Although businesses such as Campanelli's typically receive no warning 
that they are about to lose power, insurance companies count the rolling 
blackouts as "planned events," a determination that in most cases 
disqualifies a business from making a claim.
?????"I know it must be frustrating for businesses who have the power go off 
suddenly, but these outages are planned by the grid operators," said Pete 
Moraga of the Insurance Information Network of California. "That means it 
would not be a covered peril in a traditional business insurance policy."
?????Typically, business insurance covers loss of profit and damage from 
unforeseen events such as fires or windstorms. The component of the policy 
that covers interruptions in business kicks in after a given amount of time 
elapses, usually 24 to 48 hours.
?????Business polices can be written to include unusual coverages, Moraga 
said, but he has never heard of a policy that covers losses from a rolling 
blackout.
?????Some companies are taking measures not to get caught in a situation 
where a blackout can hurt them.
?????The region's largest steel supplier shut down for two hours Monday after 
Southern California Edison called to warn of tight supplies.
?????"We just can't take a chance," said Lourenco Goncalvez, president of 
California Steel Industries Inc. in San Bernardino County. "We have a lot of 
safety issues. People could get hurt."
?????Goncalvez said the plant has multiple 20-ton and 25-ton overhead cranes 
that operate with electromagnetic devices, which would fail if they lost 
power suddenly. Falling materials could injure workers below, he said. "We 
have been asking to be exempt from rolling blackouts," he said.
?????Goncalvez said he couldn't put a price on the lost production at the 
24-hour plant and said he worried more about the long term.
?????"Two hours is nothing," he said. "My concern is this thing will start to 
happen almost every day. If it will be like this all summer, you can be sure 
it will have dramatic consequences for the entire economy. . . . We're going 
to have a shortage of steel products in California. Maybe the government does 
not consider this is serious. We'll see."
?????At Sport Chalet, a La Canada Flintridge-based chain of 22 sporting goods 
stores in Southern California, an administrative assistant monitors the state 
power situation, hoping to warn any stores that are in danger of losing 
power, said Craig Levra, the company's chief executive.
?????Levra said the assistant was assigned the monitoring duties last year, 
when rolling blackouts were still only a threat.
?????The chain put in place an emergency plan--similar to what it would do in 
a major earthquake. Backup power will kick on emergency lights and allow the 
cash registers to complete transactions. Employees are instructed to escort 
customers from the building safely, Levra said.
?????Other businesses, however, have plans to remain open during the 60- to 
90-minute blackouts.
?????When power went out at two Cheesecake Factory restaurants in Orange 
County on Monday afternoon, the eateries switched to serving cold dishes such 
as sandwiches and salads, said Howard Gordon, senior vice president of the 
Calabasas Hills-based chain.
?????The restaurants had enough backup power to operate emergency lights and 
cash registers. Large windows provided the rest of the light, Gordon said.
?????So far, the 99 Cents Only Stores chain has missed the shotgun pattern of 
the blackouts. But with nearly 100 stores in California, company President 
Eric Schiffer believes it is only a matter of time before the lights go out 
at one of its outlets.
?????Though the stores have some backup power, the chain has systems in place 
to operate without it. Its cash registers can open mechanically, Schiffer 
said. Because an item sells for a multiple of 99 cents, sales clerks are 
equipped with "blackout sheets" that calculate a customer's tab, including 
tax. All the clerk has to do is count the number of items in the shopping 
cart and check the tables on the sheet.
?????This week's power crunch has been exacerbated by the fact that so-called 
interruptible electricity customers no longer face large penalties if they 
decline to shut down their operations when supplies get critically low.
?????The Public Utilities Commission suspended the fines in January to ease 
the burden on about 1,400 businesses that found themselves bearing the brunt 
of the crisis to prevent rolling blackouts in the rest of the state.
?????According to Edison, about 10% of its interruptible customers are 
complying with requests to curtail electricity usage during crunch time. But 
Scott Keller isn't among them.
?????The owner of Chino-based STC Plastics Inc. said he was forced to shut 
down more than 20 times since September, costing him as much as $10,000 in 
lost production per day. He ignored requests Monday and Tuesday to curtail 
usage and said he doesn't feel a twinge of remorse.
?????"If I'm shut down, I can't pay my workers," he said. "I'd feel more 
guilty about that."
?????But this is one area where insurance eventually might help. Moraga said 
some carriers are developing plans that would cover penalties for continuing 
to use power after they have been asked by a utility to cut back.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wednesday, March 21, 2001 
A Blackout on Answers 
Davis needs to do a better job in communicating to Californians about the 
electricity crisis. In the absence of that, cynicism grows. 

?????The oil shocks of the 1970s, from the Arab oil embargo to the Iran-Iraq 
war, were dead simple compared with the California power shortage. Then, the 
problem was a lack of imported oil and the chief symptom was long lines and 
high prices at gas stations. Politicians urged conservation: Turn down the 
heat, drive fewer miles, buy more efficient cars. People understood the cause 
of the crisis and the benefit of their actions. Today it's a different story 
and a damnably complicated one that gives consumers no place--or actually, 
too many places--to focus their anger. 
?????The last two days of rolling blackouts, including previously exempt 
Southern California, have not reduced power demand, or at least not enough. 
Consumers are suspicious: Are out-of-state power companies holding back 
production? Did utilities really not have enough money to pay alternative 
energy producers--the little guys who, combined, could produce enough power 
to prevent the blackouts? And what happened to long-term power contracts, the 
state-bargained deal that was supposed to stabilize the crisis? 
?????The frustrations are vast, and there are too many gaps in the story. If 
it's just a pack of thieves creating an artificial shortage, as even some 
consumer organizations charge, why should anyone sacrifice to conserve? That, 
in a nutshell, is the problem that Gov. Gray Davis, the state Legislature and 
the Public Utilities Commission face. 
?????Davis, for one, has to level with the public and stop acting as if he 
can fix the crisis. He has proved he can't, at least not without reductions 
in usage and, most likely, rate increases. If Davis, who is notoriously 
averse to delivering bad news, had leveled with the public about the 
fragility of the current system, the last two days of blackouts statewide 
(except in places with full municipal power, like Los Angeles) might not have 
come as such a shock. 
?????The Legislature tried and failed earlier to solve the alternative energy 
producers' nonpayment problems with a very complicated bill. Tuesday night, 
Davis and legislators announced a simpler plan that would set lower, more 
flexible rates for alternative power but also force the utilities to pay for 
future purchases. 
?????Which leads to the utilities themselves. With the state shelling out 
billions for power from the major generators, how could Southern California 
Edison and Pacific Gas & Electric still not have the cash flow to pay the 
alternative producers? That motley collection of biomass, solar, wind and 
cogeneration companies has been shutting down for nonpayment--some of them 
because natural gas suppliers have cut them off. PG&E has made some payments, 
but SCE has paid zilch, though a spokesman says it hopes to strike a deal to 
start paying this week. 
?????Without enough honest information, conspiracy scenarios fill the holes. 
Bad news is better than no news, something Davis seems not to quite realize. 
By today or Thursday, the weather will cool and some plants taken down for 
repair will come back online. The blackouts may cease but the crisis will be 
just as deep as it was Monday and Tuesday. It is up to Davis to do a better 
job of persuasively explaining why. Otherwise, the cynicism grows. 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wednesday, March 21, 2001 
Rolling Blackouts: Blatant Extortion 

?????* Re "Rolling Blackouts Hit Southland for First Time as Production 
Falls," March 20: 
?????So here we are, 22 years after the notorious gas shortage, having 
another gun held to our head by an opportunistic energy consortium. Back in 
1979, we all had to wait in long lines just to pay more for gasoline. Now, we 
have to face food in our freezers thawing and simmering in our homes during 
hot summer days, just to earn the honor of paying more for electricity. 
?????Of course, as soon as the rates are up and the environmental concerns 
are shoved aside, watch how plentiful power will be. When is somebody in 
government going to stand up for the consumer and stop this blatant form of 
extortion? 
?????JOHN JOHNSON 
?????Agoura Hills 
* * *
?????So customers of PG&E and Edison are "shielded from soaring wholesale 
prices"? Some shield: turning off all our power without so much as a moment's 
notice, endangering lives and disrupting businesses just to keep our 
electricity prices unreasonably low. Let's lift the rate caps to get the 
lights back on. And if I need to be shielded from soaring prices, I'll turn 
my own lights off. 
?????ANDREW LOWD 
?????Claremont 
* * *
?????This state needs adequate, reliable electricity to run a diverse 
economy. Both political parties and business interests are at fault. This 
crisis demands top priority, aimed at lasting solutions. 
?????The most immediate solution is fast-tracking of added generating 
capacity. Freeway bridges were rebuilt in record time after the Northridge 
quake, so we know it can be done. That is the type of effort that is needed, 
immediately. 
?????Since Democrats hold the governorship and control both state legislative 
houses, they are in the driver's seat. If the lights go out, the Democrats go 
out. If this state government can't solve the problem, we need a new 
government that can. 
?????STEVE ANDERSON 
?????Huntington Beach 
* * *
?????The alleged energy crisis in California is entirely contrived to relax 
environmental pollution standards and to raise energy rates. It's curious 
that the L.A. Department of Water and Power, which was not deregulated, is 
not currently experiencing an energy crisis. PG&E and Edison are both part of 
national and multinational corporations. Why should utility customers have to 
pay for their economic problems or gross mismanagement? 
?????Several power plants were taken off-line for "routine maintenance," 
which may not have been so routine. Energy is a vital necessity; if these 
companies can't provide it at a reasonable, affordable rate then they should 
be replaced by companies that can, be taken over by the government, or 
de-deregulated. There is an abundance of solar energy in California, of which 
only a small fraction is being utilized. There is no shortage of energy in 
California, only a shortage of intelligence, will and honest politicians. 
?????CHARLES B. EDELMAN 
?????Los Angeles 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Utilities' Demand Blocks Bailout 
NEGOTIATIONS HIT SNAG: PG&E, Edison want end to price freeze if they sell 
transmission lines to state David Lazarus, Chronicle Staff Writer
Wednesday, March 21, 2001 
,2001 San Francisco Chronicle 
URL: 
http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2001/03/21/M
N114450.DTL 
California's near-bankrupt utilities are demanding that higher electric rates 
be a part of any deal to sell the state their power lines, The Chronicle has 
learned. 
A rate increase -- perhaps of more than 50 percent, according to earlier 
industry estimates -- would certainly draw a firestorm of protest from 
consumer groups and force Gov. Gray Davis to backtrack from earlier pledges 
that rates would remain unchanged. 
Nevertheless, sources close to negotiations on the deal said Pacific Gas and 
Electric Co. and Southern California Edison are attempting to make higher 
rates a condition for agreeing to a bailout scheme in which they would sell 
the state their transmission systems and some land. 
The sources said the talks hit a new snag this week when state officials 
realized that fine print sought by the companies could require the Public 
Utilities Commission to pass along all of the utilities' costs to ratepayers. 
The sources said this would end a rate freeze that shields consumers from 
runaway wholesale electricity prices. 
The inclusion of potential rate increases in the talks reflects the growing 
complexity of a deal originally intended by Davis to stabilize the finances 
of PG&E and Edison so banks would resume loans to the cash-strapped 
utilities. 
The negotiations subsequently have expanded to involve a state purchase of 
the utilities' transmission networks and acquisition of utility-owned land, 
including spectacular coastal property near PG&E's Diablo Canyon nuclear 
power plant. 
Now they also have embraced further deregulation of California's 
dysfunctional electricity market. 
"Clearly, one of the terms being discussed is the regulatory environment," 
said Joseph Fichera, head of Saber Partners, a New York investment bank that 
is advising Davis in the talks. 
"The past situation has not worked well," he added. "The utilities want some 
certainty about their future." 
TENTATIVE DEAL WITH EDISON
To date, the governor has announced a tentative agreement with Edison for the 
state to buy the utility's power lines for almost $3 billion. Discussions 
with PG&E for a similar accord have dragged on for weeks. 
An Edison official, asking that his name be withheld, acknowledged yesterday 
that an end to the rate freeze is an expected result of the power- line sale. 
"Once the details of the pact are complete, dominoes will fall," the official 
said. "One of the dominoes is the rate freeze." 
A PG&E spokesman declined to comment. 
In fact, both Edison and PG&E have been aggressively seeking an end to the 
rate freeze for months. 
The two utilities have a lawsuit pending in federal court demanding that the 
PUC immediately raise rates so the utilities can recover almost $13 billion 
in debt accrued as a result of the freeze. 
"They have been trying a lot of things to get the rate freeze ended in 
various forms," said Carl Wood, who sits on the PUC. "Adding it to the 
present talks is consistent with past behavior." 
Wall Street has taken note that the negotiations no longer appear to be 
making progress. 
Paul Patterson, an energy industry analyst at Credit Suisse First Boston, 
told clients on Monday that the discussions "may have lost some momentum in 
recent days." He did not give a reason. 
For his part, the governor sounded unusually cautious about the course of the 
talks when asked late last week if a breakthrough was imminent. 
SECRET STICKING POINTS
"We are going to take the transmission systems and the land that's deeded, 
and we will work out an agreement," Davis said at an appearance in San Jose. 
"But there are a number of sticking points in the talks with PG&E that I'm 
not going to reveal." 
One of those sticking points apparently is an insistence that the sale of 
utility assets include a long-sought lifting of the rate freeze. 
Sources said lawyers from both PG&E and Edison had inserted the related terms 
into draft accords affecting each utility, and that the full impact of the 
additions was not realized by state officials until this week. 
One source said the language was just convoluted enough to slip beneath the 
radar screen of state negotiators. But the upshot, once the words had been 
parsed, was that the PUC effectively would lose control over power rates. 
CREDITWORTHINESS ON THE TABLE
In Edison's case, the terms of the tentative deal include the governor asking 
the PUC "to support the creditworthiness" of the utility. 
"This would ensure that future investments in both utility distribution and 
utility generation plants are provided fair returns of and on capital, 
consistent with current authorized returns and capital structure provisions," 
it says. 
Sources said the provision could be interpreted as a guarantee from the state 
that Edison would be permitted to recoup all outstanding costs from 
ratepayers. 
"There may be some assumptions about this language that the rate freeze ends 
if it is adopted," the Edison official said, adding that he saw no reason to 
disagree with such assumptions. 
But Fichera, Davis' adviser in the talks, insisted that nothing is set in 
stone, and that the negotiations are proceeding without a hitch. 
"This is a very complex transaction," he said. "God and the devil are in the 
details." 
E-mail David Lazarus at dlazarus@sfchronicle.com. 
,2001 San Francisco Chronicle ? Page?A - 1 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------
Utilities' Demand Blocks Bailout 
BLACKOUTS ROLL ON: Weather, increased consumption blamed 
David Lazarus, Chronicle Staff Writer
Wednesday, March 21, 2001 
,2001 San Francisco Chronicle 
URL: 
http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2001/03/21/M
N156508.DTL 

Hundreds of thousands of Californians went without electricity for a second 
day yesterday as unusually warm weather and a high number of idle power 
plants prompted blackouts throughout the state. 
State officials said electricity usage rose yesterday even though conditions 
were largely unchanged from a day before. They surmised that fewer 
Californians were conserving power. 
"We need people to really focus on that," implored Patrick Dorinson, a 
spokesman for the Independent System Operator, manager of the state's power 
grid. "The more people can do, the better it will be." 
Rolling blackouts were ordered by the ISO about 9:30 a.m. and were suspended 
at 2 p.m. after several plants that had been down for repairs returned to 
service. Additional power also was obtained from a plant in Arizona. 
Utilities estimated that about 560,000 customers were affected yesterday, 
compared with more than 1 million a day earlier. 
This week's blackouts marked the first time that people in Los Angeles shared 
the pain with those in San Francisco. Blackouts in January were confined to 
the northern part of the state. 
FEWER AFFECTED IN SOUTH
However, Southern California Edison's burden was considerably lighter 
yesterday than that of Pacific Gas and Electric Co. 
Karen Shepard-Grimes, a spokeswoman for the Southern California utility, said 
only about 50,000 customers went without power, compared with nearly 440, 000 
for PG&E. 
Affected areas in the south included Palm Springs, Santa Monica, Long Beach 
and Pomona. 
"We're not in the business of turning customers' lights off," Shepard- Grimes 
said. "We're in the business of keeping lights on." 
In PG&E's case, things were tougher because low rainfall means that less 
power is currently available from dams throughout the Pacific Northwest. 
Ron Low, a spokesman for the utility, said blackouts were experienced by PG&E 
customers from Eureka to Bakersfield. 
"Our goal was to carry out the ISO's order with minimal impact on customers, 
" he said. 
For its part, San Diego Gas & Electric said about 75,000 customers were 
darkened. 
Yesterday's blackouts began with PG&E customers in Block 12 and halted midway 
through Block 14. Customers in each block -- defined by power circuits rather 
than geography -- typically will lose power for about 90 minutes before the 
service interruption "rolls" elsewhere. 
Some cutoffs can last more than two hours, however, because of technical 
problems switching individual blocks on and off. 
NEXT UP: BLOCK 14
If additional blackouts are ordered today, they will commence with the 
remaining portion of Block 14 customers. (PG&E customers can determine their 
block by looking at the bottom left-hand corner of their monthly bill.) 
The ISO's Dorinson said it is hoped that cooler weather and increased 
generation will help avert further cutoffs this week. 
"Units are coming back into service that have been out," he said. "That will 
help a great deal." 
Roughly 15,000 megawatts of generating capacity was offline yesterday, 
including half of the alternative-energy plants, which are unable to afford 
natural gas to run their turbines. 
Many of the plant owners say they have not been paid by PG&E and Edison since 
November. They are asking federal regulators for permission to sell their 
electricity elsewhere. 
At the same time, one of two units at the Mohave Generating Station in Nevada 
damaged in a fire Monday returned to service yesterday, easing the load on 
California's grid. 
The plant, partly owned by Edison, is not expected to return to full output 
until tomorrow. 
PROBING SHUTDOWNS
Nearly a third of California's generating capacity is currently down for 
scheduled or unexpected maintenance. State regulators are investigating 
whether some plant owners might be deliberately shutting down to drive prices 
higher or reduce operating costs. 
Loretta Lynch, president of the Public Utilities Commission, on Monday called 
the number of idle plants "highly suspicious." 
Dorinson at the ISO said that about 12,000 megawatts of mainstream capacity 
was offline yesterday, compared with roughly 10,000 megawatts last year at 
this time. 
-- 
Tell Us What You Think 
Can you save 20 percent on your energy usage? Gov. Gray Davis is offering 
rebates for Californians who save on power starting in June, and if you've 
got a strategy for conserving, The Chronicle wants to hear it. We'll be 
writing about the hardest-working energy savers in a future story. To get 
involved, Write to the Energy Desk, San Francisco Chronicle, 901 Mission St., 
San Francisco, 94103; or e-mail energysaver@sfchronicle.com. 
-- 
THE ENERGY CRUNCH
-- Blackouts: About 560,000 Californians, including 440,000 in Northern 
California, lost electricity yesterday for 90 minutes at a time. 
-- Areas affected: Blackouts hit parts of blocks 12 and 14 and all of block 
13 yesterday. In the event of further blackouts, the remainer of block 14 
would be next, followed by block 1. 
-- Outlook: Officials say blackouts are less likely today as temperatures are 
expected to cool and power plants that have been offline for maintenance 
resume generating electricity. 
E-mail David Lazarus at dlazarus@sfchronicle.com. 
,2001 San Francisco Chronicle ? Page?A - 1 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------
Manners Go Out the Window 
Pedestrians in peril as drivers turn darkened S.F. streets into free-for-all 
Steve Rubenstein, Chronicle Staff Writer
Wednesday, March 21, 2001 
,2001 San Francisco Chronicle 
URL: 
http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2001/03/21/M
N173178.DTL 

Nobody got plowed into yesterday at Fifth and Howard streets in San 
Francisco. Many came close. 
The power outage that darkened the traffic lights at the frenetic South of 
Market intersection for more than an hour also darkened the souls of untold 
numbers of drivers, sending motoring manners into the toilet. 
The law says motorists are supposed to treat an intersection with 
nonfunctioning traffic lights as a four-way stop. That means everyone stops, 
then takes turns -- one by one -- creeping through the intersection. 
Tell that to the two people in motorized wheelchairs who were nearly creamed 
by two eastbound SUVs. 
Or to the young Swedish couple who had traveled halfway around the globe, 
only to scamper through the intersection barely ahead of an office supply 
truck. 
Or to the New Jersey tourist, who proclaimed that California drivers during 
power outages were proof positive that the Chaos Theory lives and breathes. 
Some motorists stopped and took turns, but many didn't. Some sped into the 
intersection immediately behind the vehicle in front, without themselves 
stopping at the white line. Some sailed through with a rolling stop and a 
warning honk. Some blasted through without stopping or honking. 
"I'm scared to death," said Brian Walters of Dorchester, N.J., after making 
it across Howard Street. "This is organized madness. I subscribe to the Chaos 
Theory, and this is what it looks like." 
Sydney Freedman, a tourist from Sydney, walked briskly across the darkened 
crossroads, smiling grimly. 
"I'll chance it," he said. 
He looked back and saw a woman in a motorized wheelchair nearly get squished 
by a westbound Chevy. 
"You have to be authoritative in this town when you cross the street," he 
said. "Especially that lady." 
Therese Anderson and Andreas Sandstrom, from Sweden, raced across as quickly 
as their backpacks would allow. 
"In this country, everyone is in such a hurry," said Anderson. 
"Everybody drives like a madman," added Sandstrom. "They say, 'I want to be 
home right now, and I don't care what happens to anyone else.' " 
The couple paused to gaze in wonder at the intersection, learning more about 
America in five minutes than a pile of guidebooks could tell them. 
"This intersection," said Sandstrom, "reminds you not to take life for 
granted." 
A few minutes later, Parking Control Officer Tom Butz arrived in his meter 
minder wagon and pulled his orange vest and whistle from the saddlebag. He 
strode brave and true into the center of the bullring, planted himself 
between the whizzing cars and began waving his arms as if conducting "The 
Rite of Spring." 
"I'm all by myself," he said. "I know it's a little risky. I'd better keep my 
angels with me." 
At that moment, the angels were on duty in Menlo Park, where a blacked-out 
intersection at El Camino Real and Santa Cruz Avenue backed up traffic so far 
that it stretched into neighboring Atherton. 
"It's a large intersection and traffic is slow anyway, but now it is severely 
impacted," said Police Sgt. Terri Molakides. "We don't get any warning 
either. When the power is out, the power is out. It's not like we can make 
any plans." 
In general, motorists seemed more likely to obey the four-way-stop rule on 
the Peninsula and in the East Bay than in San Francisco. 
In San Mateo County, some police departments have stopped trying to make 
advance plans to cover darkened intersections. San Mateo Police Sgt. Kevin 
Rafaelli said putting up signs and posting officers sometimes caused problems 
rather than solving them. 
"If people just follow the law (and) stop at the intersection, they can 
handle it better than we do if we're out there," he said. "People are sort of 
getting used to it and are dealing with it." 
In Berkeley and Emeryville, motorists stopped one at a time at temporary stop 
signs, with no apparent problems. At University Avenue and Sacramento Street 
in Berkeley, Officer Matt Meredith said motorists were behaving themselves. 
That wasn't the case a while back, when a driver who didn't stop at an 
intersection during a blackout was broadsided by someone who did, Meredith 
said. 
"The thing to remember is to stop and look," he said. 

TRAFFIC TIPS
To avoid a collisions during blackouts, the California Highway Patrol offers 
this advice to motorists: 
-- Treat any intersection with inoperative traffic lights as a four-way stop. 
Each vehicle must stop when arriving at the white limit line, then proceed 
only when safe, taking turns. 
-- If two vehicles arrive at the intersection at the same time, the motorist 
on the left must yield to the motorist on the right. 
-- Never insist on taking the right of way, even if you are entitled to it. 
-- Follow the directions of a police officer or traffic control officer, 
whose directions take precedence over lights or signs. 
Chronicle staff writers Henry K. Lee and Matthew B. Stannard contributed to 
this report. / E-mail Steve Rubenstein at srubenstein@sfchronicle.com. 
,2001 San Francisco Chronicle ? Page?A - 8 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------
Historic Blackouts in State 
Bay Area learns to cope 
Jonathan Curiel, George Raine, Justino Aguila, and Matthew B. St
Tuesday, March 20, 2001 
,2001 San Francisco Chronicle 
URL: 
http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2001/03/20/M
N219412.DTL 
Today's rolling blackouts caused concern throughout the Bay Area, including 
Colma, where the sudden lack of power apparently caused a fire. 
A light fixture at the Home Depot store in Colma caught fire around 10:45 a. 
m., 15 minutes after Pacific Gas and Electric Co. ordered blackouts for the 
area. No one was hurt. 
"I was in the back of the store when the power outage started," said Dave 
Cole, a consultant from Pacifica who was shopping for bolts and screws. "We 
lost maybe 90 percent of the lights, then maybe 10 percent of the lights came 
up. Then I heard a guy saying, 'Get a ladder, get a ladder!' 
"One of the lights on the ceiling had caught on fire, and a couple of people 
were getting ladders and fire extinguishers." 
Store managers whisked everyone out of the store, and Colma firefighters 
arrived to make sure the blaze was extinguished. 
At 11 a.m., Cole was waiting to get back into the store, which was still 
closed. 
"I need my bolts," he said. 
Elsewhere, the San Francisco Fire Department had to rescue people stuck in an 
elevator at 2001 Embarcadero North, said fire department spokesman Pete 
Howes. 
Scores of residents and businesses near the Embarcadero, including the Levi 
Strauss & Co. headquarters, were affected by the blackout. 
At Levi Strauss this morning, Phil Marineau, the president and chief 
executive officer, led his 1,300 employees by example, using only minimal 
lighting for a meeting in his office at 10 a.m. 
Employees were sent e-mails minutes after PG&E's 9:30 a.m. notification that 
a blackout was possible. The e-mails said workers should frequently save work 
on their computers, and that they should remain in the building and stand by 
for further instructions. 
Emergency lighting in hallways and stairwells were operated by generators. 
All elevators descended to the ground floor but one remained operating, 
through a generator. 
"Worked nicely," said Jeff Beckman, a company spokesman. 
Yesterday -- the first day that rolling blackouts returned -- Shannon 
Cashman's home in Walnut Creek was a difficult place to be. 
Cashman's 4-year-old daughter, Madison, suffers from a brain defect that 
stops her from breathing during sleep. The girl depends on a ventilator that 
runs on electricity. 
Recently hospitalized and with a weakened immune system, Madison badly needed 
a nap yesterday afternoon. But when the Cashmans' power went out about noon, 
it meant reading and coloring instead of rest for the girl and a little more 
anxiety than normal for her mother. 
"If this was a major earthquake or something like that and we couldn't use 
the ventilator, we'd take her to the hospital," said the 33-year-old Cashman. 
"Otherwise, we'll just wait for the power to come back on." 
In a stroke of irony yesterday, the lights went out and computer screens went 
dark at the San Francisco offices of the state Public Utilities Commission, 
the agency some people blame for the energy crisis and others look to for the 
solution. 
At a Petco animal store in Redwood City, nocturnal leopard geckos that 
weren't familiar with the state's power woes thought it was night and awoke 
from their routine daytime slumber. 
The geckos clung to the glass of their cages as manager Sally Daine and her 
employees misted lizards and watched frozen mealworms melt. 
"The worst thing is some of the reptiles need heat, but it's so hot, I don't 
think it will matter," she said. 
At Auto Pride Car Wash a few blocks away, Dan Giudici watched as the team of 
employees he supervised washed cars the old-fashioned way -- with buckets and 
hoses. The company's big mechanical car wash went unused. 
Customers didn't seem to mind the manual wash, said Giudici, who was charging 
half-price. But he was running out of towels. 
Even those who hoped they were immune to power problems were affected. 
Palo Alto runs its own utility, but the electricity began winking out about 
12:30 p.m. 
The city depends on a distribution line of the state grid, so it is 
vulnerable to blackouts, said Linda Clerkson, public relations manager for 
Palo Alto Utilities. In addition, the city relies on PG&E for some of its 
power, she said. 
Businesses were caught by surprise. 
"Well, at least it happened in a better time than the morning," said Nick 
Badiee, owner of the Lytton Roasting Co. coffee house. "My toaster went out 
and the coffee began getting cold, so I lost three or four people who walked 
out the door. I'm not angry, yet, but I would say I am concerned." 
For one Milwaukee woman visiting San Francisco, the blackout was an 
unexpected lesson in the problems of electricity deregulation. 
Cindy Wilburth, a financial consultant who advises Wisconsin utilities, came 
to the Bay Area for vacation but left yesterday with important research for 
her job. 
"This has been a huge learning lesson for Wisconsin," Wilburth said as she 
waited for a bus outside the powerless Comfort Inn by the Bay in Cow Hollow. 
Wilburth said her state and others that once eyed deregulation are now 
backing off. 
"It just makes me realize how we've gotten ourselves in a pinch in a free 
economy," she said. 
As she mused about the predicament in which the state has found itself, her 
friend was just thankful to get out of here. 
"I love the cold, compared to this," said Cindy Stuckey of Milwaukee. "At 
least I know I can stay in my home, secure and warm." 
Across the street, at the Travelodge By the Bay, Rolando Gutierrez had 
already lost three guests just an hour into the blackout. 
"This is the richest state and this is a rich city -- plenty of people want 
to come here," he said. "We shouldn't be suffering these blackouts." 
Chronicle staff writers Jaxon Van Derbeken, Mark Martin, Henry K. Lee, 
Michael McCabe, Bernadette Tansey and Marshall Wilson contributed to this 
report. 
,2001 San Francisco Chronicle ? Page?A - 1 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------




Bay Area residents learning to roll with blackouts 
Posted at 9:58 p.m. PST Tuesday, March 20, 2001 
JOHN 
WOOLFOLK 
AND STEVE 
JOHNSON 
Mercury News 

As rolling blackouts swept the state for a second straight day Tuesday, 
Californians already seasoned by droughts and earthquakes were learning to 
live with yet another upheaval: periodic power outages. 
Blackouts are still a novelty in Southern California -- hit for the second 
time Tuesday -- but they're almost routine for Bay Area residents who have 
seen four days of outages this year and now expect many more as temperatures 
rise. Toting flashlights, avoiding certain roads and even shutting off their 
coveted hot tubs, they're adjusting to life in California's new Dark Age. 




?

?
Karen T. Borchers--Mercury News
When the lights went out at Grant Elementary School in San Jose on Tuesday 
morning, teacher Renee Johnson took her second-grade students out to the lawn 
to read to them.

Marjorie Meagher now looks at her clock before taking the elevator she needs 
to get around her two-story San Jose home, fearing she'll get stuck during 
rolling blackouts. 
``They tend to happen on the hour or half-hour, so I try not to use it 
then,'' said Meagher, 74, who is disabled. ``I'm very careful. My own 
personal fear is getting stranded in the elevator.'' 
From 750,000 to about 1 million customers lost power for an hour or so in 
stages Tuesday as a rash of power plant outages and record temperatures in 
San Jose and elsewhere triggered a critical shortage. 
As was the case Monday, when 1.2 million to 1.8 million customers were 
affected, Tuesday's outages were split between the northern and southern 
parts of the state. Blackouts began at 9:30 a.m. and lasted until 2 p.m. when 
authorities obtained extra power from other Western states. Outages were 
considered less likely today. 
But people are preparing anyway. Like low-flow toilets and earthquake kits, 
flashlights and generators may be emerging as another fact of life in the 
Golden State. 
In San Francisco's Inner Sunset district, Han Yong Park had the satisfied 
smile of a well-prepared man having bought a portage generator for his Park's 
Farmers Market five months ago. 
Tuesday morning, the generator churned loudly on the sidewalk, positioned 
between the tomatoes and green beans. Inside, clerks tallied purchases on 
electric cash registers. 
Park motioned down the street, where neon signs were dark and some 
restaurants closed. ``No one else in the area has a generator,'' he said. 
Energy officials say such equipment will come in handy this summer. Power 
supplies are expected to be so strained that Californians should expect many 
more rolling blackouts. 
``I don't want to kid anybody,'' said Patrick Dorinson, spokesman for the 
California Independent System Operator, which manages the power grid for most 
of the state. ``Supplies are very, very tight. When you look at such a big 
state and such a large shortfall, I think we have to prepare ourselves. It's 
very possible that going into this spring and summer we're going to see some 
very difficult days.'' 
Combination of factors 
The multiple causes that conspired to darken California on Tuesday 
underscored the difficulty officials face in keeping the lights on. 
The thermometer shot to record-breaking levels at some locations in the Bay 
Area, driving up power demand. San Jose hit 83, compared with an average 66 
degrees for March 20, and breaking the record high of 80 set in 1960. 
What's more, 12,000 megawatts of power were unavailable because plants had 
shut down for maintenance or because cash-strapped utilities haven't paid 
them. 
And consumer conservation has been spotty. While state energy officials say 
conservation rose from 5 percent in January to 8 percent in February, grid 
managers said this week Californians weren't saving enough energy. They even 
revised their estimate of how much homes a megawatt can power, down from 
1,000 homes to 750 to reflect greater consumption. 
Improved conservation later in the day helped stave off a second wave of 
outages, they said. 
Many shrug off the threat of rolling blackouts. 
``I think I've gotten used to it,'' said Mary Carlson, 58, of San Jose, who 
took her granddaughter for a walk and read the paper during blackouts in 
January. ``I just go with the flow. I'm not going to get too excited about 
it. If they turn the power off, it's no big thing.'' 
Erica Finn, secretary at Acacia Glass in San Francisco, said she wasn't too 
upset when blackouts shut down the credit card machines, electric sanders and 
phones. She bought coffee, pulled a chair into the sun and popped Madonna 
into her portable CD player. 
``I have to brush up on my tan, and get paid for it,'' she said. 
But for others, the consequences are potentially serious. 
At a Palo Alto dental office, the blackouts interrupted root canals for three 
patients. Dentists Darrell Dang, Robert McWilliams and Kurtis Finley inserted 
temporary fillings by hand, rescheduled the procedures, and went to lunch. 
The receptionist used a cell phone to cancel the afternoon's appointments, 
frustrated that there's no way to prevent a repeat of Tuesday's fiasco if the 
blackouts continue. 
A new routine 
Others have taken everyday steps to cope with the threat of losing power. 
Stephen O'Reilly, a 34-year-old San Jose engineer who often drives to see 
clients, said he avoids side streets because blackouts could darken signal 
lights and tie up intersections. 
``I used to take back roads to avoid traffic, but I'm trying to use the 
freeways more because there are no lights,'' said O'Reilly, adding that he's 
shut down his electric hot tub to help conserve power. 
At Pasta Primavera in San Mateo, manager Chris Harris has stocked up on 
candles and has plans to buy a generator for his restaurant. When blackouts 
arrived just before the lunch crowd Tuesday and cut power to ventilation 
fans, he even considered revising his menu, replacing smoke-producing chicken 
and shrimp with simple marinaras and alfredos. 
``I don't know if you'd want to dine with the smell of smoke,'' Harris said 
as customers trickled into his darkened restaurant on Fourth Avenue. ``If 
this is going to continue through the summer, it's going to affect our 
pockets.'' 
San Francisco International Airport, which agreed months ago to shut down its 
massive air conditioners to save power during shortages, is now routinely 
stuffy. 
On Tuesday the temperature reached a steamy 85 degrees inside the airport's 
North Terminal, which serves most of United Airlines' flights. 
``It's become uncomfortable if not intolerable,'' said Ron Wilson, airport 
spokesman. ``It's like getting in a car that's been left in the sun all day. 
It's much hotter inside. .?.?. We've turned on the fans but they're just 
moving the hot air.'' 
Hospitals cut off 
Several hospitals complained they lost power Tuesday, saying they thought 
they were exempt. PG&E said hospitals with sufficient backup generation to 
power themselves can be turned off. But state regulators said they could not 
confirm that statement, and hospital officials scoffed at the suggestion. 
``Every hospital has backup power generation, but it only covers 30 to 40 
percent of the hospital,'' said Roger Richter, a senior vice president with 
the Hospital Council. 
Nonetheless, hospitals are coping with the situation. 
``Our patients are concerned, for sure,'' said Jackie Floyd, head nurse at 
the Satellite Dialysis Center South in San Jose, which lost power. ``But 
while it's a pain, we can handle the blackouts. We're kind of getting the 
idea here that this a problem and we have to adjust.'' 
But while Californians may be adjusting, they're not at all pleased. 
``I'm frustrated with this power thing,'' said Ana Rivera, who manages the 
Wash Club in San Francisco, where washers and dryers had stopped mid-cycle. 
``Who do you blame? No one wants to accept blame.''


Sara Neufeld, Ann Marimow, Kim Vo, Frank Sweeney, Barbara Feder, Aaron Davis, 
Gil Duran, and Dave Beck contributed to this report. 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------






Powerless, again 
Outages were lighter after generators came back online and conservation 
efforts kicked in. Blackouts may be averted today. 
March 21, 2001 
By TONY SAAVEDRA, JOHN HOWARD, CHRIS KNAP and JEFF COLLINS
The Orange County Register 







The Ridgewood Power methane-burning plant at the Olinda Alpha landfill in 
Brea is producing 3.3 megawatts, down from five, because Edison owes it $1.5 
million and cranking up to full power is no longer a priority
Photo: H. Lorren Au Jr. / The Register
?
?

A second day of statewide blackouts ratcheted up the frustration level 
Tuesday on the streets of Orange County and in Sacramento, as consumers 
demanded solutions from politicians unable to give them. 
There was a bit of good news, though: Blackouts may be averted for the rest 
of the week after temperatures moderated, two stalled generators came back 
online and conservation efforts kicked into gear. 
? 





Some Orange County residents took the blackouts in stride. In Mission Viejo, 
above, the West Coast Football Club's under-16 boys team scrimmages under 
gas-powered lights Tuesday. The club has been running to conserve energy 
Photo: Kevin Sullivan / The Register

?
?

Consumers were able to save 900 megawatts - enough to light about 675,000 
homes - by cutting power usage, said Patrick Dorinson, spokesman for the 
Independent System Operator, which oversees 75 percent of the state's 
electricity grid. That helped the ISO halt the blackouts Tuesday afternoon. 
"Californians are back on the conservation trail, and we appreciate it," 
Dorinson said. 
Power regulators Tuesday morning predicted there would be twice as many 
outages as Monday, when more than 1 million consumers statewide lost power in 
one-hour to 90-minute increments. 






Luis Pagan, an assistant at the Santa Ana Animal Shelter, waits out the 
blackout Tuesday with one of the shelter's dogs up for adoption
Photo: Paul E. Rodriguez / The Register
?
?

Beginning at 9:30 a.m. Tuesday, blackouts tangled intersections in Costa 
Mesa, forced Huntington Beach students to study by flashlight and stilled 
cash registers in Santa Ana. About a half-million homes and businesses were 
unplugged statewide before 2 p.m. Power was restored to most of Southern 
California by 11:30 a.m. Outages affected more than 9,200 consumers in Orange 
County. 
The ISO had expected more severe outages to hit at the peak hour of 7 p.m., 
but was able to keep the lights on as downed power plants came back online 
and imports from other states increased. 
While outages were lighter than Monday, the blackouts aggravated consumers 
who doubted that Gov. Gray Davis, lawmakers and electricity officials are 
doing enough to keep the power flowing in California. 
? 





Zulema Avarez, left, and Erica Ramirez said they were caught off-guard when 
the power went out, so they closed the fashion store in Santa Ana where they 
work Photo: Paul E. Rodriguez / The Register

?
?

"I think this is insane," said Charlee Lang, 63, of Costa Mesa. "Gray Davis 
didn't do his job for a long time; he didn't get serious until November. We 
need to demand immediate action be taken." 
Bill Brannick, 65, of Costa Mesa, added: "There's a lot of complicity here 
and we're just innocent victims." 
Davis, in a Sacramento news conference, said he inherited California's failed 
experiment with electricity deregulation, enacted in 1996 under former Gov. 
Pete Wilson. 
"I think a fair assessment of this situation is that we were dealt a pretty 
bad hand here," Davis said. "No (new power) plant was approved in the 12 
years prior to my being governor." 
With summer peak demand expected to be 16,000 megawatts higher than Monday 
and Tuesday, more days of blackouts are forecast for coming months. Though 
Davis has signed long-term contracts to provide California with reliable 
energy, the deals haven't yet taken effect. Some suppliers won't start 
providing electricity until the state reaches a so-far elusive agreement to 
help the utilities pay off billions in debt by buying their transmission 
lines. 
Assembly Republican Leader Bill Campbell, R-Villa Park, said that the effort 
to resolve the "state's energy crisis was floundering in the midst of unpaid 
bills, stalled negotiations and rolling blackouts." 
Tuesday began with 29 percent of California's power supply off line, mostly 
from generating plants suddenly down for unscheduled maintenance. About 3,000 
megawatts was missing from so-called qualifying facilities, or small power 
producers who have not been paid $1.8 billion by cash-strapped utilities and 
say they can't afford to operate. Davis said he would ask the PUC to order 
utilities to begin paying the qualifying facilities for any energy supplied 
beginning April 1, but the payments would not apply to the outstanding debt. 
Some smaller producers threatened to force Edison into involuntary bankruptcy 
if they are not paid soon. 
Blackouts began Tuesday two hours earlier than on Monday, as the ISO called 
on utilities to dump 500 megawatts. It was only the second day of blackouts 
for Southern California, but the fourth for Northern California since 
January. 
The Disney Resort, which includes Disneyland and the new California 
Adventure, voluntarily cut back one megawatt of electricity on Monday and 
again Tuesday, said Anaheim Public Utilities. 
All of the reductions were in backstage areas not seen by guests, said Disney 
spokeswoman Chela Castano-Lenahan. 
In other workplaces, people tried to make do. 
Flashlight beams bobbed in aisles at a Target in Santa Ana, where the power 
stopped at 10:30 a.m. Workers escorted customers, who continued shopping and 
made their purchases at battery-powered cash registers. Customers were 
eventually asked to leave when the batteries ran low. 
"Oh well; no soda, no sunglasses," said one woman as she headed back to her 
car. 
The Metro Pointe shopping center in Costa Mesa also went dark. 
"I was in the middle of making a reservation when everything went out," said 
Peggy Thomas, a sales executive for Travel of America, along South Coast 
Drive. "All of us here went, 'Oh no, it's happened to us.' " 
Said one Costa Mesa police officer, as he headed for his motorcycle and a 
blackout-related fender bender: "You can thank the governor for that one." 
At Hawes Elementary School in Huntington Beach, Principal Marie Smith was 
demonstrating to her third-grade class what would happen in a blackout. But 
before she could flip off the light switch, the power died. 
The kids thought she was joking. 
Register staff writers Tiffany Montgomery, Sarah Tully Tapia, Nancy Luna, Jim 
Radcliffe, Binh Ha Hong, Theresa Salinas, Eric Johnson and Danielle Herubin 
and the Associated Press contributed to this report. 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------






The iceman shunneth effects of hourlong blackout 
March 21, 2001 
By JIM RADCLIFFE
The Orange County Register 







Ken Ackerman, owner of ABC Ice House in Laguna Niguel, checks on his frozen 
inventory during Tuesday morning's rolling blackout. The ice managed to 
endure the hourlong power outage
Photo: Jebb Harris / The Register
?
?

Ken Ackerman didn't sweat much when a blackout struck his Laguna Niguel ice 
business at 10:30 a.m. Tuesday. 
The walk-in freezer at ABC Ice House held 8 tons of ice. And for an hour, the 
temperature in there rose from 20 degrees to 45 degrees. 
But very little melted. 
Ackerman said most refrigerators can handle blackouts as long as outages are 
less than two hours. 
"I think people are going to get used to one-hour blackouts and realize it's 
not a problem,'' Ackerman said. 
The blackouts actually were profitable for Ackerman. 
An Irvine laboratory struck by a power outage bought 100 pounds of dry ice to 
preserve human tissue. 
More blackouts through the summer could be a boon for the ice business - or a 
bust. 
It could mean more ice sales -- or that his supplier has trouble filling his 
orders. 
"It's going to be an interesting summer,'' Ackerman said. 
"I have no idea if we'll make more or less.'' 
Traffic will be the biggest problem if blackouts continue, Ackerman said. 
On Monday, a nearby Costco that had lost power ordered 200 pounds of ice to 
keep its refrigerated goods cold. 
But dead traffic lights and congested roads made it impossible to deliver the 
ice before the outage ended. Costco canceled the sale. 
"We pride ourselves on getting our deliveries made in an hour," Ackerman 
said. 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------






Traffic officials are seeing red over blackouts 
Battery backups are planned by several cities to aid confused drivers. 
March 21, 2001 
By HEATHER LOURIE
The Orange County Register 







Traffic backs up Tuesday at Crown Valley Parkway at Forbes Road in Laguna 
Niguel as drivers had to navigate their own way
Photo: Jebb Harris / The Register
?
?

Toby Tran approached an Aliso Viejo intersection and wasn't sure what to do. 
Ahead of him, the traffic signal was dark, a casualty of the rolling 
blackouts that struck Orange County on Monday and Tuesday. 
So Tran kept driving, smacking into an oncoming car at the corner of Aliso 
Creek and Enterprise. 
"It just happened," a shaken Tran, 29, said from his Aliso Viejo home. "I 
tried to stop and I couldn't. There was no light. Nothing." 
Tran's accident Monday afternoon, and several others like it, underscore one 
of the most significant dangers looming in the threat of future blackouts. 
Traffic signals that fade to black when the power goes out, instead of 
converting to flashing red, make wrecks far more likely because drivers 
become confused and frustrated, traffic engineers and experts said Tuesday. 
"I didn't know what to do," said Tran, who was on his way to a high school 
jogging track. "Luckily I'm alive, but I'm very scared." 
On Day 2 of Southern California's power outages, worried city officials 
across Orange County hunted for ways to respond to paralyzed intersections 
when state regulators pull the plug. 
"We need to be ready," said Hamid Bahadori, traffic engineer in the city of 
Orange. "This thing is only going to get worse in July and August." 
One popular idea: installing emergency battery-backup units at traffic 
signals to keep lights flashing red during blackouts. Several Orange County 
cities, including Irvine, Laguna Niguel and Orange, are already moving to 
install the devices as early as this summer. 
"In our minds, (a flashing light) is a vast improvement over a blacked-out 
signal," said Dave Rogers, Laguna Niguel traffic engineer. On Tuesday night, 
his city was expected to approve the purchase of the battery packs for all 74 
of its traffic signals. 
"Timing, in this case, seems to be everything," Rogers said. "A lot of cities 
had contemplated it. We just took it that extra step." 
John Thai, an Anaheim traffic engineer, cautioned that cities need to do 
adequate research and testing before they launch into such projects. 
"There is nothing that is foolproof," Thai said. "All this is new territory." 
Some cities are also considering rolling out temporary stop signs and sending 
police officers to more intersections. 
Although the state's vehicle code requires motorists to treat dead traffic 
signals like a four-way stop, motorists often blow through the intersections, 
police said. 
"It's dangerous," said Tustin police Lt. Mike Shanahan, after several 
near-wrecks in his city during Monday's outages. "People are not very good at 
reacting to changes in their conditions. 
"Flashing red is something that catches your eye. It's a warning that 
something is amiss, but the absence of all lights is worse." 











RELATED STORIES 
 How to contact your Representatives
 'Current' events
 The iceman shunneth effects of hourlong blackout
 Powerless, again
 Alternative power producers cut back or shut down as payments from big 
utilities lag
 O.C. saves its energy -- for blaming others
 Blackout readiness on agenda










------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------







Alternative power producers cut back or shut down as payments from big 
utilities lag 
That is a factor in blackouts 
March 21, 2001 
By HANH KIM QUACH
The Orange County Register 
Every megawatt of electricity counts in this deregulated energy market - 
including the five megawatts generated from the Olinda Alpha landfill in 
Brea. 
The methane-burning plant is producing only 3.3 megawatts now because 
Southern California Edison owes it $1.5 million and cranking up to full power 
is no longer a priority, said Martin Quinn, executive vice president of 
Ridgewood Power, which runs the plant. 
"We're doing maintenance now when we ordinarily wouldn't do it. Because we're 
not being paid, it was a good time to cut back,'' Quinn said. 
That scenario has been playing out across the state in the past two weeks and 
was a major factor in Monday's and Tuesday's blackouts. 
Those who provide electricity through alternative means - burning methane or 
wood chips, or using cleaner-burning technology with traditional fossil fuels 
- are not being paid for what they sell to the big utilities. So they either 
can't afford to produce energy or see little incentive to do so. 
On Monday, their absence from the statewide electricity grid created a 
1,300-megawatt shortfall -- enough to power 1.3 million homes. 
Taking that much power offline meant that any burp in the system would put 
the state under the minimum amount of electricity needed to avoid blackouts. 
When one conventional Southern California plant went down because of a 
transformer fire Monday, the blackouts began. 
"If all of California's (alternative) generators were operating yesterday and 
today, rolling blackouts would have been avoided,'' Quinn said Tuesday. 
Within the next couple of weeks, as the weather warms and alternative energy 
producers continue to try and operate without money, California could see 
twice as many of those producers go offline, further increasing the potential 
for blackouts, said Jan Smutny-Jones, executive director of Independent 
Energy Producers. 
The alternative energy producers, which provide about a third of the state's 
energy, are deemed so crucial that Gov. Gray Davis wants the Public Utilities 
Commission to order the utilities to pay them. As drafted, though, the order 
would only include payment on future sales; it doesn't address existing debt. 
The Legislature has been working since January to halve the rates that 
alternative producers charge utilities and to require utilities to pay for 
November's energy by April 1. But that bill is still moving through the 
Legislature. 
Small plants threaten Edison with bankruptcy 
Smutny-Jones said that if the small generators are not paid promptly, several 
will attempt to force Edison into bankruptcy, probably within a week. 
Unlike the large natural-gas generators that have been paid by the state 
Department of Water Resources, alternative energy producers are locked into 
contracts with utilities. Collectively, Pacific Gas & Electric and Edison owe 
alternative energy producers about $1 billion. 
PG&E has paid about 15 cents for each dollar it owes. 
"Obviously, they're a source of generation, and looking at how much load our 
customers need, they're a source that has provided energy,'' said Jon 
Tremayne, Pacific Gas & Electric spokesman. "We've been trying, in good 
faith, to make payments on energy.'' 
But Edison has not paid any money. Edison's alternative energy director, Lars 
Bergmann, said the company will not pay until larger reforms are made in how 
the producers' rates are calculated. 
But the company recognizes that its nonpayment is causing problems. 
"To the extent that there are hundreds of megawatts that are idled here, it 
just exacerbates the (energy) problem. ... They're facing similar problems to 
what we faced - they don't have sufficient (income) coming in the door,'' 
Bergmann said. 
Plants go into mothball mode 
Millenium Energy in Kern County is owed $40 million total by PG&E and Edison. 
On March 1, the company shut down both of its coal and petroleum coke-burning 
plants and doesn't plan to bring them back up until it is paid. 
Millenium's plants, which use a special technology to reduce emissions, 
generate 150 megawatts of energy. 
"We've gone into mothball mode; our machinery just sits there on cold 
standby,'' said President Mike Hawkins. "We've been delivering free electrons 
to the system in the hope that the system would resolve itself. But we can't 
do that anymore." 
One biomass plant in Lassen County has scaled back from 31 megawatts to 
eight. Burney Forest Power burns wood chips to produce energy and has only a 
couple weeks' supply of chips left. 
"When you don't even know what you'll get paid, it's hard to say, 'Let's go 
out and get a bunch of fuel,''' said Milt Schultz, the plant's general 
manager. 
"The sad thing is, (the state) really can't afford to lose us.'' 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------






O.C. saves its energy -- for blaming others 
March 21, 2001 
By RICHARD CHANG
The Orange County Register 







Darkened stores were forced to turn away customers, as stock manager 
Bridgette Kelly, left, does here at a Linens 'n Things in Costa Mesa. The 
store closed for 45 minutes Tuesday morning
Photo: Michael Kitada / The Orange County Register
?
?

Orange County residents are making efforts, large and small, to conserve 
electricity as they face rolling blackouts and surging energy bills. 
Reactions to the early spring crisis - with blackouts throughout the state 
Monday and Tuesday - are ranging from confusion to rage. 
Many residents have taken practical steps, such as turning off lights they're 
not using, waiting until off-peak hours to do their laundry and opening 
windows instead of using air conditioning. 
"My house is full of Philips energy-saving light bulbs," said Ray Rutledge, 
48, of Buena Park. "Our light bill has dropped 7 1/2 percent. We use 
low-voltage outdoor lighting. We've got an energy-saving thermostat. It's set 
back to 65 (degrees) in the wintertime." 
Kim Wilson, who lives in an unincorporated area of Orange County near Santa 
Ana and Tustin, said he has cut down on lighting in his house and has reduced 
by half the time his pool cleaner runs. Still, his energy bill remains about 
$400 a month. 
"I don't know what ... to do," Wilson, 57, said. "We've cut back." 
Wilson added that he is not pleased with the way government or the energy 
companies have handled the crisis. 
"I think it's disgusting. It's such political garbage. Who was it that made 
these decisions? Who got us into it?" 
'TRYING TO CONSERVE' 
Jenny Hann, 60, of Costa Mesa said her workplace has devised an emergency 
plan for conservation and future blackouts. 
"We're definitely trying to conserve as much as we can," the bank 
administrator said. Hann expressed frustration with the energy companies. 
"When you see these executives that have been running the show and the money 
they're making, it's bothersome," she said. 
Jennifer Souto, 27, of Tustin said even though she's a stay-at-home mother, 
she keeps the lights off all day. She doesn't use her air conditioning, 
either. 
Souto said she was locked out of her house for 90 minutes Monday because a 
blackout cut power to her garage door. She says she's not sure who to blame. 
Paul Finch, 38, of Westminster blames Edison and Gov. Gray Davis. 
"I don't believe info I get from Edison or from our illustrious governor," 
Finch said. "There's more to it than how they've represented it." 




















------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------







Blackout readiness on agenda 
O.C. companies braced for outages Tuesday in different ways. Not all were 
struck, but they felt the effects. 
March 21, 2001 
By TAMARA CHUANG
The Orange County Register 
In case of a power failure Tuesday, the Fluor Corp. in Aliso Viejo stocked 
elevators with homemade blackout kits, filled with cookies, flashlights and 
bottles of water. 
"They're in the elevators, although we've been told not to use the 
elevators," said Lori Serrato, a company spokeswoman. "We're using the 
stairwells, waiting for our time of darkness." 
Tales of anxious preparation were more common than actual blackouts for 
Orange County businesses Tuesday. 
Edison told some companies, as special power users who've agreed to cut back 
when asked, to expect to do so. Conexant Systems Inc. got a warning from 
Edison and immediately shut down air conditioning and equipment not in use, 
and stopped production. The blackout never came. 
Kingston Technology Co., when notified by Edison on Tuesday morning, 
broadcast the warning on the company intercom. The company also e-mailed 
employees a guide explaining the blackout. 
"It's already affected productivity. We've been busy getting all our e-mails 
out before it happens," said Heather Jardin, a spokeswoman for the Fountain 
Valley computer memory maker. 
Kingston still had power by day's end, but in an emergency, the company's 
manufacturing plants revert to Kingston's own power generators, Jardin said. 
Heart valve maker Edwards Lifesciences turned on its backup generators 
Tuesday morning, "because of the potential for there to be a blackout in our 
area," said company spokesman Scott Nelson. But (as of 3:30 p.m.) the 
blackout didn't materialize, Nelson said. 
At the regional office in Irvine, Verizon Wireless implemented conservation 
efforts, such as motion sensors that shut off lights after 30 minutes of 
inactivity, and separate heating and air conditioning units on all floors. 
Some of the company's cell sites in Orange County and Los Angeles did lose 
power Monday and Tuesday, but they automatically switched to backup battery 
sources. 
Other companies - PacifiCare, ICN Pharmaceuticals, Beckman Coulter and 
Allergan - said they took precautions, turning out some hallway lights and 
communicating safety procedures to employees. 
Disneyland, Ingram Micro in Santa Ana and Western Digital Corp. in Lake 
Forest all were prepared. 
But none reported blackouts by day's end. 
Some county businesses did get hit. 
Businesses along the 900 block of South Coast Drive - including 14 stores at 
the Metro Point shopping center in Costa Mesa - went dark about 10:20 a.m. 
"All of a sudden it was dark," said Henry Gonzalez, manager of Boudin Bakery. 
"We ran out of coffee. We couldn't bake anything. We tried to accommodate as 
best as we can." 
Other stores simply closed during the blackout, frustrating shoppers. 
"We walked over to (Marshalls) and it was dark and there was a sign on the 
door that said 'Due to the blackout, we're closed,'" said shopper Roberta 
Allison, a West Virginia tourist. "Don't they warn people here? Do they just 
whack the power off?" 
Marshalls employees escorted customers out of the store when the power went 
out. Other stores, including Nordstrom Rack and Best Buy, were not affected. 
Across the street from the center, employees spilled out of office buildings 
cheering and waving their hands in victory as power outages forced them to 
halt work. 
"Lots of people just walked out of the office to run errands," said Amy 
Bateman, a loan officer at Capital Funding Group in Costa Mesa. 
She said her office building, at 940 South Coast Drive, went dark for about 
70 minutes. Like dozens of others in the building, she was working at her 
desk when the computers and lights went dark. 
"We've just been sitting around. We can't do anything," said Bateman. 
The blackout hit other businesses on Monday. 
Buy.com employees spent their hour without power using their wireless 
Blackberry pagers to answer and send e-mail. 
The Crazy Horse Steakhouse in Irvine lost power after the lunch rush, said 
Donna Mulkey, the restaurant's manager. Since the broilers remained hot, the 
cooks kept cooking and the customers kept eating. When they finished, waiters 
calculated the bills by hand. 
At Broadcom Corp. in Irvine, the power went out just before Rep. Christopher 
Cox was to tour the facility. 
"It struck me as particularly ironic," Cox told members of the House 
subcommittee on energy and air quality Tuesday, that Broadcom's co-founder, 
Henry Samueli, "spent the hour before the meeting using a letter opener to 
open his paper mail and sitting by the window so he could get some sunlight 
to read." 
Cox, R-Newport Beach, told the panel, which was holding a hearing on 
California's electricity crisis, that "the entire company could not function 
during this period of time and the same was true for more than a million 
people," he said. "It's a Third World experience in California." 
Register reporters Chris Farnsworth, Dena Bunis, Bernard Wolfson, Nancy Luna, 
Eric Johnson, Elizabeth Aguilera and Jennifer Hieger contributed to this 
story. 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------
Calif To Order Utils To Pay Small Generators Up Front-Gov

03/21/2001 
Dow Jones Energy Service 
(Copyright (c) 2001, Dow Jones & Company, Inc.) 
SACRAMENTO, Calif. (AP)-- California regulators will order the state's two 
largest utilities to pay small, independent power generators in advance, a 
move Gov. Gray Davis hopes will bring a quick end to the blackouts that 
darkened California this week. 
Davis accused PG&E Corp. (PCG) unit Pacific Gas & Electric Co. and Edison 
International (EIX) unit Southern California Edison of taking in money from 
customers while failing to pay the generators, known as qualifying 
facilities, which produce up to one-third of the state's power. As a result, 
he said, the utilities are partly responsible for this week's blackouts. 
"It's wrong and irresponsible of the utilities to pocket this money and not 
pay the generators," the governor said at a Capitol news conference Tuesday 
evening. "They've acted irresponsibly and immorally and it has to stop." 
The state lost about 3,100 megawatts, or enough electricity to power 3.1 
million homes, on Tuesday from alternative energy plants that say they can't 
afford to keep operating because the utilities haven't paid their bills in 
weeks. The utilities, which are near bankruptcy, owe the QFs about $1 
billion. Pacific Gas & Electric has made partial payments. 
As reported by Dow Jones Newswires, Southern California Edison met with 
representatives of the governor Tuesday to discuss plans to begin making 
partial payments to the QFs. Pacific Gas & Electric , which called Davis' 
statements "inappropriate and unjustified," said it has informed the QFs and 
the governor's office that it plans to begin paying the QFs in full going 
forward. 
Davis said the PUC planned to issue an order next week directing the 
utilities to prepay future bills to the QFs. 
Edison and PG&E say they have lost more than $13 billion since last June to 
climbing wholesale electricity prices, which the state's 1996 deregulation 
law prevents them from passing on to ratepayers. California has been spending 
about $45 million a day since January to buy power for the utilities' 
customers, but hasn't included QF-generated power in its purchases. 
Keepers of the state's power grid were cautiously optimistic that California 
might get through Wednesday without another day of rolling blackouts after 
two idle plants were returned to service. A Stage 1 power alert, the mildest 
of three forms of alerts, was called around 6 a.m. Wednesday as power 
reserves fell to around 7 percent. 
About a half-million customers were hit by Tuesday's blackouts, which snarled 
traffic and plunged schools and businesses into darkness from San Diego to 
the Oregon border. Tuesday's outages began at 9:30 a.m. and continued in 
90-minute waves until about 2 p.m., when the ISO lifted its blackout order. 
They were blamed for at least one serious traffic accident. 
The blackouts were caused by a combination of problems, including 
unseasonably warm weather, reduced electricity imports from the Pacific 
Northwest, numerous power plants being shut down for repairs and the loss of 
power from QFs. 
Meanwhile, a leading lawmaker on energy issues said the PUC may soon have to 
raise rates by about 15% to cover the state's costs and its utilities' bills. 
"My sense is that people will appreciate having some certainty and being able 
to plan for it," said Assemblyman Fred Keeley. "They don't have to like it, 
but I think they'll appreciate it." 
Davis has said he is confident the utilities and the state can pay their 
bills without further rate increases. 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------
PG&E Says It Is Negotiating With Qualifying Facilities

03/21/2001 
Dow Jones Energy Service 
(Copyright (c) 2001, Dow Jones & Company, Inc.) 
(This article was originally published Tuesday) 
   
LOS ANGELES -(Dow Jones)- PG&E Corp. (PCG) unit Pacific Gas and Electric Co. 
said Tuesday it is offering small generators, or "qualifying facilities", 
prepayment of $200 million per month so they will have the funds to return to 
the state power grid. 
But high level sources at the qualifying facilities who are involved in the 
negotiations said PG&E's proposal is incomplete and doesn't address the issue 
of past due payments. 
The sources said PG&E had discussions with some qualifying facility operators 
last week regarding the plan and it wasn't accepted at that time. 
About 3,000 megawatts of power from qualifying facilities, or QFs, have been 
off the state's grid since Monday because the generators weren't being paid 
by utilities and couldn't afford to continue operating. The QFs unavailable 
power was partly responsible for Monday and Tuesday's statewide rolling 
blackouts. 
Also Tuesday, California Gov. Gray Davis will hold a press conference to 
discuss progress made in negotiations with the QFs to revise their contracts 
with the state's two nearly-bankrupt utilities so that the utilities pay less 
for power. 
Edison International (EIX) unit Southern California Edison also said Tuesday 
it intends to make partial payments on an ongoing basis to some QFs. 
Edison executives met with Gov. Gray Davis' negotiating team Tuesday to 
discuss how and when SoCal Ed can begin to make payments, and a spokesman 
said they hope to have a plan in a matter of days. 
Pacific Gas & Electric Co. has made partial payments of about $51 million to 
the QFs it contracts with, but owes much more. Edison owes the QFs hundreds 
of millions of dollars and hasn't paid the QFs since November. Together, the 
two utilities owe QFs about $1 billion. 
PG&E said it has been collecting about $400 million per month from ratepayers 
to pay QFs and other generators with which it has bilateral contracts, the 
state grid operator for spot power purchases, and costs of its own 
generation. 
The average combined bill for those costs exceeds $1.4 billion per month, 
PG&E said. 
"This mismatch between revenues and costs requires tough choices. Since there 
isn't enough money in rates to cover all these costs, the Public Utilities 
Commission decision on how this $400 million will be allocated going forward 
will determine our ability to make advance payments to QFs," said Gordon R. 
Smith, the utility's president and CEO. 
The PUC is responsible for implementing the legislation which allows the 
state to buy power and will decide how much of utilities' ratepayer revenue 
will go to the state for power purchases and how much will go to the 
utilities. 
For several weeks, a number of QFs have taken their generating units offline 
because they can no longer afford to buy fuel needed to run their units. 
QFs supply California with one-third of its total power supply. 
PG&E and SoCal Ed have almost $13 billion in purchased power undercollections 
because they cannot collect full costs from customers protected by a 
state-mandated rate freeze. 
-By Jessica Berthold, Dow Jones Newswires; 323-658-3872; 
jessicaberthold@dowjones.com 
-(Jason Leopold contributed to this article.) 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------
Wednesday, March 21, 2001 


By Dave Todd 
dtodd@ftenergy.com 
U.S. Energy Secretary Spencer Abraham declared this week that the Big Apple 
is on the verge of being bitten hard by power cuts and rising energy prices.

Delivering the keynote address at the U.S. Chamber of Commerce's national 
energy summit in Washington Monday, Abraham said, "California is not the only 
state facing a mismatch between supply and demand," what with "electricity 
shortages predicted for New York City and Long Island this summer" and low 
capacity margins threatening electricity reliability elsewhere across the 
country. But how likely is it that New Yorkers will face blackouts of the 
sort confronting Californians? 

Not very, says energy trade specialist Edward Krapels, managing director of 
Boston-based METIS Trading Advisors. Krapels, a consultant helping major 
Northeastern utilities, such as Consolidated Edison, design market-hedging 
programs, adamantly decried what he said are facile comparisons between 
conditions in New York and California, there being "more differences than 
there are similarities" between those two industrial cornerstones of the 
country's economy in respect to energy security management. 

"First of all, New York has a more varied portfolio of energy generation 
sources than California," he said. California has hydro, nuclear and gas, but 
when it lost a lot of hydro, the state needed gas to pick up the slack, and 
the "capacity just wasn't there." In New York's case, the state has oil and 
coal still in the mix and its overall dependence on gas is much lower than 
California's, Krapels added. 

New York avoids making same mistakes
Portfolio diversity is one pillar of any effective plan to help New York 
avoid the same errors made in redesigning California's marketplace. New 
York's Independent System Operator (ISO), in a new report warning that the 
state is at an "energy crossroads" in terms of its capacity adequacy in the 
immediate future, argues that a concerted effort is required to arrest 
declining in-state generation capacity reserve margins, and a strategy must 
be put in place, whether or not new generation comes on-line, in accordance 
with current anticipated scenarios. 

A measure of New York's essential difficulty is that, between 1995 and 2000, 
statewide demand for electricity grew 2,700 MW, while generating capacity 
expanded by only 1,060 MW. With no major new generating plants in downstate 
New York fully approved, the gap is expected to continue to widen. To avoid 
"a replication of California's market meltdown" the New York ISO calculates 
the state's daily generating capacity needs to grow by 8,600 MW by 2005, with 
more than half of that located in New York City and on Long Island. 
Expressing concern this may be too big a burden for the current bureaucratic 
process to bear, the ISO wants to see a state-appointed ombudsman named to 
help would-be merchant power plant investors plow through red tape. 

"Increasing New York's generating capacity will also lessen the state's 
escalating and risky reliance on out-of-state sources of electricity," the 
ISO added. "Since 1999, New York State has been unable to cover its reserve 
requirements from in-state sources." 

Not everyone agrees with that analysis, insofar as it argues for circling the 
wagons inward. Some analysts believe the ultimate solution lies not in tying 
in more inwardly dedicated power, but in expanding the marketplace by 
breaking down inter-jurisdictional barriers. In any case, New York energy 
regulatory authorities and those responsible elsewhere in the U.S. Northeast, 
such as PJM (Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland) Interconnection and the New 
England Power Pool, are in vastly better shape in terms of "cross-border" 
cooperation than California and its neighbors in that efforts are being made 
among various authorities toward developing an integrated regional 
electricity market. In California, by contrast, the state's focus*for 
example, in the case of new gas-fired power plant development*has been to 
ensure dedicated supply to the California market alone, rather than on a 
regional marketplace. 



The New York ISO's new broad-based analysis of market-restructuring needs 
argues that the relatively stronger health of its reformed environment is 
"due in large part to the ability of New York's utilities to enter into 
long-term power contracts." 

What needs to be done most, it says, is to move aggressively to build some of 
the more than 29,000 MW of "proposed new generation in the siting pipeline." 

In the meantime, the 30,200 MW of electricity New Yorkers used on a peak day 
last summer shouldn't be eclipsed on too many days this coming summer (given 
early long-range weather forecasts). Demand, however, is expected to increase 
at an annual average rate of up to 1.4%. 

So while New York City, the rest of the state and adjacent parts might 
breathe easy this year, it could be a brief rest from the fray. Meanwhile, a 
4% shortfall is still being planned for this summer that is not yet provided 
for, as authorities hurriedly seek to arrange new generation plants around 
Manhattan, on Long Island and even on barges offshore. 

One way or another, whether it is the weather or the politics of siting new 
energy facilities, it's going to be a hot time in the city. 

Long-term solutions hit brick wall
Meanwhile, attempts at longer-term solutions continue to run into trouble. 
Last week, Connecticut state regulators came out against a proposal to run a 
new underwater cable under Long Island Sound that Hydro-Quebec subsidiary 
TransEnergie U.S. Ltd. wants to build to pump more juice into Long Island 
Power Authority's load pocket. Despite strong promises from TransEnergie to 
be diligent in avoiding damage to oyster beds in Long Island Sound, the 
proposal failed to convince authorities, who were persuaded the pipeline 
project could lead to diversion of electricity from Connecticut. 

In similar fashion, private companies wanting to build 10 small independent 
power plants and temporary generators offshore New York City are running into 
intense opposition from environmental groups and citizen organizations*some 
of whom have taken their cases to the state assembly in Albany. 

The David vs. Goliath nature of such controversies has further alerted energy 
companies to the difficulties of addressing complex energy supply issues that 
may ultimately devolve to people not wanting things in their backyard, 
regardless of what the alternative might mean to their fellow citizens or the 
greater public good. 

But suddenly, in New York, California's troubles*while still distant in their 
intensity* may not be so far away. By some estimates, this summer's bills for 
Consolidated Edison customers could be up as much as one third or more over 
last year's charges. 

Letting the time slip when it comes to building new infrastructure isn't 
going to make the pain go away.