Word Order|||Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adjective and Noun|||OV and AdjN:::OV and NAdj:::VO and NAdj:::Other:::VO and AdjN
Verbal Categories / Modality|||Imperative-Hortative Systems|||Maximal system:::Neither type of system:::Both types of system:::Minimal system
Nominal Categories / Numerals|||Conjunctions and Universal Quantifiers|||Formally similar, with interrogative:::Formally similar, without interrogative:::Formally different
Word Order|||Position of Polar Question Particles|||No question particle:::Final:::Initial:::In either of two positions:::Other position:::Second position
Word Order|||Order of Subject and Verb|||SV:::VS:::No dominant order
Simple Clauses / Simple Clauses|||Expression of Pronominal Subjects|||Subject affixes on verb:::Obligatory pronouns in subject position:::Subject pronouns in different position:::Mixed:::Optional pronouns in subject position:::Subject clitics on variable host
Nominal Categories / Case|||Position of Case Affixes|||Case suffixes:::No case affixes or adpositional clitics:::Postpositional clitics:::Case prefixes:::Mixed morphological case:::Case stem change:::Prepositional clitics:::Inpositional clitics:::Case tone
Nominal Categories / Numerals|||Numeral Classifiers|||Obligatory:::Absent:::Optional
Nominal Syntax|||Genitives, Adjectives and Relative Clauses|||Highly differentiated:::Adjectives and relative clauses collapsed:::Weakly differentiated:::Genitives and adjectives collapsed:::Genitives and relative clauses collapsed:::Moderately differentiated in other ways
Verbal Categories / Modality|||The Morphological Imperative|||Second singular and second plural:::No second-person imperatives:::Second singular:::Second person number-neutral:::Second plural
Word Order|||Position of Interrogative Phrases in Content Questions|||Not initial interrogative phrase:::Initial interrogative phrase:::Mixed
Morphology|||Prefixing vs. Suffixing in Inflectional Morphology|||Strongly suffixing:::Weakly suffixing:::Weakly prefixing:::Little affixation:::Equal prefixing and suffixing:::Strong prefixing
Verbal Categories / Modality|||The Prohibitive|||Special imperative + normal negative:::Normal imperative + normal negative:::Normal imperative + special negative:::Special imperative + special negative
Word Order|||Order of Subject, Object and Verb|||SOV:::SVO:::No dominant order:::VSO:::VOS:::OVS:::OSV
Simple Clauses / Negation and Questions|||Negative Morphemes|||Negative affix:::Negative particle:::Negative auxiliary verb:::Double negation:::Negative word, unclear if verb or particle:::Variation between negative word and affix
Word Order|||Order of Relative Clause and Noun|||Relative clause-Noun:::Noun-Relative clause:::Internally headed:::Mixed:::Correlative:::Adjoined:::Doubly headed
Word Order|||Order of Demonstrative and Noun|||Demonstrative-Noun:::Noun-Demonstrative:::Demonstrative suffix:::Demonstrative prefix:::Mixed:::Demonstrative before and after Noun
Verbal Categories / Tense and Aspect|||Position of Tense-Aspect Affixes|||Tense-aspect suffixes:::Mixed type:::Tense-aspect prefixes:::No tense-aspect inflection:::Tense-aspect tone
Simple Clauses / Negation and Questions|||Polar Questions|||Interrogative verb morphology:::Question particle:::Interrogative intonation only:::Mixture of previous two types:::Absence of declarative morphemes:::Interrogative word order:::No interrogative-declarative distinction
Word Order|||Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Relative Clause and Noun|||OV and RelN:::OV and NRel:::VO and NRel:::Other:::VO and RelN
Word Order|||Order of Genitive and Noun|||Genitive-Noun:::Noun-Genitive:::No dominant order
Word Order|||Order of Numeral and Noun|||Numeral-Noun:::Noun-Numeral:::No dominant order:::Numeral only modifies verb
Nominal Categories / Articles and Pronouns|||Third Person Pronouns and Demonstratives|||Related to remote demonstratives:::Unrelated:::Related for all demonstratives:::Related for non-human reference:::Related by gender markers:::Related to non-remote demonstratives
Nominal Syntax|||Position of Pronominal Possessive Affixes|||Possessive prefixes:::Possessive suffixes:::No possessive affixes:::Prefixes and suffixes
Word Order|||Order of Adjective and Noun|||Adjective-Noun:::Noun-Adjective:::Only internally-headed relative clauses:::No dominant order
Word Order|||Order of Adverbial Subordinator and Clause|||Final subordinator word:::Initial subordinator word:::Mixed:::Subordinating suffix:::Internal subordinator word
Nominal Categories / Gender and Number|||Coding of Nominal Plurality|||Plural suffix:::Plural clitic:::No plural:::Plural prefix:::Plural word:::Mixed morphological plural:::Plural stem change:::Plural complete reduplication:::Plural tone
Word Order|||Order of Object and Verb|||OV:::VO:::No dominant order
Word Order|||Relationship between the Order of Object and Verb and the Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase|||OV and Postpositions:::VO and Prepositions:::OV and Prepositions:::Other:::VO and Postpositions
Word Order|||Order of Adposition and Noun Phrase|||Postpositions:::Prepositions:::No dominant order:::No adpositions:::Inpositions
Word Order|||Order of Degree Word and Adjective|||Degree word-Adjective:::Adjective-Degree word:::No dominant order
Nominal Categories / Articles and Pronouns|||Indefinite Pronouns|||Generic-noun-based:::Interrogative-based:::Mixed:::Special:::Existential construction
Simple Clauses / Negation and Questions|||Negative Indefinite Pronouns and Predicate Negation|||Predicate negation also present:::Mixed behaviour:::Negative existential construction:::No predicate negation
Simple Clauses / Simple Clauses|||Ditransitive Constructions: The Verb 'Give'|||Indirect-object construction:::Double-object construction:::Secondary-object construction:::Mixed
Complex Sentences|||'Want' Complement Subjects|||Subject is left implicit:::Subject is expressed overtly:::Desiderative verbal affix:::Both construction types exist:::Desiderative particle
Nominal Categories / Gender and Number|||Occurrence of Nominal Plurality|||Only human nouns, optional:::All nouns, always optional:::Only human nouns, obligatory:::All nouns, always obligatory:::All nouns, optional in inanimates:::No nominal plural
Phonology|||Absence of Common Consonants|||All present:::No fricatives:::No nasals:::No bilabials:::No bilabials or nasals:::No fricatives or nasals
Phonology|||Voicing and Gaps in Plosive Systems|||None missing in /p t k b d g/:::Other:::Missing /p/:::Both missing:::Missing /g/
Phonology|||Glottalized Consonants|||No glottalized consonants:::Implosives only:::Ejectives and implosives:::Ejectives only:::Ejectives, implosives, and glottalized resonants:::Implosives and glottalized resonants:::Ejectives and glottalized resonants:::Glottalized resonants only
Phonology|||Lateral Consonants|||/l/, no obstruent laterals:::/l/ and lateral obstruent:::No laterals:::Laterals, but no /l/, no  obstruent laterals:::No /l/, but lateral obstruents
Phonology|||Uvular Consonants|||None:::Uvular stops only:::Uvular stops and continuants:::Uvular continuants only
Phonology|||Voicing in Plosives and Fricatives|||In plosives alone:::In both plosives and fricatives:::In fricatives alone:::No voicing constrast
Phonology|||Syllable Structure|||Complex:::Moderately complex:::Simple
Phonology|||Front Rounded Vowels|||None:::High only:::Mid only:::High and mid
Phonology|||Tone|||No tones:::Simple tone system:::Complex tone system
Phonology|||Vowel Quality Inventories|||Average (5-6):::Small (2-4):::Large (7-14)
Phonology|||Presence of Uncommon Consonants|||None:::Labial-velars:::'Th' sounds:::Pharyngeals:::Clicks:::Pharyngeals and 'th':::Clicks, pharyngeals, and 'th'
Phonology|||Consonant-Vowel Ratio|||High:::Moderately high:::Average:::Low:::Moderately low
Phonology|||Consonant Inventories|||Large:::Moderately large:::Average:::Moderately small:::Small
Verbal Categories / Modality|||Coding of Evidentiality|||Verbal affix or clitic:::No grammatical evidentials:::Separate particle:::Part of the tense system:::Modal particle:::Mixed
Verbal Categories / Modality|||Semantic Distinctions of Evidentiality|||Indirect only:::No grammatical evidentials:::Direct and indirect
Nominal Categories / Articles and Pronouns|||Indefinite Articles|||No indefinite, but definite article:::No definite or indefinite article:::Indefinite word same as 'one':::Indefinite word distinct from 'one':::Indefinite affix
Nominal Syntax|||Adjectives without Nouns|||Without marking:::Marked by preceding word:::Marked by suffix:::Marked by prefix:::Marked by following word:::Not without noun:::Marked by mixed or other strategies
Simple Clauses / Predication|||Predicative Possession|||Conjunctional:::Genitive:::'Have':::Locational:::Topic
Nominal Categories / Numerals|||Distributive Numerals|||Marked by reduplication:::No distributive numerals:::Marked by mixed or other strategies:::Marked by suffix:::Marked by preceding word:::Marked by prefix:::Marked by following word
Simple Clauses / Predication|||Zero Copula for Predicate Nominals|||Possible:::Impossible
Morphology|||Exponence of Selected Inflectional Formatives|||No case:::Monoexponential case:::Case + number:::Case + referentiality:::Case + TAM
Nominal Categories / Articles and Pronouns|||Definite Articles|||Definite word distinct from demonstrative:::No definite or indefinite article:::Demonstrative word used as definite article:::Definite affix:::No definite, but indefinite article
Nominal Syntax|||Possessive Classification|||Two classes:::No possessive classification:::More than five classes:::Three to five classes
Verbal Categories / Tense and Aspect|||The Past Tense|||No past tense:::Present, no remoteness distinctions:::Present, 2-3 remoteness distinctions:::Present, 4 or more remoteness distinctions
Nominal Syntax|||Obligatory Possessive Inflection|||Absent:::Exists
Nominal Syntax|||Noun Phrase Conjunction|||'And' identical to 'with':::'And' different from 'with'
Simple Clauses / Predication|||Predicative Adjectives|||Mixed:::Nonverbal encoding:::Verbal encoding
Nominal Categories / Articles and Pronouns|||Pronominal and Adnominal Demonstratives|||Different stem:::Different inflection:::Identical
Simple Clauses / Predication|||Nominal and Locational Predication|||Different:::Identical
Verbal Categories / Tense and Aspect|||Perfective/Imperfective Aspect|||Grammatical marking:::No grammatical marking
Verbal Categories / Tense and Aspect|||The Future Tense|||Inflectional future exists:::No inflectional future
Simple Clauses / Predication|||Comparative Constructions|||Exceed:::Locational:::Particle:::Conjoined
Verbal Categories / Tense and Aspect|||The Perfect|||Other perfect:::No perfect:::From 'finish', 'already':::From possessive
Nominal Categories / Case|||Comitatives and Instrumentals|||Differentiation:::Identity:::Mixed
Nominal Categories / Articles and Pronouns|||Distance Contrasts in Demonstratives|||Two-way contrast:::Four-way contrast:::Three-way contrast:::No distance contrast:::Five (or more)-way contrast
Nominal Categories / Gender and Number|||The Associative Plural|||Associative same as additive plural:::Unique periphrastic associative plural:::No associative plural:::Unique affixal associative plural
Tea|||Tea|||Words derived from Sinitic cha:::Words derived from Min Nan Chinese te:::Others
Nominal Syntax|||Action Nominal Constructions|||Sentential:::No action nominals:::Restricted:::Mixed:::Ergative-Possessive:::Possessive-Accusative:::Double-Possessive:::Other
Phonology|||Weight-Sensitive Stress|||Left-edge: First or second:::Right-edge: Ultimate or penultimate:::Fixed stress (no weight-sensitivity):::Combined: Right-edge and unbounded:::Unbounded: Stress can be anywhere:::Not predictable:::Right-oriented: One of the last three:::Left-oriented: One of the first three
Lexicon|||Finger and Hand|||Different:::Identical
Lexicon|||Hand and Arm|||Different:::Identical
Morphology|||Locus of Marking in Possessive Noun Phrases|||Dependent marking:::No marking:::Double marking:::Other:::Head marking
Verbal Categories / Modality|||The Optative|||Inflectional optative present:::Inflectional optative absent
Morphology|||Locus of Marking in the Clause|||Dependent marking:::Double marking:::No marking:::Head marking:::Other
Nominal Syntax|||Nominal and Verbal Conjunction|||Identity:::Differentiation:::Both expressed by juxtaposition
Nominal Categories / Articles and Pronouns|||Politeness Distinctions in Pronouns|||Multiple politeness distinctions:::Binary politeness distinction:::No politeness distinction:::Pronouns avoided for politeness
Phonology|||Weight Factors in Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems|||Long vowel:::Combined:::No weight:::Prominence:::Long vowel or coda consonant:::Lexical stress:::Coda consonant
Phonology|||Fixed Stress Locations|||No fixed stress:::Penultimate:::Initial:::Ultimate:::Second:::Antepenultimate:::Third
Morphology|||Locus of Marking: Whole-language Typology|||Dependent-marking:::Inconsistent or other:::Double-marking:::Head-marking:::Zero-marking
Simple Clauses / Valence and Voice|||Antipassive Constructions|||Oblique patient:::No antipassive:::Implicit patient
Verbal Categories / Modality|||Overlap between Situational and Epistemic Modal Marking|||No overlap:::Overlap for either possibility or necessity:::Overlap for both possibility and necessity
Lexicon|||M-T Pronouns|||No M-T pronouns:::M-T pronouns, paradigmatic:::M-T pronouns, non-paradigmatic
Simple Clauses / Valence and Voice|||Nonperiphrastic Causative Constructions|||Morphological but no compound:::Neither:::Both:::Compound but no morphological
Verbal Categories / Modality|||Epistemic Possibility|||Affixes on verbs:::Verbal constructions:::Other
Phonology|||Rhythm Types|||Undetermined:::Trochaic:::No rhythmic stress:::Iambic:::Dual: both trochaic and iambic
Nominal Categories / Gender and Number|||Plurality in Independent Personal Pronouns|||Person stem + pronominal plural affix:::Person-number stem:::Person stem + nominal plural affix:::Person-number stem + pronominal plural affix:::Person-number stem + nominal plural affix:::Person-number affixes:::Number-indifferent pronouns
Simple Clauses / Valence and Voice|||Periphrastic Causative Constructions|||Sequential but no purposive:::Purposive but no sequential:::Both
Complex Sentences|||Reason Clauses|||Deranked:::Balanced:::Balanced/deranked
Complex Sentences|||Relativization on Obliques|||Non-reduction:::Gap:::Pronoun-retention:::Relative pronoun:::Not possible
Complex Sentences|||'When' Clauses|||Deranked:::Balanced:::Balanced/deranked
Lexicon|||N-M Pronouns|||N-M pronouns, paradigmatic:::No N-M pronouns:::N-M pronouns, non-paradigmatic
Complex Sentences|||Relativization on Subjects|||Non-reduction:::Gap:::Relative pronoun:::Pronoun-retention
Morphology|||Reduplication|||Productive full and partial reduplication:::No productive reduplication:::Full reduplication only
Nominal Categories / Case|||Number of Cases|||No morphological case-marking:::Exclusively borderline case-marking:::6-7 cases:::2 cases:::4 cases:::10 or more cases:::8-9 cases:::3 cases:::5 cases
Phonology|||The Velar Nasal|||Initial velar nasal:::No initial velar nasal:::No velar nasal
Morphology|||Syncretism in Verbal Person/Number Marking|||Not syncretic:::No subject person/number marking:::Syncretic
Word Order|||Order of Object, Oblique, and Verb|||VOX:::No dominant order:::OVX:::XOV:::OXV:::XVO
Simple Clauses / Simple Clauses|||Alignment of Case Marking of Full Noun Phrases|||Neutral:::Nominative - accusative (marked nominative):::Nominative - accusative (standard):::Ergative - absolutive:::Tripartite:::Active-inactive
Verbal Categories / Suppletion|||Suppletion According to Tense and Aspect|||None:::Aspect:::Tense:::Tense and aspect
Simple Clauses / Negation and Questions|||Subtypes of Asymmetric Standard Negation|||Non-assignable:::A/Cat:::A/Fin:::A/Fin and A/Cat:::A/NonReal:::A/NonReal and A/Cat:::A/Fin and A/NonReal
Simple Clauses / Simple Clauses|||Alignment of Case Marking of Pronouns|||Neutral:::Nominative - accusative (marked nominative):::Ergative - absolutive:::Nominative - accusative (standard):::Tripartite:::Active - inactive:::None
Simple Clauses / Valence and Voice|||Applicative Constructions|||Non-benefactive object; both bases:::Benefactive and other; both bases:::No applicative construction:::Benefactive object; only transitive:::Benefactive object; both bases:::Non-benefactive object; only intransitive:::Non-benefactive object; only transitive
Complex Sentences|||Utterance Complement Clauses|||Balanced:::Balanced/deranked:::Deranked
Nominal Categories / Case|||Asymmetrical Case-Marking|||No case-marking:::Symmetrical:::Additive-quantitatively asymmetrical:::Syncretism in relevant NP-types:::Subtractive-quantitatively asymmetrical:::Qualitatively asymmetrical
Simple Clauses / Valence and Voice|||Passive Constructions|||Present:::Absent
Simple Clauses / Negation and Questions|||Symmetric and Asymmetric Standard Negation|||Symmetric:::Asymmetric:::Both
Nominal Categories / Gender and Number|||Sex-based and Non-sex-based Gender Systems|||No gender:::Sex-based:::Non-sex-based
Simple Clauses / Simple Clauses|||Verbal Person Marking|||Only the A argument:::No person marking:::Both the A and P arguments:::Only the P argument:::A or P argument
Nominal Categories / Gender and Number|||Number of Genders|||None:::Two:::Three:::Five or more:::Four
Nominal Categories / Gender and Number|||Systems of Gender Assignment|||No gender:::Semantic and formal:::Semantic
Lexicon|||Numeral Bases|||Decimal:::Pure vigesimal:::Extended body-part system:::Hybrid vigesimal-decimal:::Restricted:::Other base
Nominal Categories / Numerals|||Ordinal Numerals|||First/one-th, two-th, three-th:::First, two-th, three-th:::First, two, three:::One-th, two-th, three-th:::None:::First, second, three-th:::Various:::One, two, three
Nominal Categories / Articles and Pronouns|||Gender Distinctions in Independent Personal Pronouns|||No gender distinctions:::1st or 2nd person but not 3rd:::3rd person only, but also non-singular:::3rd person singular only:::In 3rd person + 1st and/or 2nd person:::3rd person non-singular only
Simple Clauses / Simple Clauses|||Third Person Zero of Verbal Person Marking|||No zero realization:::No person marking:::Zero in all 3sg forms:::Zero in all 3rd person forms:::Zero in some 3sg forms:::Zero only in 3rd nonsingular
Simple Clauses / Simple Clauses|||Alignment of Verbal Person Marking|||Active:::Neutral:::Accusative:::Split:::Ergative:::Hierarchical
Simple Clauses / Simple Clauses|||Order of Person Markers on the Verb|||A and P do not or do not both occur on the verb:::P precedes A:::Both orders of A and P occur:::A precedes P:::A and P are fused
Other / Clicks|||Para-Linguistic Usages of Clicks|||Affective meanings:::Logical meanings:::Other or none
Nominal Categories / Articles and Pronouns|||Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Pronouns|||Inclusive/exclusive:::No inclusive/exclusive:::Only inclusive:::'We' the same as 'I'
Verbal Categories / Suppletion|||Verbal Number and Suppletion|||None:::Singular-plural pairs, no suppletion:::Singular-plural pairs, suppletion:::Singular-dual-plural triples, no suppletion:::Singular-dual-plural triples, suppletion
Complex Sentences|||Purpose Clauses|||Balanced:::Deranked:::Balanced/deranked
Morphology|||Case Syncretism|||No case marking:::No syncretism:::Core and non-core:::Core cases only
Verbal Categories / Modality|||Situational Possibility|||Verbal constructions:::Affixes on verbs:::Other kinds of markers
Nominal Categories / Articles and Pronouns|||Person Marking on Adpositions|||No person marking:::Pronouns and nouns:::No adpositions:::Pronouns only
Nominal Categories / Articles and Pronouns|||Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Verbal Inflection|||Inclusive/exclusive:::No person marking:::No inclusive/exclusive:::Only inclusive:::'We' the same as 'I'
Phonology|||Vowel Nasalization|||Contrast absent:::Contrast present
Lexicon|||Number of Non-Derived Basic Colour Categories|||3:::5:::6:::5.5:::4:::3.5
Lexicon|||Number of Basic Colour Categories|||3-4:::4.5-5.5:::8-8.5:::6-6.5:::11:::7-7.5:::9-10
Lexicon|||Green and Blue|||None:::Green/blue:::Black/green/blue:::Green vs. blue:::Yellow/green vs. blue:::Black/blue vs. green:::Yellow/green/blue
Lexicon|||Red and Yellow|||None:::Red/yellow:::Red vs. yellow:::Yellow/green vs. red:::Yellow/green/blue vs. red
Simple Clauses / Valence and Voice|||Reciprocal Constructions|||Distinct from reflexive:::No reciprocals:::Mixed:::Identical to reflexive
Nominal Categories / Articles and Pronouns|||Intensifiers and Reflexive Pronouns|||Identical:::Differentiated
Morphology|||Inflectional Synthesis of the Verb|||2-3 categories per word:::0-1 category per word:::4-5 categories per word:::6-7 categories per word:::10-11 categories per word:::8-9 categories per word
Morphology|||Fusion of Selected Inflectional Formatives|||Exclusively concatenative:::Isolating/concatenative:::Tonal/isolating:::Exclusively isolating:::Ablaut/concatenative:::Exclusively tonal:::Tonal/concatenative
