Time Qualifiers


How to use Time Qualifiers

After the start of …

Intended Use:

Use this qualifier when the only information known is the relative starting time of two events, i.e., that Event A starts after the start of Event B. If any of the information specified under "What we don't necessarily know" is also known, the respective, more specific qualifer should then be used.

What we know:

What we don't necessarily know (i.e., subsumed, overlapping, or related qualifiers):

  1. How long after the start of Event B Event A starts.
    Subsumed Qualifier: "[X time] after the start of…"
  2. Whether Event A starts after the conclusion of Event B.
    Subsumed Qualifer: "After the conclusion of…"
  3. Whether Event A starts immediately after the conclusion of Event B.
    Subsumed Qualifier: "Immediately after the conclusion of…"
  4. If Event A starts after the conclusion of Event B, how long after tnclusion of Event B.

  5. Subsumed Qualifier: "[X time] after the conclusion of…"
  6. Whether Event A overlaps with the endinEvent B.

  7. Subsumed Qualifier: "Ends…"

References:

58-1 [5], 60-9-A [4, 5], 60-9-B [3, 4], 61-9 [12, 13], 62-12 [3, 6], 63-6 [4, 5, 6, 7], 64-10 [4], 69-10 [6, 12, 13], 72-4 [5, 11, 15, 16, 17], 72-11 [8, 9], 75-3 [3], 75-11 [2, 5], 76-3 [6, 7, 8], 76-5 [6, 8, 12], 77-11 [4, 7, 16], 79-2 [4, 7, 8], 79-5 [2, 3, 4, 7], 83-1 [3], 84-1 [3], 84-3 [5], 84-6 [2, 3, 5], 85-4 [4, 5], 85-5 [2], 85-6 [3, 4, 7], 86-5 [3, 5, 9, 10], 87-3 [2], 87-5 [2], 88-1 [4], 88-7 [5], 89-2 [2], 89-4 [3, 11], 89-5 [3, 4, 9], 90-2 [4, 5], 90-3 [6, 8], 90-4 [5], 90-7 [4], 91-5 [3, 5, 6, 9], 92-1 [2, 8], 92-2 [4, 8, 9], 92-6 [2], 92-9 [2, 4, 7, 8]


Starts at the same time as …

Intended Use:

Use this qualifier when the only information known is that Events A and B start at the same time. If it is also known that Events A and B occur over precisely the same time period, use the more specific qualifier "Occurs concurrently with…" If it is also known that Event B has a longer duration than Event A, i.e., Event B subsumes Event A, use the qualifier "Occurs during…" / "Occurs as part of …"

What we know:

What we don't necessarily know (i.e., subsumed, overlapping, or related qualifiers):

  1. Whether Event A and Event B have precisely the same duratioi>
    Related Qualifier: "Occurs concurrently with…"
  2. Whether Event A occurs during Event B, i.e., Event B could occur during Event A.
    Overlapping Qualifier: "Occurs during…" / "Occurs as part of …"

References:

61-9 [5], 64-10 [6]


[X time] after the start of …

Intended Use:

Use this qualifier when the only information known is: (1) Event A starts after the start of Event B and (2) the specific amount of time between the start of Event A and the start of Event B. If it is also known that Event B subsumes Event A, use the qualifier "Occurs during…" / "Occurs as part of …"

What we know:

  1. Event A starts a specific amount of time after Event B starts.
  2. Assume that there is some overlap in the durations of Events A and B. That is, we know that Event A doesn't start after the conclusion of Event B.

What we don't necessarily know (i.e., subsumed, overlapping, or related qualifiers):

References:

69-10 [5], 72-11 [6, 7], 77-11 [13, 14], 79-5 [6], 84-3 [7], 89-2 [3]


After the conclusion of …

Intended Use:

Use this qualifier when the only information known is that Event A starts after the conclusion of Event B. If it is also known that Event A starts immediately after the conclusion of Event B, use the more specific qualifier "Immediately after the conclusion of …" If it is also known that Event A starts a specified amount of time after the conclusion of Event B, use the more specific qualifier "[X time] after the conclusion of…"

What we know:

What we don't necessarily know (i.e., subsumed, overlapping, or related qualifiers):

  1. Whether Event A starts immediately after the conclusion of Event B.
    Subsumed Qualifier: "Immediately after the conclusion of…"
  2. Specifically how long after the conclusion of Event B Event A starts
    Subsumed Qualifier: "[X time] after the conclusion of…"

References:

58-1 [4, 6, 7, 9], 60-9-C [5], 61-9 [9, 10], 63-6 [6, 7], 64-10 [7], 65-9 [4, 8, 9, 13], 67-1 [5, 6], 69-10 [9, 11], 71-4 [3, 4, 5, 6, 12, 13], 72-11 [5, 10], 75-3 [5, 6], 75-11 [3, 8, 9], 76-3 [9], 76-5 [5, 7, 11], 79-2 [5, 6, 9, 11, 12], 83- 1 [4, 5, 7], 84-1 [5, 7], 84-3 [4, 7, 9], 84-6 [7, 8], 85-4 [2, 11], 85-5 [8, 9], 85-6 [5, 6], 86-5 [6, 7, 8, 11], 86-6 [5, 8], 87-3 [7, 8, 9], 87-5 [3], 88-1 [3, 5, 6], 88-2 [7, 8, 9], 88-7 [6, 8, 10], 89-4 [5, 6, 9], 90-2 [6, 9], 90-3 [7], 91-5 [12], 91-6 [10], 92-4 [6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12], 92-6 [6, 7, 9, 10 , 11, 13]


Immediately after the conclusion of …

Intended Use:

Use this qualifier when we know that Event A starts immediately after the conclusion of Event B. If the only information known is that Event A starts sometime after the conclusion of Event B (i.e., it is not known whether Event A starts immediately after Event B) use the more general qualifier "After the conclusion of …"

What we know:

What we don't necessarily know (i.e., subsumed, overlapping, or related qualifiers):

References:

58-1 [8], 60-9-A [7, 9], 60-9-B [5], 60-9-C [7], 69-10 [10], 72-4 [10], 77-11 [11], 84-3 [2, 8], 89-2 [4], 90-4 [6], 92-2 [10, 12]


[X time] after the conclusion of …

Intended Use:

Use this qualifier when we know that Event A starts a specific amount of time after the conclusion of Event B. If the only information known is that Event A starts after the conclusion of Event B (i.e., the specific time lag between Event A and Event B is not known), use the more general qualifier "After the conclusion of …"

What we know:

What we don't necessarily know (i.e., subsumed, overlapping, or related qualifiers):

References:

72-4 [13], 83-1 [6], 84-3 [4, 10], 89-2 [6, 7], 89-4 [4], 89-5 [8], 91-6 [6], 92-1 [7], 92-2 [11]


Ends …

Intended Use:

Use this qualifier when Event A signifies, or triggers, the end of Event B. For instance, use it in the following situation:

	1. Engineer A is employed by Company X
	2. Engineer A resigns from Company X        Ends 1

Typically, the type of "terminating event" represented by 2, above, cannot be specifically defined as occuring before, during, or after the "terminated event." But the duration of the "terminating event" clearly overlaps, in some way, with the end time of the "terminated event."

What we know:

  1. Event A starts after the start of Event B.
  2. Event A either finishes, meets, or overlaps with the conclusion of Event B.

What we don't necessarily know (i.e., subsumed, overlapping, or related qualifiers):

  1. Whether Event A starts after the conclusion of Event B.
    Overlapping Qualifier: "After the conclusion of…"
    Subsumed Qualifier: "Immediately after the conclusion of…"
  2. Whether Event A occurs during Event B.
    Overlapping Qualifier: "Occurs during…" / "Occurs as part of…"

References:

58-1 [8], 60-9-C [4], 61-9 [8, 10], 69-10 [10], 71-4 [4], 72-4 [9, 11], 72-11 [4, 6, 8, 10], 76-5 [3, 10], 77-11 [6, 9, 10], 83-1 [6], 84-1 [4], 85-4 [9], 85-5 [7], 86-5 [10, 11], 87-3 [4], 89-2 [7], 89-4 [8], 89-5 [7], 91-6 [4, 9, 11], 92-9 [9, 10]


Occurs during … / Occurs as part of …

Intended Use:

Use this qualifier when it is known that Event A occurs during, or as part of, Event B. Two possible phrasings are provided because there are some situations in which "during" sounds more appropriate and other situations in which "part of" sounds more appropriate. This qualifier should be favored over 3 of the 4 qualifiers that overlap with it, i.e., "Starts at the same time as …", "[X time] after the start of …", and "After the start of …" In particular, if the relationship between the start times of Events A and B is known, but it is also known that Event A occurs fully within the duration of Event B, the "Occurs during…" / "Occurs as part of…" qualifier should be used instead of the other possible qualifiers. The only exception is the "Ends" qualifier. The "Ends" qualifier should always be used in cases in which one event logically demarcates the termination of another.

What we know:

  1. The duration of Event A occurs within (or as part of) the duration of Event B.
  2. Event A does not occur concurrently with Event B.

What we don't necessarily know (i.e., subsumed, overlapping, or related qualifiers):

  1. Whether Event A starts at the same time as Event B.
    Overlapping Qualifier: "Starts at the same time as …"
  2. Whether Event A concludes at the same time that Event B concludes.
    Overlapping Qualifiers: "Ends …", "[X time] after the start of …", "After the start of…"

References:

58-1 [3], 60-9-A [6, 7, 8, 9], 60-9-C [2, 3, 6, 7], 61-9 [4, 6, 7, 8, 11], 62-12 [5, 7], 63-6 [8, 9, 10, 11], 64-10 [5, 7, 8], 65-9 [4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12], 67-1 [4, 5, 6], 69-10 [2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8], 71-4 [2, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15], 72-4 [6, 8, 14], 75-3 [4], 75-11 [6, 7], 76-3 [5, 10], 76-5 [2, 4, 5, 9], 77-11 [5, 8, 12, 15, 17], 79-2 [3], 79-5 [8], 83-1 [4, 5], 84-1 [6], 84-3 [6, 9, 10], 84-6 [6, 7, 8], 85-4 [6, 7, 8, 10], 85-5 [3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9], 85-6 [4, 5, 6, 7], 86-5 [2, 4, 5], 86-6 [3, 4, 6, 7], 87-3 [3, 6, 10], 87-5 [4, 5], 88-1 [6, 7], 88-2 [5, 7, 9], 88-7 [4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10], 89-2 [5], 89-4 [2, 12, 13], 89-5 [2, 5, 6, 10], 90-2 [7, 8, 10], 90-3 [8, 9], 91-5 [7, 8, 10, 11, 12], 91-6 [2, 3, 7, 8], 92-1 [3, 4, 5, 6], 92-4 [2, 3], 92-6 [4, 5, 12, 14]


Occurs concurrently with …

Intended Use:

Use this qualifier when it is known that Events A and B occur over precisely the same time period and are equal in duration.

What we know:

What we don't necessarily know (i.e., subsumed, overlapping, or related qualifiers):

References:

61-9 [6], 62-12 [4], 72-4 [12, 14], 77-11 [3], 84-3 [3], 85-4 [3], 86-6 [7], 88-2 [6], 89-4 [7, 10], 91-5 [4], 92-1 [9], 92-2 [8], 92-4 [4, 5, 10], 92-6 [7, 8], 92-9 [5, 6]


Pre-existing fact

Intended Use:

This is a "special case" qualifier intended primarily to handle general conditions that hold over the course of a scenario. That is, if there are certain events (or facts) that are true (or start) before the beginning of the critical facts of a story, this qualifier is used to denote such facts. Note that the qualifier is different from all the others in that it relates to ALL other events of the scenario (except others that are also "Pre-existing fact") and it typically relates to events that are in the future (generally speaking, the other qualifiers define temporal relationships with events that are either in the past or start at the same time).

What we know:

  1. Event A starts before the start of every other event in the scenario, except other events with the qualifier "Pre-existing fact"
  2. This is essentially the inverse of "After the start of …" except that it assumes a temporal relationship between Event A and ALL other events.

What we don't necessarily know (i.e., subsumed, overlapping, or related qualifiers):

References:

58-1 [1, 2], 60-9-A [1, 2, 3], 60-9-B [1, 2], 60-9-C [1], 61-9 [1, 2, 3], 62-12 [1, 2], 63-6 [1, 2, 3], 64-10 [1, 2, 3], 65-9 [1, 2, 3, 7], 67-1 [1, 2, 3], 69-10 [1, 3], 71-4 [1], 72-4 [1, 2, 3, 4, 7], 72-11 [1, 2, 3], 75-3 [1, 2], 75-11 [1, 4], 76-3 [1, 2, 3], 76-5 [1], 77-11 [1, 2], 79-2 [1, 2,10], 79-5 [1, 5], 83-1 [1, 2], 84-1 [1, 2], 84-3 [1], 84-6 [1, 4], 85-4 [1], 85-5 [1], 85-6 [1, 2], 86-5 [1], 86-6 [1, 2], 87-3 [1, 5], 87-5 [1], 88-1 [1, 2], 88-2 [1, 2, 3, 4], 88-7 [1, 2, 3], 89-2 [1], 89-4 [1], 89-5 [1], 90-2 [1, 2, 3], 90-3 [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], 90-4 [1, 2, 3, 4], 90-7 [1, 2, 3], 91-5 [1, 2], 91-6 [1, 5], 92-1 [1], 92-2 [1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7], 92-4 [1], 92-6 [1, 3], 92-9 [1, 3]


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Time Qualifiers Cross References