Beyond the Comfort Zone: Emerging Solutions to Overcome Challenges in Integrating LLMs into Software Products

kaestner@cs.cmu.edu (N. Nahar, C. Kästner, J. Butler, C. Parnin, T. Zimmermann, C. Bird)
Thu, 11 Dec 2025 09:54:38 GMT

Nadia Nahar, Christian Kästner, Jenna Butler, Chris Parnin, Thomas Zimmermann, and Christian Bird. Beyond the Comfort Zone: Emerging Solutions to Overcome Challenges in Integrating LLMs into Software Products. In Proceedings of the Proc. International Conference on Software Engineering -- Software Engineering in Practice Track (ICSE-SEIP), pages 516--527, April 2025.

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded into software products across diverse industries, enhancing user experiences, but at the same time introducing numerous challenges for developers. Unique characteristics of LLMs force developers, who are accustomed to traditional software development and evaluation, out of their comfort zones as the LLM components shatter standard assumptions about software systems. This study explores the emerging solutions that software developers are adopting to navigate the encountered challenges. Leveraging a mixed-method research, including 26 interviews and a survey with 332 responses, the study identifies 19 emerging solutions regarding quality assurance that practitioners across several product teams at Microsoft are exploring. The findings provide valuable insights that can guide the development and evaluation of LLM-based products more broadly in the face of these challenges.