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Trail: Learning the Java Language
Lesson: Language Basics

## The for Statement

> The for statement provides a compact way to iterate over a range of values. The general form of the `for` statement can be expressed like this:

> >     for (initialization; termination; increment) {
> >         statement
> >     }

> initialization is a statement that initializes the loop--it's executed once at the beginning of the loop. termination is an expression that determines when to terminate the loop. This expression is evaluated at the top of each iteration of the loop. When the expression evaluates to `false`, the loop terminates. Finally, increment is an expression that gets invoked for each iteration through the loop. Any (or all) of these components can be empty statements.

> Often `for` loops are used to iterate over the elements in an array, or the characters in a string. The sample shown below, `ForDemo`, uses a `for` statement to iterate over the elements of an array and print them:

> >     public class ForDemo {
> >         public static void main(String[] args) {
> >             int[] arrayOfInts = { 32, 87, 3, 589, 12, 1076,
> >                                   2000, 8, 622, 127 };

> >             for (int i = 0; i < arrayOfInts.length; i++) {
> >                 System.out.print(arrayOfInts[i] + " ");
> >             }
> >             System.out.println();
> >         }
> >     }

> The output of the program is: `32 87 3 589 12 1076 2000 8 622 127`.

> Notice that you can declare a local variable within the initialization expression of a `for` loop. The scope of this variable extends from its declaration to the end of the block governed by the `for` statement so it can be used in the termination and increment expressions as well. If the variable that controls a `for` loop is not needed outside of the loop, it's best to declare the variable in the initialization expression. The names `i`, `j`, and `k` are often used to control `for` loops; declaring them within the `for` loop initialization expression limits their life-span and reduces errors.

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