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%           {\item[Speaker A:] Does he agree?
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%    {mu-nthu &m-modzi &\'a-ma-s\^ek-a} 
%    {1-person &1-one  &1Su-PrsHab-laugh-ind}
%    {`One person usually laughs.'}}
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%    {\item \gloss {3}
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\slidehead{Long Distance Dependencies}

A long distance dependency has a filler ({\it Ann\/}) and a gap (---).

\examples{
\item Ann, I think he likes ---.
\item \bad{*} I think he likes ---. ({\it incomplete\/})
\item \bad{*} Ann, I think he likes women.
\item Ann, I think he likes her. ({\it resumptive pronoun\/})}

The filler can be a long distance from the gap.  Distance is measured
in how many clauses the filler is from the gap, not how many words
away it is.

\example{
\item Ann, I think he told you he tried to like ---.}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\slidehead{Some Examples of Constructions with Long Distance
Dependencies}

{\bf Topicalization:}

\example{Ann, I think he likes ---.}

{\bf Wh-questions:}

\example{Who do you think he likes ---.}

{\bf Relative Clauses:}

\example{The woman who you think he saw --- is tall.}

{\bf Embedded Wh-questions}

\example{I wonder who he thinks he saw ---.}

%% Clefts

{\bf Tough Movement}

\example{These problems are tough to even try to solve ---.}

{\bf More-More}

\example{The more people I try to pretend I know ---, the more
confused I get ---.}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


\slidehead{Where can the gap be?}


\examples{
\item Who --- saw you.
\item Who did you see ---.
\item Who did you talk to ---.
\item To whom did you talk ---.
\item Who do you believe --- left.
\item Who do you think he saw ---.
\item Who do you think he talked to ---.}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\slidehead{Where can't the gap be?}

{\bf Inside a COMP that is inside a SUBJ or OBJ}

\examples{
\item \bad{*} Who do believe the fact that he saw ---.
\item \bad{*} Who did the fact that he saw --- bother you.}

{\bf Inside a SUBJ}

\example{
\item \bad{*} Who did stories about --- bother you.}

{\bf Inside a coordinate structure}

\examples{
\item \bad{*} Who did you see him and ---.
\item \bad{*} Who did you see Sue and pictures of ---.
\item Who did you see pictures of --- and books about ---.}

{\bf Subject of an embedded clause after a complementizer}

\examples{
\item \bad{*}Who do believe that --- left.}

\newpage

{\bf Inside an embedded wh-question}

\examples{
\item \bad{*} Who do you wonder whether he talked to ---.
\item  Who do you wonder what he gave --- to ---.
\item What do you wonder who he gave --- to ---.
}

{\bf Inside a relative clause}

\example{
\item \bad{*} Who did you see the person who --- talked to ---.}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\slidehead{Functional Uncertainty}

Assign an uncertain grammatical function to a filler.\\[10pt]

\begin{verbatim}
(^ { COMP | XCOMP }*  GF) = |

Where GF is SUBJ, OBJ, OBLx, or OBLx OBJ.
\end{verbatim}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\slidehead{Inside-out Function Application}

\begin{verbatim}
(x f') refers to an f-structure f 
such that (f x) = f'.

(OBJ ^) refers to an f-structure f 
such that (f OBJ) = ^.

((OBJ ^) TOP) = ^ means that (f TOP) = ^ 
for f such that (f OBJ) = ^.

( {COMP|XCOMP}* GF ^) refers to f such that 
(f {COMP|XCOMP}* GF) = ^.

(({COMP|XCOMP}* GF ^) TOP) = ^ means that 
(f TOP) = ^ for f such that 
(f {COMP|XCOMP}* GF) = ^.
\end{verbatim}

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\slidehead{Another Wellformedness Condition}

{\bf Extended Coherence:} The discourse functions {\sc top} and {\sc
foc} must be integrated into the f-structure.

\end{document}


