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%%                      Master BibTex Bibliography                          %%
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%%
%% Publisher Abbreviations ::
%%

@string{AP = "Academic Press"}
@string{AW = "Addison-Wesley"}
@string{DP = "Digital Press"}
@string{HR = "Harper \& Row"}
@string{MH = "McGraw-Hill"}
@string{PH = "Prentice Hall"}
@string{JW = "John Wiley \& Sons"}


%%
%% Journal Abbreviations ::
%%

@string{AI = "Artificial Intelligence"}		% Not AI Magazine!
@string{AIMag = "AI Magazine"}			% Not AI Journal!
@string{C = "IEEE Transactions on Computers"}
@string{CACM = "Communications of the ACM"}
@string{CogSci = "Cognitive Science"}
@string{JACM = "Journal of the ACM"}
@string{PAMI = "IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"}
@string{SIGART = "SIGART Newsletter"}
@string{SMC = "IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics"}
@string{Surveys = "Computing Surveys"}

%%
%% Proceedings Abbreviations ::
%%

@string{AAAI80 = "Proceedings of the First Annual National Conference on 
                  Artificial Intelligence"}
@string{AAAI80Addr = "Stanford, CA"}
@string{AAAI82 = "Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial 
                  Intelligence"}
@string{AAAI82Addr = "Pittsburgh, PA"}
@string{AAAI83 = "Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial 
                  Intelligence"}
@string{AAAI83Addr = "Washington, D.C."}
@string{AAAI84 = "Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial 
                  Intelligence"}
@string{AAAI84Addr = "Austin, TX"}
@string{AAAI86 = "Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial 
                  Intelligence"}
@string{AAAI86Addr = "Philadelphia, PA"}
@string{AAAI87 = "Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial 
                  Intelligence"}
@string{AAAI87Addr = "Seattle, WA"}
@string{AAAI88 = "Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial 
                  Intelligence"}
@string{AAAI88Addr = "St.\ Paul, MN"}
@string{AAAI90 = "Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial 
                  Intelligence"}
@string{AAAI90Addr = "Boston, MA"}
@string{Dist82 = "Proceedings of the Third International Conference on
                  Distributed Computer Systems"}
@string{IJCAI75 = "Proceedings of the Fourth International Joint Conference on 
                   Artificial Intelligence"}
@string{IJCAI75Addr = "Stanford, CA"}
@string{IJCAI77 = "Proceedings of the Fifth International Joint Conference on 
                   Artificial Intelligence"}
@string{IJCAI77Addr = "Cambridge, MA"}
@string{IJCAI79 = "Proceedings of the Sixth International Joint Conference on 
                   Artificial Intelligence"}
@string{IJCAI79Addr = "Tiblisi, Georgia, USSR"}
@string{IJCAI81 = "Proceedings of the Seventh International Joint Conference on 
                   Artificial Intelligence"}
@string{IJCAI81Addr = "Tokyo, Japan"}
@string{IJCAI83 = "Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on 
                   Artificial Intelligence"}
@string{IJCAI83Addr = "Karlsruhe, Federal Republic of Germany"}
@string{IJCAI85 = "Proceedings of the Ninth International Joint Conference on 
                   Artificial Intelligence"}
@string{IJCAI85Addr = "Los Angeles, CA"}
@string{IJCAI87 = "Proceedings of the Tenth International Joint Conference on 
                   Artificial Intelligence"}
@string{IJCAI87Addr = "Milan, Italy"}
@string{IJCAI89 = "Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint Conference on 
                   Artificial Intelligence"}
@string{IJCAI89Addr = "Detroit, MI"}

%%
%% Department Abbreviations ::
%%

@string{CM = "Carnegie-Mellon University"}
@string{CMCS = "Computer Science Department, Carnegie-Mellon University"}
@string{CMISL = "Carnegie-Mellon Intelligent Systems Laboratory"}
		   @string{CMAddr = "Pittsburgh, PA"}

@string{ISI = "USC/Information Sciences Institute"}
@string{ISIAddr = "Marina del Rey, CA"}

@string{MIT = "Massachusetts Institute of Technology"}
@string{MITAIL = "Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts
                  Institute of Technology"}
@string{MITAddr = "Cambridge, MA"}

@string{SRI = "SRI International"}
@string{SRIAddr = "Menlo Park, CA"}

@string{Stan = "Stanford University"}
@string{StanCS = "Computer Science Department, Stanford University"}
@string{StanHPP = "Stanford Heuristic Programming Project, 
                   Computer Science Department, Stanford University"}
@string{StanKSL = "Knowledge Systems Laboratory, 
                   Computer Science Department, Stanford University"}
@string{StanAddr = "Stanford, CA 94305"}
@string{StanKSLAddr = "Palo Alto, CA 94304"}

@string{Toronto = "University of Toronto"}

@string{Umass = "University of Massachusetts"}
@string{UmassCS = "Department of Computer and Information Science,
                   University of Massachusetts"}
@string{UmassAddr = "Amherst, MA 01003"}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%% Letter A:

@book{Abelson85:Structure,
  Author = {Harold Abelson and Gerald Jay Sussman},
  Title = {Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs},
  Publisher = {MIT Press and McGraw-Hill (text orders)},
  Year = 1985
}

@techreport{Abram84:Distributed,
  Author = {J. M. Abram and C. Y. Chong and M. R. Fehling and J. S.
			Rosenschein and E. Tse},
  Title = {Distributed Decision Making Environment},
  Number = {TR-3013-3},
  Month = "April",
  Year = 1984,
  Institution = {AI \& DS}}

@Article(adelman,
  Author="Adelman, L., Zirk, D. Lehner, P. Moffet, R. and Hall, R.",
  Title="Distributed Tactical Decision Making: Conceptual Framework and Empirical Results",
  Journal="IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics",
  Key="adelman",
  Year="1986",
  Pages="794-804")

@inproceedings{Agre87:Pengi,
  Author = {P. Agre and D. Chapman},
  Title = {Pengi: {A}n Implementation of a Theory of Activity},
  Booktitle = AAAI87,
  Pages = {268-272},
  Year = 1987
}

@Article(ahituv,
  Author="Ahituv, N. and Berman, O.",
  Title="Devising a Cooperation Policy for Emergency Networks",
  Journal="Journal of the Operational Research Society",
  Key="ahituv",
  Year="1987",
  Pages="1015-1029")

@phdthesis{Aikins80:Prototypes,
  Author = "Jan S. Aikins",
  Title = "Prototypes and Production Rules: {A} Knowledge Representation for
	Computer Consultations",
  School = "Stanford University",
  Year = 1980,
  Note = "(Also published as Technical Report STAN-CSD-80-814,
	Computer Science Department, Stanford University.)"}

@book{Allen78:Anatomy,
  Author = {John R. Allen},
  Title = {Anatomy of Lisp},
  Publisher = MH,
  Year = 1978
}

@phdthesis{Allen79:Plan,
  Author = {James F. Allen},
  Title = {A Plan-Based Approach to Speech Act Recognition},
  School = Toronto,
  Month = Feb,
  Year = 1979,
  Note = {(Also published as Technical Report 131/79,
          Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, 
          Toronto, Canada, February 1979.)}
}

@article{Allen83:Maintaining,
  Author = {James F. Allen},
  Title = {Maintaining Knowledge About Temporal Intervals},
  Journal = CACM, 
  Volume = 26,
  Number = 11,
  Pages = {832-843}, 
  Month = Nov,
  Year = 1983
}

@inproceedings{Allen83:Planning,
  AUTHOR = "James F. Allen and Johannes A. Koomen",
  TITLE = "Planning Using a Temporal World Model",
  BOOKTITLE = IJCAI83,
  PAGES = "741--747",
  MONTH = "August",
  YEAR = 1983}

@article{Allen84:Towards,
  Author = "James F. Allen",
  Title = "Towards a General Theory of Action and Time",
  Journal = AIJOURNAL,
  Volume = 23,
  Pages = "123--154",
  Year = 1984}

@book{Anderson87:Essential,
  Author = {John R. Anderson and Albert T. Corbett and Brian J. Reiser},
  Title = {Essential Lisp},
  Publisher = AW,
  Year = 1987
}

@techreport{Anthony65:Planning,
  Author = {Robert N. Anthony},
  Title = {Planning and Control Systems: A framework for analysis},
  Institution = {Division of Research, Harvard Business School, Harvard University}, 
  Year = {1965}
}

@techreport{Appelt82:Planning,
  Author = {D. E. Appelt},
  Title = {Planning Natural Language Utterances to Satisfy Multiple Goals},
  Type = {Technical Note},
  Number = 259,
  Institution = SRI,
  Address = SRIAddr,
  Year = 1982
} 

@book{Arbib72:Metaphorical,
  AUTHOR = "Michael A. Arbib",
  TITLE = "The Metaphorical Brain",
  PUBLISHER = {Wiley},
  YEAR = 1972}

@inproceedings{Arkin87:AuRA,
  Author = {Ronald C. Arkin and Edward M. Riseman and Allen R. Hanson},
  Title = {{ArRA}: {A}n Architecture for Vision-based Robot Navigation},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the DARPA Image Understanding Workshop},
  Address = {Los Angeles, California},
  Pages = {17-431},
  Month = Feb,
  Year = 1987
}

@techreport{Arni90:RAD,
  Author = {Natraj Arni et al.},
  Title = {Overview of RAD:  A Hybrid and Distributed Reasoning Tool},
  Number = {ACT-RA-098-90},
  Institution = {Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation},
  Address = {Austin, TX},
  Month = Mar,
  Year = 1990
} 

@phdthesis{Ashley88:Modelling,
  Author = {Kevin D. Ashley},
  Title = {Modelling Legal Argument: {R}easoning with Cases and Hypotheticals},
  School = Umass,
  Month = Feb,
  Year = 1988
}

@misc{Atkins88:Center,
  AUTHOR = "Daniel E. Atkins and Michael D. Cohen and Lynn A. Conway and Gary M. Olson and Judith R. Olson and John Laird and Steven Lytinen",
  TITLE = "A Center for Collaboration Science and Technology",
  HOWPUBLISHED = "NSF Proposal",
  YEAR = 1988}

@book{Axelrod84:Evolution,
  Author = "Robert Axelrod",
  Title = "The Evolution of Cooperation",
  Publisher = "Basic Books",
  Year = 1984}

%% Letter B:

@book{Baker74:Introduction,
  Author = {K. R. Baker},
  Title = {Introduction to Sequencing and Scheduling},
  Publisher = JW,
  Year = 1974
}

@inproceedings{Balzer80:Hearsay-III,
  Author = {Robert Balzer and Lee Erman and Philip London and Chuck Williams},
  Title = {{H}earsay-{III}: {A} Domain-Independent Framework for Expert Systems},
  Booktitle = AAAI80,
  Address = AAAI80Addr,
  Pages = {108-110},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1980
}

@inproceedings{Barnett81:Computational,
  Author = {Jeffrey A. Barnett},
  Title = {Computational methods for a mathematical theory of evidence},
  Booktitle = IJCAI81, 
  Address = IJCAI81Addr,
  Pages = {868-875},
  Year = {1981}
}

@techreport{Barnett82:Making,
  Author = {Jeffrey A. Barnett and Lee D. Erman},
  Title = {Making Control Decisions in an Expert System is a Problem-Solving 
          Task},
  Type = {Unfinished Technical Report},
  Institution = ISI,
  Address = ISIAddr,
  Month = Apr,
  Year = 1982
} 

@techreport{Barnett82:Some,
  Author = {Jeffrey A. Barnett},
  Title = {Some Issues of Control in Expert Systems},
  Institution = ISI,
  Address = ISIAddr,
  Year = 1982
}

@article{Barnett84:How,
  AUTHOR = "Jeffrey A. Barnett",
  TITLE = "How Much is Control Knowledge Worth: {A} Primitive Example",
  JOURNAL = AIJOURNAL,
  VOLUME = 22,
  PAGES = "77--89",
  YEAR = 1984}

@techreport{Barto85:Learning,
  AUTHOR = "Andrew G. Barto",
  TITLE = "Learning by Statistical Cooperation of Self-Interested Neuron-Like
	Computing Elements",
  NUMBER = "85-11",
  MONTH = "April",
  YEAR = 1985,
  INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer and Information Science, 
	University of Massachusetts",
  ADDRESS = "Amherst, Massachusetts  01003"}

@techreport{Bates81:Language,
  Author = {Peter Bates and Jack C. Wileden and Victor R. Lesser},
  Title = {A Language to Support Debugging in Distributed Systems},
  Number = {81-07},
  Institution = UmassCS,
  Address = UmassAddr,
  Month = Feb,
  Year = 1981
}

@inproceedings{Bates82:Event,
  Author = {Peter C. Bates and Jack C. Wileden},
  Title = {{E}vent {D}efinition {L}anguage: {A}n Aid to Monitoring and
           Debugging of Complex Software Systems}, 
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth Hawaii International Conference on 
              System Science},
  Pages = {86-93},
  Month = Jan,
  Year = 1982
}

@techreport{Bates82:Debugging,
  Author = {Peter C. Bates and Jack C. Wileden and Victor R. Lesser},
  Title = {A Debugging Tool for Distributed Systems},
  Number = {82-34},
  Institution = UmassCS,
  Address = UmassAddr,
  Month = Dec,
  Year = 1982
}

@article{Bates83:High-level,
  Author = {Peter C. Bates and Jack C. Wileden},
  Title = {High-level Debugging of Distributed Systems: {T}he behavioral
          abstraction approach}, 
  Journal = {Journal of Systems and Software}, 
  Volume = 3,
  Number = 4,
  Pages = {255-264},
  Year = 1983
}

@phdthesis{Bates86:Debugging,
  Author = {Peter Charles Bates},
  Title = {Debugging Programs in a Distributed System Environment},
  School = Umass,
  Month = Feb,
  Year = 1986,
  Note = {(Also published as Technical Report 86-05, Department of Computer and
         Information Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst,
	 Massachusetts 01003, February 1986.)}
}


@article{Baudet78:Asynchronous,
  Author = {Gerard M. Baudet},
  Title = {Asynchronous Iterative Methods for Multiprocessors},
  Journal = JACM,
  Volume = 25,
  Number = 2,
  Pages = {226-244},
  Month = Apr,
  Year = 1978
}

@techreport{Baum86:Boeing,
  Author = {L. Baum and R. Dodhiawala and V. Jagannathan},
  Title = {{B}oeing {B}lackboard {S}ystem, Version 1.0},
  Number = {BCS-G2010-31},
  Institution = {Boeing Computer Services},
  Address = {P.O. Box 24346, Seattle, Washington 98124},
  Month = Jul,
  Year = 1986
}

@book{Beer78:Platform,
  Author = {Stafford Beer},
  Title = {Platform for Change},
  Publisher = JW,
  Year = 1978,
  Edition = {corrected reprint}
}

@book{Beer79:Heart,
  Author = {Stafford Beer},
  Title = {The Heart of Enterprise},
  Publisher = JW,
  Year = 1979
}

@book{Beer81:Brain,
  Author = {Stafford Beer},
  Title = {Brain of the Firm},
  Publisher = JW, 
  Year = 1981,
  Edition = {second}
}

@techreport{Benda85:Optimal,
  Author = {M. Benda and V. Jagannathan and R. Dodhiawalla},
  Title = {On Optimal Cooperation of Knowledge Sources},
  Number = {BCS-G2010-28}, 
  Institution = {Boeing AI Center},
  Address = {Boeing Computer Services, Bellevue, WA},
  Month = Aug, 
  Year = 1985
}

@article{Bentley79:Data,
  Author = {Jon L. Bentley and Jerome H. Friedman},
  Title  = {Data Structures for Range Searching},
  Journal = Surveys,
  Volume = 11,
  Number = 4,
  Pages  = {397--413},
  Month  = Dec,
  Year   = 1979}

@article{Bertsekas84:Second,
  AUTHOR = "D. Bertsekas and E. Gafni and R. Gallagher",
  TITLE = "Second Derivative Algorithms for Minimum Delay Routing in Networks",
  JOURNAL = "IEEE Transactions on Communications",
  VOLUME = "COM-32",
  NUMBER = 8,
  YEAR = 1984}

@inproceedings{Bisiani86:Software,
  Author = {R. Bisiani}, 
  Title = {A Software and Hardware Environment for Developing {AI} 
           Applications on Parallel Processors},
  Booktitle = AAAI86,
  Address = AAAI86Addr,
  Pages = {742-747},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1986,
  Note = {(Also published in {\it Readings in Distributed Artificial 
          Intelligence}, Alan H. Bond and Les Gasser, editors, pages~451--456,
          Morgan Kaufmann, 1988.)}
}

@techreport{Bisiani87:Heterogeneous,
  Author = {R. Bisiani and F. Alleva and F. Correrini and A. Forin and 
            F. Lecouat and R. Lerner},
  Title = {Heterogeneous Parallel Processing: {T}he {A}gora Shared Memory},
  Number = {CMU-CS-87-112}, 
  Institution = CMCS,
  Address = CMAddr,
  Month = Mar, 
  Year = 1987
}

@inproceedings{Boddy89:Solving,
  Author = {Mark Boddy and Thomas Dean},
  Title = {Solving Time-Dependent Planning Problems},
  Booktitle = IJCAI89,
  Address = IJCAI89Addr,
  Pages = {979-984},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1989,
}

@book{Bond88:Readings,
  Author = {Alan H. Bond and Les Gasser},
  Title = {Readings in Distributed Artificial Intelligence},
  Publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  Address = {San Mateo, CA},
  Year = 1988
}

@book{Bromley86:Lisp,
  Author = {Hank Bromley},
  Title = {Lisp Lore: {A} guide to programming on the Lisp machine},
  Publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  Year = 1986
}

@techreport{Brooks79:Distributed,
  Author = {Richard S. Brooks and Victor R. Lesser},
  Title = {Distributed Problem Solving using Iterative Refinement},
  Number = {79-14},
  Institution = UmassCS,
  Address = UmassAddr,
  Month = May,
  Year = 1979
}

@techreport{Brooks80:Balance,
  Author = {Richard S. Brooks},
  Title = {A Balance Principle for Optimal Access Control},
  Number = {80-20},
  Institution = UmassCS,
  Address = UmassAddr,
  Month = Nov,
  Year = 1980
}

@phdthesis{Brooks83:Experiments,
  Author = {Richard S. Brooks},
  Title = {Experiments in Distributed Problem Solving with Iterative 
        Refinement},
  School = Umass,
  Month = Feb,
  Year = 1983,
  Note = {(Also published as Technical Report 82-25, Department of Computer and
 	  Information Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst,
	  Massachusetts 01003, October 1982.)}
}

@book{Brooks85:Programming,
  Author = {Rodney A. Brooks},
  Title = {Programming in Common Lisp},
  Publisher = JW,
  Year = 1985
}

@article{Bruce78:Interacting,
  Author = {Bertram Bruce and Dennis Newman},
  Title = {Interacting Plans},
  Journal = CogSci,
  Pages = {195-233},
  Year = 1978,
  Note = {(Also published in {\it Readings in Distributed Artificial 
          Intelligence}, Alan H. Bond and Les Gasser, editors, pages~248--267,
          Morgan Kaufmann, 1988.)}
}

%% Letter C:

@inproceedings{Cammarata83:Strategies, 
  Author = {Stephanie Cammarata and David McArthur and Randall Steeb},
  Title = {Strategies of Cooperation in Distributed Problem Solving},
  Booktitle = IJCAI83,
  Address = IJCAI83Addr,
  Pages = {767-770},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1983,
  Note = {(Also published in {\it Readings in Distributed Artificial 
          Intelligence}, Alan H. Bond and Les Gasser, editors, pages~102--105, 
          Morgan Kaufmann, 1988.)}
}

@inproceedings{Carver84:Focusing, 
  Author = {Norman F. Carver and Victor R. Lesser and Daniel L. McCue},
  Title = {Focusing in Plan Recognition},
  Booktitle = AAAI84, 
  Address = AAAI84Addr,
  Pages = {42-48},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1984
}

@inproceedings{Casey77:Domain,
  AUTHOR = "L. Casey and N. Shelness",
  TITLE = "A Domain Structure for Distributed Computer Systems",
  BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Sixth {ACM} Symposium on Operating System
	Principles",
  PAGES = "101--108",
  MONTH = "November",
  YEAR = 1977}

@article{Chandrasekaran81:Natural,
  Author = {B. Chandrasekaran},
  Title = {Natural and Social System Metaphors for Distributed Problem Solving:
           {I}ntroduction to the Issue},
  Journal = SMC,
  Volume = {SMC-11},
  Number = 1,
  Pages = {1-5}, 
  Month = Jan, 
  Year = 1981
}

@incollection{Chang87:Participant,
  Author = {Ernest Chang},
  Title = {Participant Systems},
  Booktitle = {Distributed Artificial Intelligence},
  Editor = {Michael N. Huhns},
  Series = {Research Notes in Artificial Intelligence},
  Publisher = {Pitman},
  Chapter = 11,
  Pages = {311-339},
  Year = 1987
}

@article{Chapanis75:Interactive,
  Author = {Alphonse Chapanis},
  Title = {Interactive human communication},
  Journal = {Scientific American},
  Volume = 232,
  Number = 3,
  Pages = {36-42},
  Month = Mar,
  Year = 1975
}

@inproceedings{Cheeseman84:Representation,
  AUTHOR = "Peter Cheeseman",
  TITLE = "A Representation of Time for Automatic Planning",
  BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Robotics",
  PAGES = "513--518",
  YEAR = 1984}

@inproceedings{Cheeseman85:Defense,
  Author = {Peter Cheeseman},
  Title = {In Defense of Probability},
  Booktitle = IJCAI85,
  Address = IJCAI85Addr,
  Pages = {1002-1009},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1985,
}

@inproceedings{Chien75:Planning,
  AUTHOR = "R. T. Chien and S. Weissman",
  TITLE = "Planning and Execution in Incompletely Specified Environments",
  BOOKTITLE = IJCAI75,
  PAGES = "169--174",
  MONTH = "August",
  YEAR = 1975}

@book{Chu77:Advances,
  Author = {W. W. Chu.},
  Title = {Advances in Computer Communications},
  Publisher = {Artech House},
  Address = {Dedham, Massachusetts},
  Year = 1977
}

@inproceedings{Clancey81:NEOMYCIN,
  AUTHOR = "William J. Clancey and Reed Letsinger",
  TITLE = "{NEOMYCIN}: {R}econfiguring a Rule-based Expert System for Application
	to Teaching",
  BOOKTITLE = IJCAI81,
  PAGES = "829--836",
  MONTH = "August",
  YEAR = 1981}

@article{Clancey83:Epistemology,
  Author = {William J. Clancey},
  Title = {The Epistemology of a Rule-Based Expert System---{A} Framework for
          Explanation},
  Journal = AI, 
  Volume = 20,
  Pages = {215-251}, 
  Year = 1983
}

@techreport{Clinger81:Foundations,
  Author = {W. Clinger},
  Title = {Foundations of Actor Semantics},
  Institution = MITAIL,
  Address = MITAddr,
  Month = May,
  Year = 1981
}

@phdthesis{Cohen78:On,
  Author = {Philip R. Cohen},
  Title = {On Knowing What to Say: {P}lanning Speech Acts},
  School = Toronto,
  Month = Jan,
  Year = 1978,
  Note = {(Also published as Technical Report 118,
          Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, 
          Toronto, Canada, January 1978.)}
}

@inproceedings{Cohen86:Persistence,
  AUTHOR = "Philip R. Cohen and Hector J. Levesque",
  TITLE = "Persistence, Intention, and Commitment",
  BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the 1986 Workshop on Reasoning About Actions
	and Plans",
  MONTH = "July",
  YEAR = 1986}

@inproceedings{Cohen87:Intention,
  Author = {Philip R. Cohen and Hector J. Levesque},
  Title = {Intention {=} Choice {+} Commitment},
  Booktitle = AAAI87,
  Pages = {410-415},
  Month = Jul, 
  Year = 1987
}

@article{Cohen89:Trial,
  Author = {Paul R. Cohen and Michael L. Greenberg and David M. Hart and Adele E. Howe},
  Title = {Trial by Fire: {U}nderstanding the design requirements for agents in complex environments},
  Journal = AIMag,
  Volume = 10,
  Number = 3,
  Pages = {32-48},
  Month = {Fall},
  Year = 1989}
}

@inproceedings{Conry85:Shared,
  Author = {S. Conry and R. Meyer and J. Searlemen},
  Title = {A Shared Knowledge Base for Independent Problem Solving Agents},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE Expert Systems in Government Symposium},
  Address = {Mc Lean, Virginia},
  Month = Oct, 
  Year = 1985
}

@incollection{Conry88:Multistage,
  Author = {Susan E. Conry and Robert A. Meyer and Victor R. Lesser},
  Title = {Multistage Negotiation in Distributed Planning},
  Booktitle = {Readings in Distributed Artificial Intelligence},
  Editor = {Alan H. Bond and Les Gasser},
  Publisher = {Morgan Kaufman},
  Pages = {367-384},
  Year = 1988
}

@article{Corkill76:PARTNER,
  Author = {Daniel D. Corkill},
  Title = {{PARTNER}: {P}attern Actuated Responses to Natural {E}nglish Ramblings},
  Journal = {Nebraska Blue Print}, 
  Volume = 65,
  Number = 3,
  Pages = {4-7}, 
  Month = Feb,
  Year = 1976
}

@incollection{Corkill76:Interactive,
  Author = {Daniel D. Corkill}, 
  Title = {An Interactive Graphic Modeling Program for Arbitrary Closed Queuing
           Systems with Exponential Servers},
  Booktitle = {Queuing Theory and System Modeling},
  Editor = {Lester Lipsky},
  Publisher = {Technical Report, Department of Computer Science, University of Nebraska},
  Pages = {1-19},
  Month = May,
  Year = 1986
}

@mastersthesis{Corkill76:Model,
  Author = {Daniel David Corkill},
  Title = {A Model for the Design of Conversational Programs},
  School = {University of Nebraska},
  Month = Dec,
  Year = 1976
}

@techreport{Corkill77:FUTIL,
  Author = {Daniel D. Corkill},
  Title = {{FUTIL}: {FORTRAN} Utilities for {APL} Files},
  Institution = {APL Group, University Computing Center, University of Massachusetts},
  Address = UmassAddr,
  Month = Jul,
  Year = 1977
}

@techreport{Corkill77:Indexed,
  Author = {Daniel D. Corkill},
  Title = {Indexed Sequential Files for {APL}},
  Institution = {APL Group, University Computing Center, University of Massachusetts},
  Address = UmassAddr,
  Month = Sep,
  Year = 1977
}

@inproceedings{Corkill79:Hierarchical,
  Author = {Daniel D. Corkill}, 
  Title = {Hierarchical Planning in a Distributed Environment},
  Booktitle = IJCAI79,
  Address = IJCAI79Addr,
  Pages = {168-175}, 
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1979,
  Note = {(An extended version was published as Technical Report 79-13,
          Department of Computer and Information Science, University of
          Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, February 1979.)}
}

@manual{Corkill80:CLisp,
  Title = {{CL}isp Reference Manual},
  Author = {Daniel D. Corkill},
  Address = {Department of Computer and Information Science, University of 
            Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts},
  Year = 1980,
  Note = {(Periodically revised through 1984)}
}

@techreport{Corkill80:Organizational,
  Author = {Daniel D. Corkill},
  Title = {An Organizational Approach to Planning in Distributed Problem
           Solving Systems},
  Number = {80-13},
  Institution = UmassCS,
  Address = UmassAddr,
  Month = May,
  Year = 1980
}

@techreport{Corkill81:Goal-directed,
  Author = {Daniel D. Corkill and Victor R. Lesser},
  Title = {A Goal-directed {H}earsay-{II} Architecture:  {U}nifying data-directed
           and goal-directed control},
  Number = {81-15},
  Institution = UmassCS,
  Address = UmassAddr,
  Month = Jun,
  Year = 1981
}

@inproceedings{Corkill82:Unifying,
  Author = {Daniel D. Corkill and Victor R. Lesser and Eva Hudlick\'a},
  Title = {Unifying Data-Directed and Goal-Directed Control:  {A}n Example and
           Experiments},
  Booktitle = AAAI82,
  Address = AAAI82Addr,
  Pages = {143-147},  
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1982
}

@phdthesis{Corkill83:Framework,
  Author = {Daniel David Corkill},
  Title = {A Framework for Organizational Self-Design in Distributed Problem 
           Solving Networks},
  School = Umass,
  Month = Feb,
  Year = 1983,
  Note = {(Also published as Technical Report 82-33,
          Department of Computer and Information Science, University of
          Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, December 1982.)}
}

@inproceedings{Corkill83:Coordination,
  Author = {Daniel D. Corkill and Victor R. Lesser},  
  Title = {Coordination in a Distributed Problem Solving Network},  
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
  Pages = {637-648},  
  Address = {Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan},
  Month = Apr,
  Year = 1983
}

@inproceedings{Corkill83:Use,
  Author = {Daniel D. Corkill and Victor R. Lesser},  
  Title = {The Use of Meta-Level Control for Coordination in a Distributed 
           Problem Solving Network},  
  Booktitle = IJCAI83,
  Address = IJCAI83Addr,
  Pages = {748-756},  
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1983,
  Note = {(Also appeared in {\it Computer Architectures for Artificial
         Intelligence Applications}, Benjamin W.~Wah and G.-J.~Li, editors,
         IEEE Computer Society Press, pages~507--515, 1986)}
}

@techreport{Corkill86:From,
  Author = {Daniel D. Corkill and Kevin Q. Gallagher and Philip M. Johnson},
  Title = {From Prototype to Product: {E}volutionary Development within the
           Blackboard Paradigm},
  Number = {86-46},
  Institution = UmassCS,
  Address = UmassAddr,
  Month = Oct,
  Year = 1986,
  Note = {(Presented at Workshop on High Level Tools for Knowledge Based
          Systems, Columbus, Ohio, October 7--8, 1986.)}
}

@inproceedings{Corkill86:GBB,
  Author = {Daniel D. Corkill and Kevin Q. Gallagher and Kelly E. Murray}, 
  Title = {{GBB}: {A} Generic Blackboard Development System},
  Booktitle = AAAI86,
  Address = AAAI86Addr,
  Pages = {1008-1014},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1986,
  Acceptance = {187 of 817 submittted papers (23$\%$)},
  Note ={(Also published in {\it Blackboard Systems}, Robert S. Engelmore and
         Anthony Morgan, editors, pages~503--518, Addison-Wesley, 1988.)},
  Also = {(Also published as Technical Report 86-67,
          Department of Computer and Information Science, University of
          Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, April 1986.)}
}

@inproceedings{Corkill87:Achieving,
  Author = {Daniel D. Corkill and Kevin Q. Gallagher and Philip M. Johnson}, 
  Title = {Achieving Flexibility, Efficiency, and Generality in Blackboard
         Architectures}, 
  Booktitle = AAAI87,
  Address = AAAI87Addr,
  Pages = {18-23},
  Month = Jul,
  Year = 1987,
  Acceptance = {157 of 715 submittted papers (22$\%$)},
  Note = {(Also published in {\it Readings in Distributed Artificial 
          Intelligence}, Alan H. Bond and Les Gasser, editors, pages~451--456, 
          Morgan Kaufmann, 1988.)},
  Also = {(Also published as Technical Report 87-37,
          Department of Computer and Information Science, University of
          Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, April 1987.)}
}

@incollection{Corkill87:Distributed,
  Author={Daniel D. Corkill and Victor R. Lesser}, 
  Title={Distributed Problem Solving},
  Booktitle={Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence},
  Publisher=JW,
  Year=1987
  }

@techreport{Corkill88:Design,
  Author = {Daniel D. Corkill}, 
  Title = {Design Alternatives for Parallel and Distributed Blackboard Systems}, 
  Number = {88-38},
  Institution = UmassCS,
  Address = UmassAddr,
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1988,
  Note = {(Presented at the AAAI-88 Blackboard Workshop, St.\ Paul, Minnesota,
           August 24, 1988.  
           Also to appear in {\it Current Trends in Blackboard Systems}, 
           V. Jagannathan and Raj T. Dodhiawala, editors, Academic Press, 1989.)}
}

@inproceedings{Corkill88:Issues,
  Author = {Daniel D. Corkill and Kelly E. Murray}, 
  Title = {Issues in Common Lisp Multiprocessing}, 
  Month = Mar,
  Year = 1988,
  Note = {(In preparation.)}
}

@inproceedings{Corkill88:Tuning,
  Author = {Daniel D. Corkill and Kevin Q. Gallagher}, 
  Title = {Tuning a Blackboard-based Application: {A} case study using {GBB}}, 
  Booktitle = AAAI88,
  Address = AAAI88Addr,
  Pages = {671-676},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1988,
  Acceptance = {148 of 850 submittted papers (17$\%$)},
  Also = {(Also published as Technical Report 88-37,
          Department of Computer and Information Science, University of
          Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, April 1988.)}
}

@inproceedings{Corkill89:Embedable,
  Author = {Daniel D. Corkill}, 
  Title = {Embedable Problem Solving Architectures: {A} study of integrating 
           {OPS5} with {GBB}},
  Booktitle = IJCAI89,
  Address = IJCAI89Addr,
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1989,
  Note = {(Submitted.)}
}

@techrept{Crane78:Beyond,
  Author = {Hewitt D. Crane},
  Title = {Beyond the Seventh Synapse: The neural marketplace of the mind},
  Type = {Research memorandum},
  Organization = SRI,
  Address = SRIAddr,
  Month = Dec,
  Year = 1978
}

@book{Crane80:New,
  Author = {Hewitt D. Crane},
  Title = {The New Social Marketplace: Notes on effecting social change in America's
           third century},
  Publisher = {Ablex Publishing},
  Year = 1980
}

@inproceedings{Croft88:Knowledge-based,
  Author = {W.B. Croft and L.S. Lefkowitz},
  Title = {Knowledge-Based Support of Cooperative Activities},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-first Annual Hawaii International 
               Conference on System Sciences},
  Volume = 3,
  Pages = {312-318},
  Year = 1988,
  Note = {(Published by IEEE Computer Society Press, Catalog Number 88TH0213-9.)}
} 

@article{Cullingford81:Integrating,
  Author = {Richard E. Cullingford},
  Title = {Integrating Knowledge Sources For Computer ``Understanding'' Tasks},
  Journal = SMC,
  Volume = {SMC-11},
  Number = 1,
  Pages = {52-60},
  Month = Jan,
  Year = 1981
}

%% Letter D:

@article{Davis77:Production,
  Author = {Randall Davis and Bruce Buchanan and Edward Shortliffe},
  Title = {Production Rules as a Representation for a Knowledge-Based Consultation Program},
  Journal = AI,
  Volume = 8,
  Number = 1,
  Pages = {15-45},
  Year = 1977
}

@article{Davis80:Models,
  Author = {Randall Davis},
  Title = {Models of Problem Solving: {W}hy Cooperate?},
  Journal = SIGART,
  Number = 73,
  Pages = {42-43},
  Month = October,
  Year = 1980
}

@article{Davis80:Meta-rules,
  Author = {Randall Davis},
  Title = {Meta-rules: {R}easoning about control},
  Journal = AI, 
  Volume = 15,
  Pages = {179-222}, 
  Year = 1980
}

@article{Davis80:Report,
  Author = {Randy Davis},
  Title = {Report on the Workshop on {D}istributed {AI}},
  Journal = SIGART,  
  Number = 73,
  Pages = {42-52},
  Month = Oct,
  Year = 1980
}

@techreport{Davis81:Model,
  Author = {Randall Davis},
  Title = {A Model For Planning in a Multiagent Environment: Steps Toward Principles For Teamwork},
  Type = {AI Working Paper},
  Number = 217,
  Institution = MITAIL,
  Address = MITAddr,
  Month = Jun,
  Year = 1981
}

@techreport{Davis81:Negotiation,
  Author = {Randall Davis and Reid G. Smith},
  Title = {Negotiation as a Metaphor for Distributed Problem Solving},
  Type = {AI Memo},
  Number = 624,
  Institution = MITAIL,
  Address = MITAddr,
  Month = May,
  Year = 1981,
  Note = {(Also published in {\it Readings in Distributed Artificial 
          Intelligence}, Alan H. Bond and Les Gasser, editors, pages~333--356, 
          Morgan Kaufmann, 1988.)}
}

@article{Davis82:Report,
  Author = {Randy Davis},
  Title = {Report on the Second Workshop on {D}istributed {AI}},
  Journal = SIGART,
  Volume = 80,
  Pages = {13-23},
  Month = Apr,
  Year = 1982
}

@Article{Davis83:Negotiation,
  Author = {Randall Davis and Reid G. Smith},
  Title = {Negotiation as a Metaphor for Distributed Problem Solving},
  Journal = AI,
  Pages = {63-109},
  Year = 1983
}

@book{Dawkins76:Selfish,
  AUTHOR = "Richard Dawkins",
  TITLE = "The Selfish Gene",
  PUBLISHER = "Oxford University Press",
  YEAR = 1976}

@inproceedings{Dean86:Intractability,
  AUTHOR = "Thomas L. Dean",
  TITLE = "Intractability and Time Dependent Planning",
  BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the 1986 Workshop on Reasoning About Actions
	and Plans",
  MONTH = "July",
  YEAR = 1986}

@inproceedings{Dean87:Temporal,
  Author = {Thomas Dean},
  Title = {Large-Scale Temporal Data Bases for Planning in Complex Domains},
  Booktitle = IJCAI87,
  Address = IJCAI87Addr,
  Pages = {860-866},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1987,
}

@inproceedings{Dean88:Analysis,
  Author = {Thomas Dean and Mark Boddy},
  Title = {An Analysis of Time-Dependent Planning},
  Booktitle = AAAI88,
  Address = AAAI88Addr,
  Pages = {49-54},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1988,
}

@incollection{Decker89:Evaluation,
  Author = {Keith S.~Decker and Edmund H. Durfee and Victor R. Lesser},
  Title = {The Evaluation of Research in Cooperative Distributed Problem Solving},
  Booktitle = {Distributed Artificial Intelligence},
  Volume = 2,
  Editor = {Michael N. Huhns and Les Gasser},
  Series = {Research Notes in Artificial Intelligence},
  Publisher = {Pitman},
  Year = 1989
}

@inproceedings{Decker89:Some,
  Author = {Keith S. Decker and Victor R. Lesser},
  Title = {Some Initial Thoughts on a Generic Architecture for CDPS Network Control},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1989 Distributed AI Workshop},
  Month = Sep,
  Pages = {73-94},
  Year = 1989
}

@Article(DeGall87, 
  Author="DeSanctis, G., and Gallupe R. B. ",
  Title="A Foundation for the Study of Group Decision Support Systems",
  Journal="Management Science",
  Key="DeSanctis",
  Year="1987",
  Volume="33",
  Pages="589-609")

@article{Doyle79:Truth,
  Author = {Jon Doyle},
  Title = {A Truth Maintenance System},
  Journal = AI, 
  Volume = 12,
  Pages = {231-272}, 
  Year = 1979
}

@techreport{Doyle83:Society,
  Author = {Jon Doyle},
  Title = {A Society of Mind},
  Institution = CMCS,
  Address = CMAddr,
  Year = 1983
}

@inproceedings{Drummond87:Contingent,
  author = {Mark Drummond and Ken Currie and Austin Tate},
  title = {Contingent Plan Structures for Spacecraft},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Space Telerobotics Workshop},
  month = {January},
  year = 1987}

@mastersthesis{Durfee84:Parallel,
  Author = {Edmund Howell Durfee},
  Title = {A Parallel Simulation of a Distributed Problem Solving Network},
  School = Umass,
  Month = Sep,
  Year = 1984,
  Note = {(Also published as Technical Report 84-19,
          Department of Computer and Information Science, University of
          Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, September 1984.)}
}

@inproceedings{Durfee84:Distributing,
  Author = {Edmund H. Durfee and Daniel D. Corkill and Victor R. Lesser},
  Title = {Distributing a Distributed Problem Solving Network Simulator},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth Real-Time Systems Symposium},
  Address = {Austin, Texas},
  Pages = {237-246},
  Month = Dec,
  Year = 1984
}

@inproceedings{Durfee85:Making,
  Author = {Edmund H. Durfee and Victor R. Lesser and Daniel D. Corkill},
  Title = {Making Coherent Communication Decisions in a Distributed
           Problem Solving Network},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the Workshop on AI and Distributed Problem
               Solving},
  Organization = {National Academy of Sciences},
  Pages = {59-75},
  Month = May,
  Year = 1985
}

@inproceedings{Durfee85:Increasing,
  Author = {Edmund H. Durfee and Victor R. Lesser and Daniel D. Corkill},
  Title = {Increasing Coherence in a Distributed Problem Solving Network},
  Booktitle = IJCAI85,
  Address = IJCAI85Addr,
  Pages = {1025-1030},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1985,
  Also = {(Also published as Technical Report 85-14,
          Department of Computer and Information Science, University of
          Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, April 1985.)}
}

@techreport{Durfee86:Approach,
  Author = {Edmund H. Durfee},
  Title = {An Approach to Cooperation: {P}lanning and Communication in a
           Distributed Problem Solving Network},
  Number = {86-09},
  Institution = UmassCS,
  Address = UmassAddr,
  Month = Mar,
  Year = 1986
}

@inproceedings{Durfee86:Incremental,
  Author = {Edmund H. Durfee and Victor R. Lesser},
  Title = {Incremental Planning to Control a Blackboard-based Problem Solver},
  Booktitle = AAAI86,
  Address = AAAI86Addr,
  Pages = {58-64},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1986
}

@article{Durfee87:Coherent,
  Author = {Edmund H. Durfee and Victor R. Lesser and Daniel D. Corkill},
  Title = {Coherent Cooperation Among Communicating Problem Solvers},
  Journal = C,
  Volume = {C-36},
  Number = 11,
  Pages = {1275-1291},
  Month = Nov,
  Year = 1987,
  Note = {(Also published in {\it Readings in Distributed Artificial 
          Intelligence}, Alan H. Bond and Les Gasser, editors, pages~268--284, 
          Morgan Kaufmann, 1988.)},
  Also = {(Also published as Technical Report 85-15,
          Department of Computer and Information Science, University of
          Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, April 1985)}
}

@incollection{Durfee87:Cooperation,
  Author = {Edmund H. Durfee and Victor R. Lesser and Daniel D. Corkill},
  Title = {Cooperation Through Communication in a Distributed Problem Solving
         Network},
  Booktitle = {Distributed Artificial Intelligence},
  Editor = {Michael N. Huhns},
  Series = {Research Notes in Artificial Intelligence},
  Publisher = {Pitman},
  Chapter = 2,
  Pages = {29-58},
  Year = 1987
}

@inproceedings{Durfee87:Using,
  Author = {Edmund H. Durfee and Victor R. Lesser},
  Title = {Using Partial Global Plans to Coordinate Distributed Problem Solvers},
  Booktitle = IJCAI87,
  Address = IJCAI87Addr,
  Pages = {875-883},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1987,
  Note = {(Also published in {\it Readings in Distributed Artificial 
          Intelligence}, Alan H. Bond and Les Gasser, editors, pages~285--293, 
          Morgan Kaufmann, 1988.)}
}

@inproceedings{Durfee87:Planning,
  AUTHOR = "Edmund H. Durfee and Victor R. Lesser",
  TITLE = "Planning Coordinated Actions in Dynamic Domains",
  BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the 1987 DARPA Knowledge-Based Planning
	Workshop",
  MONTH = "December",
  YEAR = 1987}

@PhDThesis(Durfee.drt, 
  Title="A Unified Approach to Dynamic Coordination: Planning Actions and Interactions in a Distributed Problem Solving Network",
  Author="Durfee, E.H.",
  Key="Durfee", 
  School="COINS, University of Massachusetts",
  Address="Amherst, MA.", Year="1987")

@inproceedings{Durfee88:Predictability,
  Author = {Edmund H. Durfee and Victor R. Lesser},
  Title = {Predictability Versus Responsiveness: {C}oordinating Problem Solvers in Dynamic Domains},
  Booktitle = AAAI88,
  Pages = {66-71},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1988
}

@inproceedings{Durfee88:Negotiation,
  Author = {Edmund H. Durfee and Victor R. Lesser},
  Title = {Negotiation Through Partial Global Planning},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1988 Distributed AI Workshop},
  Month = May,
  Year = 1988
}

@book{Durfee88:Coordination,
  Author = {Edmund H. Durfee},
  Title = {Coordination of Distributed Problem Solvers},
  Publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
  Year = 1988
}

@article{Durfee88:Incremental,
  Author = {Edmund H. Durfee and Victor R. Lesser},
  Title = {Incremental Planning to Control a Time-Constrained, Blackboard-Based Problem Solver},
  Journal = {IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronics Systems},
  Volume = 24,
  Number = 5,
  Pages = {647-662},
  Month = Sep,
  Year = 1988
}

@incollection{Durfee88:Planning,
  Author= {Edmund H. Durfee and Victor R. Lesser},
  Title= {Planning to Meet Deadlines in a Blackboard-based Problem Solver},
  Booktitle= {Tutorial on Hard Real-Time Systems},
  Editor= {J.~Stankovic and K.~Ramamritham},
  Publisher= {IEEE Computer Society Press},
  Pages={595--608},
  Year= 1987}

@incollection{Durfee89:Negotiating,
  Author = {Edmund H. Durfee and Victor R. Lesser},
  Title = {Negotiating Task Decomposition and Allocation Using Partial Global Planning},
  Booktitle = {Distributed Artificial Intelligence},
  Volume = 2,
  Editor = {Les Gasser and Michael N. Huhns},
  Series = {Research Notes in Artificial Intelligence},
  Publisher = {Pitman},
  Pages={229-243},
  Year = 1989
}

@article{Durfee89:Trends,
  Author = {Edmund H. Durfee and Victor R. Lesser and Daniel D. Corkill},
  Title = {Trends in Cooperative Distributed Problem Solving},
  Journal = {IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering},
  Volume = 1,
  Number = 1,
  Pages = {63-83},
  Month = Mar,
  Year = 1989
}

@inproceedings{Durfee89:MICE,
  Author = {Edmund H. Durfee and Thomas A. Montgomery},
  Title = {{MICE}: A Flexible Testbed for Intelligent Coordination Experiments},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1989 Distributed AI Workshop},
  Month = Sep,
  Pages = {25-40},
  Year = 1989
}

@inproceedings{Durfee90:Hierarchical,
  Author = {Edmund H. Durfee and Thomas A. Montgomery},
  Title = {A Hierarchical Protocol for Coordinating Multiagent Behaviors},
  Booktitle = AAAI90,
  Month = Jul,
  Year = 1990
}

@book{Dybvig87:Scheme,
  Author = {R. Kent Dybvig},
  Title = {The {S}cheme Programming Language},
  Publisher = PH,
  Year = 1987
}

%% Letter E:

@book{Eigen81:Laws,
  AUTHOR = "Manfred Eigen and Ruthild Winkler",
  TITLE = "Laws of the Game",
  PUBLISHER = "Harper and Row",
  YEAR = 1981}

@techreport{Engelmore77:Knowledge-based,
  Author = {Robert S. Engelmore and H. Nii},
  Title = {A Knowledge-based System for the Interpretation of Protein {X}-ray 
           Crystallographic Data},
  Number = {CS-77-589},
  Institution = StanCS,
  Address = StanAddr,
  Month = Feb,
  Year = 1977
}

@inproceedings{Ensor:Transactional,
  Author = {J. Robert Ensor and John D. Gabbe}, 
  Title = {Transactional Blackboards},  
  Booktitle = IJCAI85,
  Address = IJCAI85Addr,
  Pages = {340-344},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1985,
  Note = {(Also published in {\it Readings in Distributed Artificial 
          Intelligence}, Alan H. Bond and Les Gasser, editors, pages~557--562, 
          Morgan Kaufmann, 1988.)}
}
                                                                       
@inproceedings{Ericson82:DPL,
  Author = {Lars Warren Ericson},
  Title = {{DPL-82}: {A} Language for Distributed Processing},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Distributed Computing
             Systems},
  Address = {Miami/Ft.~Lauderdale, Florida},
  Pages = {526-531},
  Month = Oct,
  Year = 1982
}

@inproceedings{Erman75:Multi-level,
  Author = {Lee D. Erman and Victor R. Lesser},
  Title = {A Multi-level Organization for Problem Solving using Many Diverse
           Cooperating Sources of Knowledge},
  Booktitle = IJCAI75,
  Address = IJCAI75Addr,
  Pages = {483-490},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1975
}

@article{Erman80:Hearsay-II,
  Author = {Lee D. Erman and Frederick Hayes-Roth and Victor R. Lesser and D. Raj 
            Reddy}, 
  Title = {The {H}earsay-{II} Speech-Understanding System: {I}ntegrating Knowledge 
           to Resolve Uncertainty},  
  Journal = Surveys,
  Volume = 12,
  Number = 2, 
  Pages = {213-253},
  Month = Jun,  
  Year = 1980
}
                                                                       
@inproceedings{Erman81:Design,
  Author = {Lee D. Erman and Philip E. London and Stephen F. Fickas},
  Title = {The Design and an Example Use of {H}earsay-{III}},
  Booktitle = IJCAI81,
  Address = IJCAI81Addr,
  Pages = {409-415},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1981
}

%% Letter F:

@inproceedings{Fahlman83:Massively,
  Author = {Scott E. Fahlman and Geoffrey E. Hinton and Terrence J. 
            Sejnowski},
  Title = {Massively Parallel Architectures for {AI}: {NETL}, {THISTLE} and
           {B}oltzmann {M}achines},
  Booktitle = IJCAI83,
  Address = IJCAI83Addr,
  Pages = {109-113},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1983
}

@article{Fehling83:Report,
  Author = {Michael Fehling and Lee Erman},
  Title = {Report on the Third Annual Workshop on {D}istributed {A}rtificial 
           {I}ntelligence},
  Journal = SIGART,
  Number = 84,
  Pages = {3-12},
  Month = Apr,
  Year = 1983
}

@inproceedings{Feigenbaum77:Art,
  Author = {Edward A. Feigenbaum},
  Title = {The Art of {A}rtificial {I}ntelligence {I}: {T}hemes and cases studies of 
           knowledge engineering},
  Booktitle = IJCAI77,
  Address = IJCAI77Addr,
  Pages = {1014-1029}, 
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1977
}

@article{Feldman77:Decision,
  Author = {Jerome A. Feldman and Robert F. Sproull},
  Title = {Decision Theory and {A}rtificial {I}ntelligence {II}: {T}he hungry monkey},
  Journal = CogSci, 
  Volume = 1,
  Number = 2,
  Pages = {158-192}, 
  Month = Apr,
  Year = 1977
}

@article{Feldman79:High,
  Author = {Jerome A. Feldman},
  Title = {High Level Programming for Distributed Computing},
  Journal = CACM,
  Volume = 22,
  Number = 6,
  Pages = {353-368}, 
  Month = Jun,
  Year = 1979
}

@article{Feldman82:Connectionist,
  Author = {J. A. Feldman and D. H. Ballard},
  Title = {Connectionist Models and Their Properties},
  Journal = CogSci,
  Volume = 6,
  Number = 3,
  Pages = {205--254},
  Month = {July--September}, 
  Year = 1982
}

@phdthesis{Fennell75:Multiprocess,
  Author = {Richard Dean Fennell},
  Title = {Multiprocess Software Architecture for {AI} Problem Solving},
  School = CM,
  Month = May,
  Year = 1975
}

@article{Fennell77:Parallelism,
  Author = {Richard D. Fennell and Victor R. Lesser},
  Title = {Parallelism in {A}rtificial {I}ntelligence Problem Solving:  
           {A} Case Study of {H}earsay {II}},
  Journal = C,
  Volume = {C-26},
  Number = 2,
  Pages = {98-111},
  Month = Feb,
  Year = 1977,
  Note = {(Also published in {\it Readings in Distributed Artificial 
          Intelligence}, Alan H. Bond and Les Gasser, editors, pages~106-119, 
          Morgan Kaufmann, 1988.)}
}

@article{Fikes71:STRIPS,
  Author = {R. E. Fikes and N. J. Nilsson},
  Title = {{STRIPS}: {A} New Approach to the Application of Theorem Proving to 
           Problem Solving},
  Journal = AI,
  Volume = 2,
  Pages = {189-208}, 
  Year = 1971
}

@article{Fikes72:Learning,
  Author = {Richard E. Fikes and Peter E. Hart and Nils J. Nilsson},
  Title = {Learning and Executing Generalized Robot Plans},
  Journal = AI, 
  Volume = 3,
  Year = 1972
}

@article{Fikes82:Commitment,
  AUTHOR = "R. E. Fikes",
  TITLE = "A Commitment-Based Framework for Describing Informal Cooperative
	Work",
  JOURNAL = COGSCI,
  VOLUME = 6,
  PAGES = "331--347",
  YEAR = 1982}

@book{Filman84:Coordinated,
  Author = {Robert E. Filman and Daniel P. Friedman},
  Title = {Coordinated Computing: {T}ools and Techniques for Distributed 
           Software},
  Publisher = MH,
  Year = 1984
}

@article{Findler86:Examination,
  Author = {Nicholas V. Findler and Ron Lo},
  Title = {An examination of distributed planning in the world of air traffic control},
  Journal = {Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing}, 
  Volume = 3,
  Pages = {411-431},
  Year = 1986
}

@Book(Fiske84,
 Author="Fiske, S. and Taylor, S.E.",
 Title="Social Cognition",
 Key="Fiske",
 Publisher="Addison Wesley",
 Address="New York, N.Y.",
 Year="1984")

@InCollection(Flowers82,
  Key="Flowers",
  Author="Flowers, M., McGuire, R., and Birnbaum, L.",
  Year="1982",
  Title="Adversary arguments and the logic of personal attacks",
  BookTitle="Strategies for Natural Language Processing",
  Publisher="Lawrence Erlbaum Associates",
  Address ="Hillsdale, N.J.",
  Editor="W.G. Lehnert and M.H. Ringle")

@techreport{Forgy81:OPS5,
  Author = {C. L. Forgy},
  Title = {{OPS5} Reference Manual},
  Institution = CMCS,
  Address = CMAddr,
  Number = {CMU-CS-81-135},
  Year = 1981
}

@article{Forgy82:RETE,
  Author = {C. L. Forgy},
  Title = {{RETE}: {A} fast algorithm for the many pattern/many object 
          pattern matching problem},
  Journal = AI,
  Volume = 19,
  Pages = {17-37},
  Year = 1982
}

@techreport{Fox79:Organization,
  Author = {Mark S. Fox},
  Title = {Organization Structuring: {D}esigning large complex software},
  Institution = CMCS,
  Address = CMAddr,
  Number = {79-155},
  Month = Dec,
  Year = 1979
}

@article{Fox81:Organizational,
  Author = {Mark S. Fox},
  Title = {An Organizational View of Distributed Systems},
  Journal = SMC,
  Volume = 11,
  Number = 1,
  Pages = {70-80},
  Month = Jan, 
  Year = 1981,
  Note = {(Also published in {\it Readings in Distributed Artificial 
          Intelligence}, Alan H. Bond and Les Gasser, editors, pages~140--150, 
          Morgan Kaufmann, 1988.)}
}

@InProceedings(Fox82,
  Author="Fox, M.S., Allen, B., and Strohm, G.",
  Title="Job-Shop Scheduling: An Investigation in Constraint-Directed 
  Reasoning", Key="Fox", Organization="AAAI", Address="Pittsburgh, PA", Year="1982",
  Booktitle="AAAI-82")

@techreport{Fox82:Intelligent,
  Author = {Mark S. Fox},
  Title = {The Intelligent Management System: {A}n Overview},
  Number = {CMU-RI-81-4}, 
  Institution = CMISL,
  Address = CMAddr,
  Month = Dec, 
  Year = 1982
}

@phdthesis{Fox83:Constraint,
  Author = {Mark S. Fox},
  Title = {Constraint-directed Search: {A} Case Study of Job-Shop Scheduling},
  School = CM,
  Year = 1983,
  Note = {(Also published as Technical Report CMU-CS-83-161,
          Computer Science Department, Carnegie-Mellon University,
          Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213.)}
}


@article{Fox84:ISIS,
  Author = {Mark S. Fox and Stephen F. Smith},
  Title = {{ISIS}---{A} Knowledge-Based System for Factory Scheduling},
  Journal = {Expert Systems},
  Volume = 1,
  Number = 1,
  Pages = {25-49},
  Month = Jul, 
  Year = 1984
}

@book{Fox87:Constraint,
  Author = {Mark S. Fox},
  Title = {Constraint-directed Search: {A} Case Study of Job-Shop Scheduling},
  Publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann Publishers},
  Year = 1987
}


@techreport{Franklin87:Elements,
  Author = {Robert F.~Franklin and Laurel A.~Harmon},
  Title = {Elements of Cooperative Behavior},
  Institution = {Environmental Research Institute of Michigan},
  Address = {Ann Arbor, MI~~48107},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1987
}

@phdthesis{Friedland79:Knowledge-based,
  Author = {Peter E. Friedland},
  Title = {Knowledge-based Experiment Design in Molecular Genetics},
  School = Stan,
  Year = 1979,
  Note = {(Also published as Technical Report 79-771, Computer Science
          Department, Stanford University, Stanford California 94305, 1979.)}
}

@techreport{Friedland83:Concept,
  Author = {Peter E. Friedland and Yumi Iwasaki},
  Title = {The Concept and Implementation of Skeletal Plans},
  Type = {Draft Technical Report},  
  Institution = StanCS,
  Address = StanAddr,
  Month = Apr,
  Year = 1983
}

@article{Friedman77:Functional,
  Author = {Daniel P. Friedman and David S. Wise},
  Title = {Functional Combination},
  Booktitle = {Computer Languages},
  Volume = 3,
  Pages = {31-35},
  Year = 1977}

%% Letter G:

@inproceedings{Gabriel84:Queue-based,
  Author = {Richard P. Gabriel and John McCarthy},
  Title = {Queue-based Multi-processing {L}isp},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1984 ACM Symposium on Lisp and 
               Functional Programming},
  Address = {Austin, Texas},
  Pages = {25-43},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1984
}

@book{Galbraith73:Designing,
  Author = {Jay Galbraith},
  Title = {Designing Complex Organizations},
  Publisher = AW, 
  Year = 1973
}

@book{Galbraith77:Organization,
  Author = {Jay R. Galbraith},
  Title = {Organization Design},
  Publisher = AW,
  Year = 1977
}

@techreport{Gallagher88:Blackboard,
  Author = {Kevin Q. Gallagher and Daniel D. Corkill}, 
  Title = {Blackboard Retrieval Strategies in {GBB}},
  Number = {88-39},
  Institution = UmassCS,
  Address = UmassAddr,
  Month = Dec,
  Year = 1988
}

@manual{Gallagher88:GBB,
  Author = {Kevin Q. Gallagher and Daniel D. Corkill and Philip M. Johnson}, 
  Title = {{GBB} Reference Manual},
  Organization = UmassCS,
  Address = UmassAddr,
  Edition = {{GBB} {V}ersion 1.2},
  Month = Sep,
  Year = 1988,
  Note = {(Published as Technical Report 88-66,
          Department of Computer and Information Science, University of
          Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, September 1988.)}
}

@incollection{Gallagher89:Performance,
  Author = {Kevin Q. Gallagher and Daniel D. Corkill},
  Title = {Performance aspects of {GBB}},
  Booktitle = {Current Trends in Blackboard Systems},
  Editor = {V. Jagannathan and Raj T. Dodhiawala},
  Publisher = {Academic Press},
  Year = 1989,
  Note = {(In press.)}
}


@manual{Garvey86:BB1,
  Author = {Alan Garvey and Michael Hewett and M. Vaughan Johnson and 
            Robert Schulman and Barbara Hayes-Roth},
  Title = {{BB1} User Manual},
  Organization = {Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Departments of Medical
                  and Computer Science},
  Address = StanAddr,
  Edition = {{C}ommon {L}isp},
  Month = Oct,
  Year = 1986,
  Note = {(Published as Working Paper KSL 86-61, Knowledge Systems Laboratory,
          Departments of Medical and Computer Science, Stanford University,
          Stanford, California 94305.)}
}

@inproceedings{Garvey81:Inference,
  Author = {Thomas D. Garvey and John D. Lowrance and Martin A. Fischler},
  Title = {An Inference Technique for Integrating Knowledge from Disparate 
           Sources},
  Booktitle = IJCAI81,
  Address = IJCAI81Addr,
  Pages = {319-325},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1981
}

@article{Gasser86:Integration,
  Author = {L. Gasser},
  Title = {The Integration of Computing and Routine Work},
  Journal = {ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems},
  Month = Jul,
  Year = 1986
}

@incollection{Gasser87:MACE,
  Author = {Les Gasser and Carl Braganza and Nava Herman},
  Title = {{MACE}: {A} Flexible Testbed for Distributed {AI} Research},
  Booktitle = {Distributed Artificial Intelligence},
  Editor = {Michael N. Huhns},
  Series = {Research Notes in Artificial Intelligence},
  Publisher = {Pitman},
  Chapter = 5,
  Pages = {119-152},
  Year = 1987
}

@article{Gasser87:Report,
  AUTHOR = "Les Gasser",
  TITLE = "Report on the 1985 Workshop on Distributed Artificial
	Intelligence",
  JOURNAL = "AI Magazine",
  VOLUME = 8,
  NUMBER = 2,
  PAGES = "91--97",
  MONTH = "Summer",
  YEAR = 1987}

@inproceedings{Gasser87:Implementing,
  Author = {L. Gasser and C. Braganza and N. Herman},
  Title = {Implementing Distributed Artifical Intelligence Systems 
           using {MACE}},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE Conference on Artificial 
               Intelligence Applications},
  Pages = {315-320},
  Year = 1987,
  Note = {(Also published in {\it Readings in Distributed Artificial 
          Intelligence}, Alan H. Bond and Les Gasser, editors, pages~445--450, 
          Morgan Kaufmann, 1988.)}
}

@inproceedings{Gasser88:Representing,
  Author = {Les Gasser and Nicolas Rouquette},
  Title = {Representing and Using Organizational Knowledge in Distributed {AI} Systems},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1988 Distributed AI Workshop},
  Month = May,
  Year = 1988
}

@techreport{Genesereth82:Meta-level,
  Author = {Michael R. Genesereth and David E. Smith},
  Title = {Meta-level Architecture},
  Institution = StanCS,
  Address = StanAddr,
  Month = Dec,
  Year = 1982
}

@inproceedings{Genesereth83:Overview,
  Author = {Michael R. Genesereth},
  Title = {An Overview of Meta-level Architecture},
  Booktitle = AAAI83,
  Address = AAAI83Addr,
  Pages = {119-124}, 
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1983
}

@techreport{Genesereth84:Cooperation,
  Author = {M.R. Genesereth and M.L. Ginsberg and J.S. Rosenschein},
  Title = {Cooperation Without Communications},
  Number = {84-36},
  Institution = STANHPP,
  Address = STANADDR,
  Year = 1984,
  Note = {(Also published in {\it Readings in Distributed Artificial 
          Intelligence}, Alan H. Bond and Les Gasser, editors, pages~220--226, 
          Morgan Kaufmann, 1988.)}
}

@Inproceedings(Genesereth&al.85,
  Author="Genesereth, M.R., Ginsberg, M.L., and Rosenschein, J.S.",
  Title="Cooperation without Communication",
  Key="Genesereth", 
  Booktitle="Proceedings of The fifth national conference of Artificial Intelligence",
  Address="Philadelphia, PA.",
  Year="1986")

@inproceedings{Georgeff83:Communication,
  Author = {Michael Georgeff},
  Title = {Communication and Interaction in Multi-Agent Planning},
  Booktitle = AAAI83,
  Address = AAAI83Addr,
  Pages = {125-129},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1983,
  Note = {(Also published in {\it Readings in Distributed Artificial 
          Intelligence}, Alan H. Bond and Les Gasser, editors, pages~200--204, 
          Morgan Kaufmann, 1988.)}
}

@inproceedings{Georgeff84:Theory,
  Author = {Michael Georgeff},
  Title = {A Theory of Action for MultiAgent Planning},
  Booktitle = AAAI84,
  Address = AAAI84Addr,
  Pages = {121-125},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1984,
  Note = {(Also published in {\it Readings in Distributed Artificial 
          Intelligence}, Alan H. Bond and Les Gasser, editors, pages~205--209, 
          Morgan Kaufmann, 1988.)}
}

@inproceedings{Georgeff86:Representation,
  Author = {Michael Georgeff},
  Title = {A Representation of Events in Multi-Agent Domains},
  Booktitle = AAAI86,
  Address = AAAI86Addr,
  Pages = {70-75},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1986
}

@article{Gomez81:Knowledge,
  Author = {Fernando Gomez and B. Chandrasekaran},
  Title = {Knowledge Organization and Distribution for Medical Diagnosis},
  Journal = SMC,
  Volume = {SMC-11},
  Number = 1,
  Pages = {34-42},
  Month = Jan,
  Year = 1981
}

@incollection{Goyal88:Expert,
  Author = {S. Goyal and R. Worrest},
  Title = {Expert System Applications to Network Management},
  Booktitle = {Expert System Applications to Telecommunications},
  Editor = {J. Leibowitz},
  Publisher = JW,
  Volume = 1,
  Pages = {3-44},
  Year = 1988
}

@inproceedings{Green82:Distributed,
  Author = {Peter E. Green},
  Title = {Distributed Acoustic Surveillance and Tracking},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the Distributed Sensor Networks Workshop},
  Year = 1982,
  Note = {Published by the Department of Computer Science, Carnegie-Mellon 
          University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}
}

@incollection{Green87:AF,
  Author = {Peter E. Green},
  Title = {{AF}: {A} Flexible Testbed for Distributed {AI} Research},
  Booktitle = {Distributed Artificial Intelligence},
  Editor = {Michael N. Huhns},
  Series = {Research Notes in Artificial Intelligence},
  Publisher = {Pitman},
  Chapter = 6,
  Pages = {153-175},
  Year = 1987
}

@techreport{Greif82:PCAL,
  Author = {Irene Greif},
  Title = {{PCAL:} {A} Personal Calendar},
  Number = {TM-213},
  Institution = {MIT Laboratory for Computer Science},
  Address = {Cambridge, Mass},
  Year = 1982
}

@inproceedings{Grosz85:Discourse,
  Author = {Barbara J. Grosz and Candace L. Sidner},
  Title = {Discourse Structure and the Proper Treatment of Interruptions},
  Booktitle = IJCAI85,
  Pages = {832-839},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1985
}

@incollection{Grosz88:Plans,
  Author = {B. J. Grosz and C. Sidner},
  Title = {Plans for Discourse},
  Booktitle = {Intentions in Communication},
  Editor = {Cohen and Morgan and Pollack},
  Publisher = MIT,
  Year = 1988
}

%% Letter H:

@Article(Hackman74,
  Author="Hackman, J. R., and Kaplan, R. E.",
  Title="Interventions into group processes: An approach to improving the effectiveness of groups",
  Journal="Decision Science",
  Key="Hackman",
  Year="1974",
  Volume="5",
  Pages="459-480")

@techreport{Hagafors82:Character,
  Author = {Roger Hagafors},
  Title = {The Character of Organizational Problems: {A} classification system for
           organizational decision-making},
  Number = 317,
  Institution = {University of Uppsala},
  Address = {Department of Psychology, Uppsala, Sweden},
  Year = 1982
}

@inproceedings{Halpern84:Knowledge,
  AUTHOR = "Joseph Y. Halpern and Yoram Moses",
  TITLE = "Knowledge and Common Knowledge in a Distributed Environment",
  BOOKTITLE = "Third ACM Conference on Principles of Distributed Computing",
  YEAR = 1984}

@inproceedings{Halpern84:Towards,
  Author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Yoram Moses},
  Title = {Towards a Theory of Knowledge and Ignorance: {P}reliminary Report},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1981 Non-Monotonic Reasoning Workshop},
  Pages = {125-143},
  Month = Oct,
  Year = 1984
}

@inproceedings{Halpern85:Guide,
  Author = {Joseph Y. Halpern and Yoram Moses},
  Title = {A Guide to the Modal Logics of Knowledge and Belief},
  Booktitle = IJCAI85,
  Address = IJCAI85Addr,
  Pages = {480-490},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1985
}

@inproceedings{Halstead84:Implementation,
  Author = {Robert H. {Halstead, Jr.}},
  Title = {Implementation of {M}ultilisp: {L}isp on a multiprocessor},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1984 ACM Symposium on Lisp and 
               Functional Programming},
  Address = {Austin, Texas},
  Pages = {9-17},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1984
}

@article{Halstead85:Multilisp,
  Author = {Robert H. {Halstead, Jr.}},
  Title = {Multilisp: {A} Language for Concurrent Symbolic Computation},
  Journal = {ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems},
  Volume = 7,
  Number = 4,
  Pages = {501-538},
  Month = Oct,
  Year = 1985
}

@article{Halstead86:Assessment,
  Author = {Robert H. {Halstead, Jr.}},
  Title = {An Assessment of Multilisp: {L}essons from experience},
  Journal = {International Journal of Parallel Programming},
  Volume = 15,
  Number = 6,
  Pages = {459-501},
  Year = 1986,
  Note = {(Due to publishing delays, this issue did not appear until late 1987.)}
}

@inproceedings{Hammond86:CHEF,
  Author = {Kristian J. Hammond},
  Title = {CHEF: A Model of Case-based Planning},
  Booktitle = AAAI86,
  Address = AAAI86Addr,
  Pages = {267-271},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1986
}

@inproceedings{Hanks88:Representing,
  Author = {Steve Hanks},
  Title = {Representing and Computing Temporally Scoped Beliefs},
  Booktitle = AAAI88,
  Pages = {501-505},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1988
}

@incollection{Hanson78:VISIONS,
  Author = {Allen R. Hanson and Edward M. Riseman},
  Title = {{VISIONS}: {A} computer system for interpreting scenes},
  Booktitle = {Computer Vision Systems},
  Editor = {Allen R. Hanson and Edward M. Riseman},
  Pages = {303-333},
  Publisher = AP,
  Year = 1978
}

@inproceedings{Harmon80:Protocols,
  AUTHOR = "S. Harmon and D. Gage",
  TITLE = "Protocols for Robot Communications: Transport and Content Layers",
  BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the 1980 International Conference on Cybernetics and Society",
  PAGES = "1090--1097",
  YEAR = 1980}

@inproceedings{Harmon86:Technique,
  AUTHOR = "S. Y. Harmon and W. A. Aviles and D. W. Gage",
  TITLE = "A Technique for Coordinating Autonomous Robots",
  BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the 1986 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation",
  PAGES = "2029--2034",
  YEAR = 1986}

@inproceedings{Hayes-Roth77:Focus,
  Author = {Frederick Hayes-Roth and Victor R. Lesser},
  Title = {Focus of Attention in the {H}earsay-{II} System},
  Booktitle = IJCAI77,
  Address = IJCAI77Addr,
  Pages = {27-35},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1977
}

@article{Hayes-Roth79:Cognitive,
  Author = {Barbara Hayes-Roth and Frederick Hayes-Roth},
  Title = {A Cognitive Model of Planning},
  Journal = CogSci,
  Volume = 3,
  Number = 4,
  Pages = {275-310},
  Month = {October--December},
  Year = 1979
}

@article{Hayes-Roth80:Towards,
  Author = {Frederick Hayes-Roth},
  Title = {Towards a Framework for Distributed {AI}},
  Journal = SIGART,
  Number = 73,
  Pages = {51-52},
  Month = Oct,
  Year = 1980
}

@incollection{Hayes-Roth88:ABE,
  Author = {Frederick Hayes-Roth and Lee D. Erman and Scott Fouse
            and Jay S. Lark and James Davidson},
  Title = {{ABE}: {A} Cooperative Operation System and Development Environment},
  Booktitle = {AI Tools and Techniques},
  Editor = {Mark Richer},
  Publisher = {Ablex Publishing Corporation},
  Year = 1988,
  Note = {(Also published in {\it Readings in Distributed Artificial 
          Intelligence}, Alan H. Bond and Les Gasser, editors, pages~457--489, 
          Morgan Kaufmann, 1988.)}
}

@article{Hayes-Roth85:Blackboard,
  Author = {Barbara Hayes-Roth},
  Title = {A Blackboard Architecture for Control},
  Journal = AI,
  Volume = 26,
  Number = 3,
  Pages = {251-321},
  Month = Jul,
  Year = 1985,
  Note = {(Also published in {\it Readings in Distributed Artificial 
          Intelligence}, Alan H. Bond and Les Gasser, editors, pages~503--540, 
          Morgan Kaufmann, 1988.)}
}

@incollection{Hayes-Roth89:Distributing,
  Author = {Barbara Hayes-Roth and Micheal Hewett and Richard Washington and Rattikorn Hewett and Adam Seiver},
  Title = {Distributing Intelligence within an Individual},
  Booktitle = {Distributed Artificial Intelligence},
  Volume = 2,
  Editor = {Les Gasser and Michael N. Huhns},
  Series = {Research Notes in Artificial Intelligence},
  Publisher = {Pitman},
  Pages={385-412},
  Year = 1989
}

@inproceedings{Hayes-Roth89:Intelligent,
  Author = {Barbara Hayes-Roth and Richard Washington and Rattikorn Hewett and Micheal Hewett and Adam Seiver},
  Title = {Intelligent Monitoring and Control},
  Booktitle = IJCAI89,
  Address = IJCAI89Addr,
  Pages = {243-249},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1989,
}

@techreport{Helly84:Distributed,
  Author = {John Joseph Helly, Jr.},
  Title = {A Distributed Expert System for Space Shuttle Flight Control},
  Institution = {University of California Computer Science Department},
  Address = {Los Angeles, California},
  Number = {CSD-840038},
  Year = 1984
}

@book{Heal73:Theory,
  AUTHOR = "G. M. Heal",
  TITLE = "The Theory of Economic Planning",
  PUBLISHER = "American Elsevier",
  YEAR = 1973}

@book{Henderson80:Functional,
  Author = {Peter Henderson},
  Title = {Functional Programming: {A}pplication and implementation},
  Publisher = {Prentice-Hall International},
  Year = 1980
}

@article{Hewitt77:Laws,
  Author = {Carl Hewitt and Henry Baker},  
  Title = {Laws for Communicating Parallel Processes},
  Journal = {Information Processing}, 
  Year = 1977
}

@article{Hewitt77:Viewing,
  Author = {Carl Hewitt},  
  Title = {Viewing Control Structures as Patterns of Passing Messages},
  Journal = AI, 
  Volume = 8,
  Number = 3,
  Pages = {323-364},
  Month = {Fall},
  Year = 1977
}

@article{Hewitt80:Message,
  Author = {Carl Hewitt and Bill Kornfeld},
  Title = {Message Passing Semantics},
  Journal = SIGART, 
  Month = Oct,
  Year = 1980
}

@inproceedings{Hewitt83:Analyzing,
  Author = {Carl Hewitt and Peter de Jong},
  Title = {Analyzing the Roles of Descriptions and Actions in Open Systems},
  Booktitle = AAAI83, 
  Address = AAAI83Addr,
  Pages = {162-166}, 
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1983
}

@inproceedings{Hewitt84:Design,
  Author = {Carl Hewitt and Henry Lieerman},
  Title = {Design Issues in Parallel Architectures for Artificial
           Intelligence},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 28th IEEE Computer Society International 
               Conference},
  Address = {San Francisco, California},
  Pages = {418-423},
  Month = Feb,
  Year = 1984
}

@article{Hewitt85:Challenge,
  Author = {Carl Hewitt},  
  Title = {The Challenge of Open Systems},
  Journal = {Byte}, 
  Volume = 10,
  Number = 4,
  Pages = {223-242}, 
  Month = Apr,
  Year = 1985
}

@article{Hewitt86:Offices,
  Author = {Carl Hewitt},
  Title = {Offices are Open Systems},
  Journal = CACM,
  Volume = 4,
  Number = 3,
  Pages = {271-287},
  Month = Jul,
  Year = 1986,
  Note = {(Also published in {\it Readings in Distributed Artificial 
          Intelligence}, Alan H. Bond and Les Gasser, editors, pages~321--330, 
          Morgan Kaufmann, 1988.)}
}

@article{Ho80:Team,
  AUTHOR = "Yu-chi Ho",
  TITLE = "Team Decision Theory and Information Structures",
  JOURNAL = "Proceedings of the IEEE",
  VOLUME = 68,
  NUMBER = 6,
  PAGES = "644--654",
  MONTH = "June",
  YEAR = 1980}

@inproceedings{Horvitz87:Reasoning,
  Author = {Eric J. Horvitz},
  Title = {Reasoning About Beliefs and Actions Under Computational Resource Constraints},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1987 Workshop on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence},
  Year = 1987
}

@Article(huber,
  Author="Huber, G. and McDaniel, R.",
  Title="The decision making paradigm for organizational design",
  Journal="Management Science",
  Key="huber",
  Year="1986",
  Pages="572-589")

@techreport{Hudlicka84:Diagnosing,
  Author = {Eva Hudlick\'a and Victor R. Lesser},
  Title = {Diagnosing the Behavior of a Distributed Problem Solving System},
  Number = {84-03},
  Institution = UmassCS,
  Address = UmassAddr,
  Month = May,
  Year = 1984
}

@inproceedings{Hudlicka84:Design,
  Author = {Eva Hudlick\'a and Victor Lesser},
  Title = {Design of a Knowledge-Based Fault Detection and Diagnosis System},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventeenth Hawaiian International Conference 
               System Sciences},
  Pages = {224-230},
  Month = Jan,
  Year = 1984
}

@inproceedings{Hudlicka84:Meta-level,
  Author = {Eva Hudlick\'a and Victor R. Lesser},
  Title = {Meta-level Control Through Fault Detection and Diagnosis},
  Booktitle = AAAI84, 
  Address = AAAI84Addr,
  Pages = {153-161},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1984
}

@article{Hudlicka85:Construction,
  Author = {Eva Hudlick\'a and Victor R. Lesser},
  Title = {Construction and Use of a Causal Model of a Problem-Solving System},
  Journal = SIGART,
  Number = 93,
  Pages = {48-55},
  Month = Jul,
  Year = 1985
}

@phdthesis{Hudlicka86:Diagnosis,
  Author = {Eva Hudlick\'a},
  Title = {Diagnosing Problem-Solving System Behavior},
  School = Umass,
  Month = Feb,
  Year = 1986,
  Note = {(Also published as Technical Report 86-03,
          Department of Computer and Information Science, University of
          Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, February 1986.)}
}

@techreport{Hudlicka86:Modeling,
  Author = {Eva Hudlick\'a and Victor R. Lesser},
  Title = {Modeling and Reasoning about Problem-Solving System Behavior},
  Number = {86-04},
  Institution = UmassCS,
  Address = UmassAddr,
  Month = Feb,
  Year = 1986
}

@techreport{Hudlicka86:Design,
  Author= "Eva Hudlicka and Victor R. Lesser and Jasmina Pavlin and Anil 
	Rewari",
  Title= "Design of a Distributed Diagnosis System",
  Number= "86-63",
  MONTH = "December",
  YEAR = 1986,
  INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer and Information Science,
	University of Massachusetts",
  ADDRESS = "Amherst, Massachusetts   01003"}


@article{Hudlicka87:Modeling,
  Author = {Eva Hudlick\'a and Victor R. Lesser},
  Title = {Modeling and Diagnosing Problem Solving System Behavior},
  Journal = SMC,
  Volume = 17,
  Number = 3,
  Pages = {407-419},
  Month = May,
  Year = 1987,
  Note = {(Also published in {\it Readings in Distributed Artificial 
          Intelligence}, Alan H. Bond and Les Gasser, editors, pages~490--502, 
          Morgan Kaufmann, 1988.)}
}

@book{Huhns87:Distributed,
  Editor = {Michael Huhns},
  Title = {Distributed Artificial Intelligence},
  Publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  Year = 1987
}

@book{DAI2,
  Editor = {Les Gasser and Michael N. Huhns},
  Title = {Distributed Artificial Intelligence Volume II},
  Publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann},
  Year = 1989
}

@incollection{Huhns87:DAI,
  Author = {Michael N. Huhns and Uttam Mukhopadhyay and Larry M. Stephens and Ronald D. Bonnell},
  Title = {{DAI} for Document Retrieval: {T}he {MINDS} Project},
  Booktitle = {Distributed Artificial Intelligence},
  Editor = {Michael N. Huhns},
  Series = {Research Notes in Artificial Intelligence},
  Publisher = {Pitman},
  Chapter = 9,
  Pages = {249-284},
  Year = 1987
}

%% Letter I:

@manual{Intellicorp87:KEE,
  Author = {Intellicorp},
  Title = {{KEE} V3.1 Reference Manual},
  Year = 1987
}

%% Letter J:

@article{Jagannathan86:Distributed,
  Author = {V. Jagannathan and Rajendra Dodhiawala},
  Title = {Distributed Artificial Intelligence: {A}n Annotated Bibliography},
  Journal = SIGART,
  Number = 95,
  Pages = {44-56},
  Month = Jan,
  Year = 1986,
  Note = {(Also published as Chapter 12 of {\it Distributed Artificial Intelligence},
          Michael N. Huhns, editor, Pitman, 1987.)}
}

@techreport{Jagannathan88:Realizing,
  Author = {V. Jagannathan},
  Title = {Realizing the Concurrent Blackboard Model},
  Number = {BCS-G2010-61},
  Institution = {Boeing Advanced Technology Center},
  Address = {P.O. Box 24346, MS 7L-64, Seattle, Washington 98124},
  Month = Mar,
  Year = 1988
}

@InCollection(Jarke88,
   Author="Jarke, M., Jelassi, M.T., and Shakun, M.F.",
   Title="MEDIATOR: Towards a Negotiation Support System",
   Key="Jarke",
   Editor="Shakun, M. F.",
   BookTitle="Evolutionary Systems Design: Policy Making Under Complexity and Group Decision Support",
   Publisher="Holden-Day, Inc.",
   Address="Oakland, CA",
   Year="1988")

@manual{Johnson87:GBBv10,
  Author = {Philip M. Johnson and Kevin Q. Gallagher and Daniel D. Corkill}, 
  Title = {{GBB} Reference Manual},
  Organization = UmassCS,
  Address = UmassAddr,
  Edition = {{GBB} {V}ersion 1.0},
  Month = Mar,
  Year = 1987,
  Note = {(Published as Technical Report 87-36,
          Department of Computer and Information Science, University of
          Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, March 1987.)}
}

@manual{Johnson87:GBB,
  Author = {Philip M. Johnson and Kevin Q. Gallagher and Daniel D. Corkill}, 
  Title = {{GBB} Reference Manual},
  Organization = UmassCS,
  Address = UmassAddr,
  Edition = {{GBB} {V}ersion 1.1},
  Month = Dec,
  Year = 1987,
  Note = {(Published as Technical Report 87-120,
          Department of Computer and Information Science, University of
          Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, December 1987.)}
}

@techreport{Johnson87:Integrating,
  Author = {Philip M. Johnson and Daniel D. Corkill and Kevin Q. Gallagher},
  Title = {Integrating {BB1}-Style Control into the {G}eneric {B}lackboard {S}ystem},
  Number = {87-59},
  Institution = UmassCS,
  Address = UmassAddr,
  Month = Jun,
  Year = 1987,
  Note = {(Presented at the AAAI-87 Blackboard Workshop, Seattle, Washington, 
           July 13, 1987.)}
}

@inproceedings{Jones79:TASK,
  Author = {Anita K. Jones and Karsten Schwans},
  Title = {{TASK} Forces: {D}istributed Software for Solving Problems of
           Substantial Size},
  Booktitle = {4th International Conference on Software Engineering},
  Address = {Munich, Germany},
  Pages = {315-330},
  Month = Sep,
  Year = 1979}

%% Letter K:

@inproceedings{Kahn78:Advances,
  Author = {R. E. Kahn and S. A. Gronemeyer and J. Burchfiel and R. C. 
            Kunzelman.},
  Title = {Advances in Packet Radio Technology},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE},
  Month = Nov,
  Year = 1978, 
  Pages = {1468-1496}
}

@book{Kast74:Organization,
  Author = {F. E. Kast and J. E. Rosenzweig},
  Title = {Organization and Management},
  Publisher = MH, 
  Edition = {Second},
  Year = 1974
} 

@Article(Kersten.NEGO,
  Author="Kersten, G. E.",
  Title="NEGO - Group Decision Support System",
  Journal="Information and Management",
  Key="Kersten",
  Year="1985",
  Volume="8",
  Pages="237-246")

@Article(Kersten86,
   Author="Kersten, G.E., and Szapiro, T.",
   Title="Generalized Approach to Modelling Negotiations",
   Journal="European Journal of Operational Research",
   Key="Kersten",
   Volume="26",
   Year="1986",
   Pages="142-149")

@article{Kilmer69:Model,
  Author = {W. L. Kilmer and W. S. McCulloch and J. Blum},
  Title = {A Model of the Vertebrate Central Command System},
  Journal = {International Journal of Man-Machine Studies},
  Volume = 1,
  Number = 3,
  Pages = {279-309},
  Month = Jul, 
  Year = 1969
}

@article{Kimbleton75:Computer,
  Author = {S. R. Kimbleton and G. M. Schneider},
  Title = {Computer Communication Networks: {A}pproaches, objectives, and
           performance considerations},
  Journal = Surveys,
  Volume = 7,
  Number = 3,
  Pages = {129-173}, 
  Month = Sep, 
  Year = 1975
}

@inproceedings{Klahr80:Knowledge-based,
  Authors = {Philip Klahr and William S. Faught},
  Title = {Knowledge-based Simulation},
  Booktitle = AAAI80, 
  Address = AAAI80Addr,
  Pages = {181-183}, 
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1980
}

@book{Kohler82:Intermediate,
  AUTHOR = "Heinz Kohler",
  TITLE = "Intermediate Microeconmonics Theory and Applications",
  PUBLISHER = "Scott, Foresman and Company",
  YEAR = 1982}

@article{Kohler81:Survey,
  Author = {Walter H. Kohler},
  Title = {A Survey of Techniques for Synchronization and Recovery in
           Decentralized Computer Systems},
  Journal = Surveys,
  Volume = 13,
  Number = 2,
  Pages = {149-183}, 
  Month = Jun,
  Year = 1981
}

@Inproceedings(Konolige80, 
  Author="Konolige, K, and Nilsson, N. J.",
  Title="Multiple-Agent Planning Systems",
  Key="Konolige",
  Organization="AAAI",
  Booktitle="Proceedings of AAAI-80",
  Address="Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA.",
  Year="1980",
  Pages="138-142")

@inproceedings{Konolige82:Circumscriptive,
  Author = {Kurt Konolige},
  Title = {Circumscriptive Ignorance},
  Booktitle = AAAI82,
  Address = AAAI82Addr,
  Pages = {202-204},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1982
}

@inproceedings{Konolige83:Deductive,
  Author = {Kurt Konolige},
  Title = {A Deductive Model of Belief},
  Booktitle = IJCAI83,
  Address = IJCAI83Addr,
  Pages = {377-381},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1983
}

@Book(Konolige86,
  Author="Konolige, K.",
  Title="A Deduction Model of Belief",
  Key="Konolige",
  Publisher="Pitman Publishers/Morgan Kaufman Publishers",
  Address="San Mateo, CA.",
  Year="1986")

@inproceedings{Korf89:Multiagent,
  Author = {Richard E. Korf},
  Title = {Multi-Agent Decision Trees},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1989 Distributed AI Workshop},
  Month = Sep,
  Pages = {293-306},
  Year = 1989
}

@inproceedings{Kornfeld79:ETHER,
  Author = {William A. Kornfeld},
  Title = {{ETHER}: {A} parallel problem solving system},
  Booktitle = IJCAI79,
  Address = IJCAI79Addr,
  Pages = {490-492},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1979
}

@article{Kornfeld81:Scientific,
  Author = {William A. Kornfeld and Carl E. Hewitt},
  Title = {The Scientific Community Metaphor},
  Journal = SMC,
  Volume = {SMC-11},
  Number = 1,
  Pages = {24-33},
  Month = Jan, 
  Year = 1981,
  Note = {(Also published in {\it Readings in Distributed Artificial 
          Intelligence}, Alan H. Bond and Les Gasser, editors, pages~311--320, 
          Morgan Kaufmann, 1988.)}
}

@inproceedings{Kurose85:Microeconomic,
  Author = {J. F. Kurose and M. Schwartz and Y. Yemini},
  Title = {A Microeconomic Approach to Optimization of Channel Access
	Policies in Multiaccess Networks},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on
	Distributed Computing Systems},
  Pages = {70--80},
  Month = May,
  Year = 1985
}

%% Letter L:

@inproceedings{Lacoss78:Strawman,
  Author = {R. Lacoss and R. Walton},
  Title = {Strawman Design of a {DSN} to Detect and Track Low Flying Aircraft},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the Distributed Sensor Nets Workshop},
  Pages = {41-52},
  Year = 1978,
  Note = {Published by the Department of Computer Science, Carnegie-Mellon 
          University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}
}

@article{Laffey88:Real-Time,
  Author = {Thomas J. Laffey and Preston A. Cox and James L. Schmidt and Simon M. Kao and Jackson Y. Read},
  Title = {Real-Time Knowledge-Based Systems},
  Journal = AIMag,
  Volume = 9,
  Number = 1,
  Pages = {27-45},
  Month = {Spring},
  Year = 1988}

@article{Laird87:SOAR,
  Author = {John E.~Laird and Allen Newell and Paul S.~Rosenbloom},
  Title = {{SOAR}: {A}n Architecture for General Intelligence},
  Journal = AI,
  Pages = {1-64},
  Year = 1987
}

@book{Laird86:Universal,
  AUTHOR = "John Laird and Paul Rosenbloom and Allen Newell",
  TITLE = "Universal Subgoaling and Chunking: The automatic generation and learning of goal hierarchies",
  PUBLISHER = "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
  YEAR = 1986}

@Inproceedings(Lancaster&Kolodner.cogsci88,
  Author="Lancaster, J. and Kolodner, J.L",
  Title="Varieties of Learning from Problem Solving Experience",
  Key="Lancaster",
  Organization="The Cognitive Science Society",
  Booktitle="Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society",
  Address="Montreal, Canada",
  Year="1988",
  Pages="447-453")

@inproceedings{Lander88:Negotiation,
  Author = {Susan Lander and Victor Lesser},
  Title = {Negotiation Among Cooperating Experts},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1988 Distributed AI Workshop},
  Month = May,
  Year = 1988
}

@techreport{Lansky85:Behavioral,
  Author = {Amy L. Lansky},
  Title = {Behavioral Specification and Planning for Multiagent Domains},
  Number = {360},
  Institution = {SRI International, Menlo Park CA},
  Year = 1985
}

@inproceedings{Lansky87:Localized,
  Author = {Amy L. Lansky and Dan Fogelsong},
  Title = {Localized Representation and Planning Methods for Parallel Domains},
  Booktitle = AAAI87,
  Address = AAAI87Addr,
  Pages = {240-245},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1987
}

@Article(laughlin.88,
  Author="Laughlin, P.R.",
  Title="Collective induction: Group performance, social combination processes and mutual majority and minority influences",
  Journal="Journal of Personality and Social Psychology",
  Key="laughlin",
  Year="1988",
  Volume="54",
  Pages="254-267")

@techrept{Lawrence67:Organization,
  Author = {P. R. Lawrence and J. W. Lorsch},
  Title = {Organization and Environment: {M}anaging differentiation and 
           integration},
  Organization = {Division of Research, Harvard Business School, Harvard University},
  Year = 1967
}

@inproceedings{LeBlanc82:Design,
  Author = {Richard J. LeBlanc and Arthur B. Maccabe},
  Title = {The Design of a Programming Language Based on Connectivity Networks},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Distributed
               Computing Systems},
  Address = {Miami/Ft.~Lauderdale, Florida},
  Pages = {532-541},
  Month = Oct,
  Year = 1982
}

@techreport{LeBlanc86:Shared,
  Author = {Thomas J. LeBlanc},
  Title = {Shared Memory Versus Message-Passing in a Tightly-Coupled 
           Multiprocessor: {A} Case Study},
  Institution = {University of Rochester Computer Science Department},
  Number = 3,
  Month = Jan,
  Year = 1986
}

@Inproceedings(lee&malone.88,
  Author="Lee, J. and Malone, T.W.",
  Title="How can groups communicate when they use different languages?",
  Key="lee", 
  Booktitle=" Proceedings of the Conference of Office Information Systems",
  Address="Palo Alto, CA.",
  Year="1988")

@article{Leinweber87:Expert,
  Author = {David Leinweber},
  Title = {Expert Systems in Space},
  Journal = {IEEE Expert},
  Volume = 2,
  Number = 1,
  Pages = {26-36},
  Month = {Spring},
  Year = 1987
}

@inproceedings{Lenat75:Beings,
  Author = {Douglas B. Lenat},
  Title = {Beings: {K}nowledge as Interacting Experts},
  Booktitle = IJCAI75, 
  Address = IJCAI75Addr,
  Pages = {126-133},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1975,
  Note = {(Also published in {\it Readings in Distributed Artificial 
          Intelligence}, Alan H. Bond and Les Gasser, editors, pages~161--168, 
          Morgan Kaufmann, 1988.)}
}

@inproceedings{Lesser77:Retrospective,
  Author = {Victor R. Lesser and Lee D. Erman},
  Title = {A Retrospective View of the {H}earsay-{II} Architecture},
  Booktitle = IJCAI77,
  Address = IJCAI77Addr,
  Pages = {790-800},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1977
}

@techreport{Lesser78:Cooperative,
  Author = {Victor R. Lesser and Daniel D. Corkill},
  Title = {Cooperative Distributed Problem Solving: {A} new approach for 
           structuring distributed systems},
  Number = {78-7}, 
  Institution = UmassCS,
  Address = UmassAddr,
  Month = May,
  Year = 1978
}

@inproceedings{Lesser78:Functionally,
  Author = {Victor R. Lesser and Daniel D. Corkill},
  Title = {Functionally-Accurate, Cooperative Distributed Systems},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the Distributed Sensor Nets Workshop}, 
  Address = {Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania},
  Pages = {21-26},
  Month = Dec,
  Year = 1978
}

@inproceedings{Lesser79:Application,
  Author = {Victor R. Lesser and Daniel D. Corkill},
  Title = {The Application of {A}rtificial {I}ntelligence Techniques to Cooperative
           Distributed Processing},
  Booktitle = IJCAI79, 
  Address = IJCAI79Addr,
  Pages = {537-540},  
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1979
}

@inproceedings{Lesser79:PCL,
  Author = {Victor R. Lesser and Daniel Serrain and Jeff Bonar},
  Title = {{PCL:} {A} Process-Oriented Job Control Lanuage},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference on Distributed
               Computing Systems},
  Pages = {315-329},  
  Year = 1979
}

@article{Lesser80:Cooperative,
  Author = {Victor R. Lesser},
  Title = {Cooperative Distributed Problem Solving and Organizational 
           Self-design},
  Journal = SIGART,
  Pages = {46},
  Month = Oct,
  Year = 1980,
  Note = {(Part of the ``Report on the Workshop on Distributed AI'')}
}

@article{Lesser80:Distributed,
  Author = {Victor R. Lesser and Lee D. Erman},
  Title = {Distributed Interpretation:  {A} Model and Experiment},
  Journal = C,
  Volume = {C-29},
  Number = 12,
  Pages = {1144-1163}, 
  Month = Dec, 
  Year = 1980,
  Note = {(Also published in {\it Readings in Distributed Artificial 
          Intelligence}, Alan H. Bond and Les Gasser, editors, pages~120--139, 
          Morgan Kaufmann, 1988.)}
}

@article{Lesser80:Models,
  Author = {Victor R. Lesser},
  Title = {Models of Problem-Solving},
  Journal = SIGART,
  Number = 73,
  Pages = {51},
  Month = Oct,
  Year = 1980,
  Note = {(Part of the ``Report on the Workshop on Distributed AI'')}
}

@inproceedings{Lesser80:Quantifying,
  Author = {V. R. Lesser and S. Reed and J. Pavlin},
  Title = {Quantifying and Simulating the Behavior of Knowledge-Based 
           Interpretation Systems},
  Booktitle = AAAI80, 
  Address = AAAI80Addr,
  Pages = {111-115}, 
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1980
} 

@article{Lesser81:Functionally,
  Author = {Victor R. Lesser and Daniel D. Corkill},  
  Title = {Functionally Accurate, Cooperative Distributed Systems},
  Journal = SMC,
  Volume = {SMC-11},
  Number = 1,
  Pages = {81-96},
  Month = Jan, 
  Year = 1981
}

@techreport{Lesser81:High-level,
  Author = {Victor Lesser and Daniel Corkill and Jasmina Pavlin and Larry 
            Lefkowitz and Eva Hudlick\'a and Richard Brooks and Scott Reed},
  Title = {A High-level Simulation Testbed for Cooperative Distributed Problem 
           Solving},
  Number = {81-16},
  Institution = UmassCS,
  Address = UmassAddr,
  Month = Jun,
  Year = 1981,
  Note = {(Revised and shortened versions of this report appeared in {\it
          Proceedings of the Distributed Sensor Networks Workshop}, MIT Lincoln
          Laboratory, Lexington, Massachusetts, pages~247--270, January 1982,
          and in {\it Proceedings of the Third International Conference on
          Distributed Computer Systems}, pages~341--349, October 1982.)}
}

@article{Lesser83:Distributed,
  Author = {Victor R. Lesser and Daniel D. Corkill},
  Title = {The {D}istributed {V}ehicle {M}onitoring {T}estbed:  {A} Tool For 
           Investigating Distributed Problem Solving Networks},
  Journal = AIMag,
  Volume = 4,
  Number = 3,
  Pages = {15-33},
  Month = {Fall},
  Year = 1983, 
  Note ={(Also published in {\it Blackboard Systems}, Robert S. Engelmore and
         Anthony Morgan, editors, pages~353--386, Addison-Wesley, 1988 and in
         {\it Readings from AI Magazine: Volumes 1--5}, Robert Engelmore, editor,
         pages 69--85, AAAI, Menlo Park, California, 1988)}
}

@unpublished{Lesser84:Panel,
  Author = {Victor R. Lesser},
  Title = {Panel on ``{I}nformation {P}rocessors as {O}rganizations'',
           {P}resented at the {N}ational {C}onference on {A}rtifical
           {I}ntelligence, {A}ustin, {T}exas},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1984,
  Note = {(Description of the panel appeared in {\it Science},
          225:1136-1137, September 10, 1984)} 
}

@incollection{Lesser87:Distributed,
  Author = {Victor R. Lesser and Daniel D. Corkill}, 
  Title = {Distributed Problem Solving},
  Booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence},
  Publisher = JW,
  Pages = {245-251},
  Year = 1987
}

@techreport{Lesser87:Update,
  Author = {Victor R. Lesser and Daniel D. Corkill and Edmund H. Durfee},
  Title = {An Update on the {D}istributed {V}ehicle {M}onitoring {T}estbed},
  Number = {87-111},
  Institution = UmassCS,
  Address = UmassAddr,
  Month = Dec,
  Year = {1987}
}

@article{Lesser88:Approximate,
  Author = "Victor R. Lesser and Jasmina Pavlin and Edmund H. Durfee",
  Title = "Approximate Processing in Real-time Problem Solving",
  Journal = AIMag,
  Volume = 9,
  Number = 1,
  Pages = {49-61},
  Month = {Spring},
  Year = 1988}

@techreport{Lesser88:Details,
  Author = {Victor R. Lesser and Daniel D. Corkill and Joseph A. Hernandez
            and Robert C. Whitehair},
  Title = {Details of Goal Processing in Blackboard Architectures},
  Number = {88-19},
  Institution = UmassCS,
  Address = UmassAddr,
  Month = Mar,
  Year = 1988,
  Note = {(Presented at the AAAI-88 Blackboard Workshop, Seattle, Washington, 
           August 24, 1988.)}
}

@journal{Levin77:Dialogue-games,
  author = {James A. Levin and James A. Moore},
  Title = {Dialogue-games: {M}etacommuncation Structures for Natural Language 
           Interaction},
  Journal = CogSci,
  Volume = 1,
  Number = 4,
  Pages = {395-420},
  Month = Oct,
  Year = 1977,
  Note = {(Also published in {\it Readings in Distributed Artificial 
          Intelligence}, Alan H. Bond and Les Gasser, editors, pages~385--397, 
          Morgan Kaufmann, 1988.)}
}

@Article(lewin,
  Author="Lewin, A. and Minton, J.",
  Title="Determining Organizational Effectiveness: Another look and an agenda for research",
  Journal="Management Science",
  Key="lewin",
  Year="1986",
  Pages="514-538")

@article{Lim82:HISDL,
  Author = {Willie Y-P. Lim},
  Title = {{HISDL}---{A} Structure Description Language},
  Journal = CACM,
  Volume = 25,
  Number = 11,
  Pages = {823-830},
  Month = Nov,
  Year = 1982
}

@techreport{Liu87:Scheduling,
  AUTHOR = "Jane W. S. Liu and Kwei-Jay Lin and Swaminathan Natarajan",
  TITLE = "Scheduling Real-Time, Periodic Jobs Using Imprecise Results",
  YEAR = "1987",
  INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science, 
	University of Illinois"}

@article{Lowrance77:Hendrix's,
  Author = {John D. Lowrance and Daniel P. Friedman},
  Title = {Hendrix's Model for Simultaneous Actions and Continuous Processes: {A}n 
           Introduction and Implementation},
  Journal = {International Journal of Man-Machine Studies}, 
  Pages = {537-581}, 
  Year = 1977
}

@techreport{Lowrance78:GRASPER,
  Author = {John D. Lowrance},
  Title = {{GRASPER} 1.0 Reference Manual},
  Number = {78-20},
  Institution = UmassCS,
  Address = UmassAddr,
  Month = Feb,
  Year = 1979
}

@techreport{Lowrance79:Design,
  Author = {John D. Lowrance and Daniel D. Corkill},
  Title = {The Design of {GRASPER} 1.0: {A} Programming Language Extension for Graph
           Processing},
  Number = {79-6},
  Institution = UmassCS,
  Address = UmassAddr,
  Month = Feb,
  Year = 1979
}

@phdthesis{Lowrance82:Dependency-graph,
  Author = {John Douglas Lowrance},
  Title = {Dependency-graph Models of Evidential Support},
  School = Umass,
  Month = Feb,
  Year = 1983,
  Note = {(Also published as Technical Report 82-26,
          Department of Computer and Information Science, University of
          Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, Septemeber 1982.)}
}

@inprocedings{Lu88:Distributed,
  Author = {Lu and Thompson},
  Title = {A Distributed Artificial Intelligence Approach to Integrated Engineering Design},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Conference 
               in Industrial and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence and 
               Expert Systems},
  Address = {Tullahoma, Tennessee},
  Year = 1988
}

@inproceedings{Luckhardt86:Algorithmic,
  Author = {C. A. Luckhardt and K. B. Irani},
  Title = {An Algorithmic Solution of {N}-person Games},
  Booktitle = AAAI86,
  Address = AAAI86Addr,
  Pages = {158-162},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1986
}

@Inproceedings(Luria87,
  Author="Luria, M",
  Title="Goal Conflict Concerns",
  Key="Luria",
  Organization="IJCAI",
  Booktitle="Proceedings of IJCAI-87",
  Address="Milan, Italy",
  Year="1987",
  Pages="1025-1031")

%% Letter M:

@misc{Maines84:Urban,
  Author = {David Maines (editor)},
  Title = {Urban Life},
  Note = {Special issue on negotiated order theory},
  Year = 1984
}

@inproceedings{Maimon85:Multi,
  AUTHOR = "Oded Z. Maimon",
  TITLE = "A Multi-Robot Control Experimental System with Random Parts Arrival",
  BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the 1985 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation",
  PAGES = "895--900",
  YEAR = 1985}

@techreport{Malone83:Enterprise,
  Author = {T. W. Malone and R. E. Fikes and M. T. Howard},
  Title = {Enterprise: {A} market-like task scheduler for distributed computing
           environments},
  Type = {Working Paper},
  Number = {CISR WP 111 (Sloan WP 1537-84)},
  Institution = {Center for Information Systems Research, Massachusetts
                 Institute of Technology},
  Address = MITAddr,
  Year = 1983
}

@techreport{Malone84:Tradeoffs,
  Author = {T. W. Malone and S. A. Smith},
  Title = {Tradeoffs in Designing Organizations: {I}mplications for new forms
           of human organizations and computer systems},
  Type = {Working Paper},
  Number = {CISR WP 112 (Sloan WP 1541-84)},
  Institution = {Center for Information Systems Research, Massachusetts
                 Institute of Technology},
  Address = MITAddr,
  Month = Mar,
  Year = 1984
}

@techreport{Malone86:Market-like,
  Author = {T.W. Malone and R.E. Fikes and K.R. Grant and M.T. Howard},
  Title = {Market-like Task Scheduling in Distributed Computing Environments},
  Institution = {MIT Center for Information Systems Research},
  Number = {CISR-WP-139},
  Month = Mar,
  Year = 1986
}

@article{Malone87:Modeling,
  Author = {Thomas W. Malone},
  Title = {Modeling Coordination in Organizations and Markets},
  Journal = {Management Science},
  Volume = 33,
  Number = 10,
  Pages = {1317-1332}, 
  Year = 1987,
  Note = {(Also published in {\it Readings in Distributed Artificial 
          Intelligence}, Alan H. Bond and Les Gasser, editors, pages~151--158, 
          Morgan Kaufmann, 1988.)}
}

@article{Malone87:Intelligent,
  Author = {Thomas W. Malone and Kenneth R. Grant and Franklyn A. Turbak and Stephen A. Brobst and Michael D. Cohen},
  Title = {Intelligent Information-Sharing Systems},
  Journal = CACM, 
  Volume = 30,
  Number = 5,
  Pages = {390-402}, 
  Year = 1987
}

@Article(malone&yates.87,
  Author="Malone, T.W., Yates, J. and Benjamin, R.I.",
  Title ="Electronic markets and electronic hierarchies",
  Journal="Communications of the ACM",
  Key="malone",
  Year="1987",
  Volume="30",
  Pages="484-497")

@inproceedings{Malone88:What,
  Author = {Thomas W. Malone},
  Title = {What is Coordination Theory?},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the National Science Foundation Coordination 
               Theory Workshop},
  Month = Feb,
  Year = 1988
}

@inproceedings{Mann79:Design,
  Author = {William C. Mann},
  Title = {Design for Dialogue Comprehension},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Meeting of the Association
               for Computational Linguistics},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1979
}

@inproceedings{Marain83:Large-scale,
  Author = {Sanjai Narain and David McArthur and Philip Klahr},  
  Title = {Large-scale System Development in Several {L}isp Environments},
  Booktitle = IJCAI83, 
  Address = IJCAI83Addr,
  Pages = {859-861},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1983
}

@book{March58:Organizations,
  Author = {James G. March and Herbert A. Simon},
  Title = {Organizations},
  Publisher = JW,
  Year = 1958
}

@inproceedings{Martial89:Multiagent,
  Author = {Frank von Martial},
  Title = {Multiagent Plan Relationships},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1989 Distributed AI Workshop},
  Month = Sep,
  Pages = {59-72},
  Year = 1989
}

@inproceedings{Mason88:Seismic,
  Author = {C. Mason and R. Johnson and R. Searfus and D. Lager and T. Canales},  
  Title = {A Seismic Event Analyzer for Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Verification},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Applications
               of Artificial Intelligence in Engineering}, 
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1988
}

@incollection{Mason89:DATMS,
  Author = {Cindy L. Mason and Rowland R. Johnson},
  Title = {{DATMS}: {A} Framework for Distributed Assumption Based Reasoning},
  Booktitle = {Distributed Artificial Intelligence},
  Volume = 2,
  Editor = {Les Gasser and Michael N. Huhns},
  Series = {Research Notes in Artificial Intelligence},
  Publisher = {Pitman},
  Pages={293-317},
  Year = 1989
}

@TechReport(Matwin.negot,
  Author="Matwin, S., Szpakowicz, S., Kersten, G., Michalowski, W.,
Koperczak, Z.",
  Key="Matwin",
  Title="Logic-based Tools for Negotiation Support", 
  Institution="University of Ottawa", Year="1987",
  Number="87-10")

@inproceedings{Mazer87:Exploring,
  Author = {Murray S. Mazer},  
  Title = {Exploring the Use of Distributed Problem-Solving in Office Support Systems},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Symposium on Office Automation}, 
  Pages = {217-225},
  Month = Apr,
  Year = 1987
}

@inproceedings{McArthur82:Framework,
  Author = {Dave McArthur and Randy Steeb and Stephanie Cammarata},
  Title = {A Framework for Distributed Problem Solving},
  Booktitle = AAAI82, 
  Address = AAAI82Addr,
  Pages = {181-184},  
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1982
}

@article{McCalla82:Plan,
  AUTHOR = "Gordon I. McCalla and Larry Reid and Peter F. Schneider",
  TITLE = "Plan Creation, Plan Execution, and Knowledge Acquisition in a
	Dynamic Microworld",
  JOURNAL = MAN-MACHINE,
  VOLUME = 16,
  PAGES = "89--112",
  YEAR = 1982}

@book{McCarthy65:Lisp,
  Author = {John McCarthy and Paul W. Abrahams and Daniel J. Edwards
            and Timothy P. Hart and Michael I. Levin},
  Title = {Lisp 1.5 Programmer's Manual},
  Publisher = {MIT Press},
  Edition = {Second},
  Year = 1965
}
						;
@book{McClelland87:Parallel,
  Author = {James L. McClelland and David E. Rumelhart and the PDP Research Group},
  Title = {Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition (2 Volumes)},
  Publisher = {MIT Press},
  Year = 1987
}

@inbook{McCulloch65:What's,
  Author = {Warren S. McCulloch},
  Chapter = {What's in the Brain that Ink may Character?},
  Title = {Embodiments of Mind},
  Publisher = {MIT Press},
  Pages = {387-397},
  Year = 1965
}

@article{McDermott78:Planning,
  Author = {Drew McDermott},
  Title = {Planning and Acting},
  Journal = CogSci, 
  Number = 2,
  Pages = {71-109}, 
  Year = 1978
}

@article{McDermott82:Temporal,
  AUTHOR = "Drew McDermott",
  TITLE = "A Temporal Logic for Reasoning About Processes and Plans",
  JOURNAL = COGSCI,
  VOLUME = 6,
  PAGES = "101--155",
  YEAR = 1982}

@article{McDermott84:Planning,
  Author = {Drew McDermott and Ernest Davis},
  Title = {Planning Routes through Uncertain Territory},
  Journal = AI, 
  Pages = {107-156}, 
  Year = 1984
}

@techreport{McDermott86:Critique,
  Author = {Drew V. McDermott},
  Title = {A Critique of Pure Reason},
  Number = {YaleU/CSD/RR-480},
  Institution = {Yale University},
  Address = {New Haven, CT},
  Month = Jun,
  Year = 1986
}

@Article(mcguire.87,
  Author="McGuire, T.W., Kiesler, S., and Siegel, J.",
  Title="Group and Computer-Mediated Discussion Effects in Risk Decision Making",
  Journal="Journal of Personality and Social Psychology",
  Key="mcguire",
  Year="1987",
  Volume="5",
  Pages="917-930")

@inproceedings{Meehan80:Everything,
  Author = {James R. Meehan},
  Title = {Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Authority Structures But 
           Were Unable to Represent},
  Booktitle = AAAI80, 
  Address = AAAI80Addr,
  Pages = {212-214},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1980
}

@phdthesis{Miller87:Multischeme,
  Author = {James S. Miller},
  Title = {Multischeme: {A} parallel processing system based on {MIT} {S}cheme},
  School = MIT,
  Address = MITAddr,
  Month = Sep,
  Year = 1987,
  Note = {(Also published as Technical Report MIT/LCS/TR-402, Laboratory for 
         Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of
         Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, September 1987.)}
}

@book{Miller78:Living,
  Author = {James Grier Miller},
  Title = {Living Systems},
  Publisher = MH,
  Year = 1978
}

@incollection{Minsky79:Society,
  Author = {Marvin Minsky},
  Title = {The Society Theory of Thinking},
  Booktitle = {{A}rtificial {I}ntelligence: {A}n {MIT} Persective}, 
  Editor = {Patrick Henry Winston and Richard Henry Brown},
  Pages = {423-450},  
  Publisher = {MIT Press}, 
  Year = 1979
}

@article{Minsky80:K-lines,
  Author = {Marvin Minsky},
  Title = {{K}-lines: {A} Theory of Memory},
  Journal = CogSci, 
  Pages = {117-133}, 
  Year = 1980
}

@Book(mintzberg,
   Author="Mintzberg, H.",
   Title="The Structuring of Organizations: A Synthesis of the Research",
   Key="mintzberg",
   Publisher="Prentice Hall",
   Address="Englewood Cliffs, N.J.",
   Year="1979")

@inproceedings{Morgenstern87:Knowledge,
  Author = {Leora Morgenstern},
  Title = {Knowledge Preconditions for Actions and Plans},
  Booktitle = AAAI87,
  Address = AAAI87Addr,
  Pages = {867-874},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1987,
  Note = {(Also published in {\it Readings in Distributed Artificial 
          Intelligence}, Alan H. Bond and Les Gasser, editors, pages~151--158, 
          Morgan Kaufmann, 1988.)}
}

@techreport{Murray88:Common,
  Author = {Kelly E. Murray and Daniel D. Corkill},
  Title = {{C}ommon {L}isp Object Representation Strategies: {T}he {UM}ass
  {P}arallel {I}mplementation of {C}ommon {L}isp Implementation},
  Number = {88-35},
  Institution = UmassCS,
  Address = UmassAddr,
  Month = Apr,
  Year = 1988
}

@Inproceedings(Muscettola87,
  Author="Muscettola, N., Smith, S.",
  Title="A Probabilistic Framework for Resource-Constrained Multi-Agent Planning",
  Key="Muscettola",
  Organization="IJCAI",
  Booktitle="Proceedings of IJCAI-87",
  Address="Milan, Italy",
  Year="1987",
  Pages="1063-1066")

%@inproceedings{Musliner90:Execution,
%  Author = {David J. Musliner and Edmund H. Durfee and Kang G. Shin},
%  Title = {Execution Monitoring and Recovery Planning with Time},
%  Booktitle = AAAI90,
%  Year = {(under submission)}
%}

%% Letter N:

@inbook{Nadler77:Motivation,
  Author = {David A. Nadler and Edward E. Lawler, III},
  Chapter = {Motivation: {A} diagnostic approach},
  Title = {Perspectives on Behavior in Organizations},
  Publisher = MH, 
  Pages = {26-34},
  Year = 1977
}

@article{Narendra74:Learning,
  AUTHOR = "Kumpati S. Narendra and M. A. L. Thathachar",
  TITLE = "Learning Automata---A Survey",
  JOURNAL = "IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics",
  VOLUME = "SMC-4",
  NUMBER = 4,
  PAGES = "323--334",
  MONTH = "July",
  YEAR = 1974}

@book{Newell72:Human,
  Author = {A. Newell and H. A. Simon},
  Title = {Human Problem Solving},
  Publisher = PH,
  Year = 1972
}

@incollection{Nii78:Rule,
  Author = {Penny Nii and Edward A. Feigenbaum},
  Title = {Rule Based Understanding of Signals},
  Booktitle = {Pattern-Directed Inference Systems},
  Editor = {D. A. Waterman and Frederick Hayes-Roth},
  Pages = {483-501},
  Publisher = AP,
  Year = 1978
}

@article{Nii82:Signal-to-signal,
  Author = {H. Penny Nii and Edward A. Feigenbaum and John J. Anton and A. 
            J. Rockmore},
  Title = {Signal-to-Symbol Transformation: {HASP/SIAP} case study},
  Journal = AIMag,
  Volume = 3,
  Number = 2,
  Pages = {23-35}, 
  Month = {Spring},
  Year = 1982
}

@article{Nii86:Blackboard:Part1,
  Author = {H. Penny Nii},
  Title = {Blackboard Systems: {T}he Blackboard Model of Problem Solving and the 
          Evolution of Blackboard Architectures},
  Journal = AIMag,
  Volume = 7,
  Number = 2,
  Pages = {38-53}, 
  Month = {Summer},
  Year = 1986
}

@article{Nii86:Blackboard:Part2,
  Author = {H. Penny Nii},
  Title = {Blackboard Application Systems: {B}lackboard Systems from 
           a Knowledge Engineering Perspective},
  Journal = AIMag,
  Volume = 7,
  Number = 3,
  Pages = {82-106}, 
  Month = {Conference},
  Year = 1986
}

@incollection{Nilsson79:Production,
  Author = {N. J. Nilsson},
  Title = {A Production System for Automatic Deduction},
  Booktitle = {Machine Intelligence},
  Editor = {J. E. Hayes and Donald Michie and L. I. Mikulich},
  Publisher = {Halsted Press},
  Pages = {101-126},
  Year = 1979
}

@article{Nilsson80:Two,
  Author = {Nils J. Nilsson},
  Title = {Two Heads are Better than One},
  Journal = SIGART,
  Number = 73,
  Pages = 43,
  Month = Oct,
  Year = 1980
}

@Book{Nilsson80:Principles,
  Author = {Nils J. Nilsson},
  Title = {Principles of {A}rtificial {I}ntelligence},
  Publisher = {Tioga}, 
  Year = 1980
}

@incollection{Nirenburg88:Providing,
  Author = {Sergei Nirenburg and Victor Lesser},
  Title = {Providing Intelligent Assistance in Distributed Office Environments},
  Booktitle = {Readings in Distributed Artificial Intelligence},
  Editor = {Alan H. Bond and Les Gasser},
  Publisher = {Morgan Kaufman},
  Pages = {590-598},
  Year = 1988
}

%% Letter O:

@article{Oberquelle83:View,
  AUTHOR = "Horst Oberquelle and Ingbert Kupka and Susanne Maass",
  TITLE = "A View of Human-Machine Communication and Co-Operation",
  JOURNAL = MAN-MACHINE,
  VOLUME = 19,
  PAGES = "309--333",
  YEAR = 1983}

@Article(orbell.88,
  Author="Orbell, J.M., Dawes, R.M., and van der Kragt, A.J.C.",
  Title="Explaining Discussion-Induced Cooperation",
  Journal="Journal of Personality and Social Psychology",
  Key="orbell",
  Year="1988",
  Pages="811-819")

@InCollection(Ow88b, Key="Ow et.al.",
  Author="Ow, P.S., S.F. Smith, and R.E. Howie",
  Title="CSS: A Cooperative Scheduling System", Editor="M.D. Oliff",
  BookTitle="Expert Systems and Intelligent Manufacturing",
  Publisher="Elsevier Science Publishing Co.", Year="1988")

@InCollection(Ow&Smith88, Key="Ow&Smith",
  Author="Ow, P.S. and S.F. Smith",
  Title="Viewing Scheduling as an Opportunistic Problem Solving Process",
  Editor="R.G. Jeroslow", Publisher="Baltzer Scientific Publishing Co.",
  BookTitle="Annals of Operations Research: Approaches to Intelligent Decision Support",
  Year="1988")

%% Letter P:

@InProceedings(Parunak86, Key="Parunak",
  Author="Parunak, H.V., P.W. Lozo, R. Judd, B.W. Irish",
  Title="A Distributed Heuristic Strategy for Material Transportation",
  BookTitle="Proceedings 1986 Conference on Intelligent Systems and Machines",
  Address="Rochester, Michigan", Year="1986")

@techreport{Pardi87:Intelligent,
  AUTHOR = "William J. Pardee and Barbara Hayes-Roth",
  TITLE = "Intelligent Real-Time Control of Material Processing",
  NUMBER = "1",
  MONTH = "February",
  YEAR = 1987,
  INSTITUTION = "Rockwell International Science Center",
  ADDRESS = "Palo Alto, CA"}

@incollection{Pattison87:Instantiating,
  Author = {H. Edward Pattison and Daniel D. Corkill and Victor R. Lesser},
  Title = {Instantiating Descriptions of Organizational Structures},
  Booktitle = {Distributed Artificial Intelligence},
  Editor = {Michael N. Huhns},
  Series = {Research Notes in Artificial Intelligence},
  Publisher = {Pitman},
  Chapter = 3,
  Pages = {59-96},
  Year = 1987,
  Also = {(Also published as Technical Report 85-45,
          Department of Computer and Information Science, University of
          Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, November 1985.)}
}

@inproceedings{Pavlin83:Predicting,
  Author = {Jasmina Pavlin},
  Title = {Predicting the Performance of Distributed Knowledge-Based Systems:
           {A} Modeling Approach}, 
  Booktitle = AAAI83, 
  Address = AAAI83Addr,
  Pages = {314-319},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1983
}

@techreport{Pavlin83:Task,
  Author = {Jasmina Pavlin and Victor R. Lesser},
  Title = {Task Allocation in Distributed Problem Solving Systems},
  Number = {?},
  Institution = UmassCS,
  Address = UmassAddr,
  Month = May,
  Year = 1983,
  WARNING = {This report apparently was never officially published}
}

@inproceedings{Pavlin84:Selective,
  Author = {Jasmina Pavlin and Daniel D. Corkill},
  Title = {Selective Abstraction of {AI} System Activity},
  Booktitle = AAAI84, 
  Address = AAAI84Addr,
  Pages = {264-268},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1984
}

@inproceedings{Pavlin84:Model,
  Author = {Jasmina Pavlin},
  Title = {A Model for Analysis and Simulation of Distributed Knowledge-Based
           Systems},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth European Conference on Artificial Intelligence}, 
  Month = Sep,
  Year = 1984
}

@phdthesis{Pavlin85:Model,
  Author = {Jasmina Pavlin},
  Title = {A Model for Prediction and Description of Knowledge Based System
           Behavior}, 
  School = Umass,
  Month = May,
  Year = 1985
}


@book{Paxton78:Executive,
  Author = {W. H. Paxton},
  Title = {The Executive System},
  Publisher = {D. E. Walker},
  Address = {Elsevier, North-Holland},
  Year = 1978
}

@book{Pruitt81:Negotiation,
  Author = {Dean G. Pruitt},
  Title = {Negotiation Behavior},
  Publisher = AP, 
  Year = 1981
}

%% Letter Q:

%% Letter R:

@Book(Raiffa82,
   Author="Raiffa, H.",
   Title="The Art and Science of Negotiation",
   Key="Raiffa",
   Publisher="Harvard University Press",
   Address="Cambridge, Mass.",
   Year="1982")

@article{Ramamritham84:Dynamic,
  AUTHOR = "Krithivasan Ramamritham and John A. Stankovic",
  TITLE = "Dynamic Task Scheduling in Hard Real-Time Distributed Systems",
  JOURNAL = "IEEE Software",
  VOLUME = 1,
  NUMBER = 3,
  PAGES = "65--75",
  MONTH = "July",
  YEAR = 1984}

@techreport{Reed80:Division,
  Author = {Scott Reed and Victor R. Lesser},
  Title = {Division of Labor in Honey Bees and Distributed Focus of Attention},
  Number = {80-17},
  Institution = UmassCS,
  Address = UmassAddr,
  Month = Sep,
  Year = 1980
}

@techreport{Rice86:Poligon,
  Author = {James P. Rice},
  Title = {Poligon: {A} System for Parallel Problem Solving},
  Number = {KSL-86-19},
  Institution = StanKSL,
  Address = StanKSLAddr,
  Month = Apr,
  Year = 1986
}

@book{Rich82:Artificial,
  Author = {Elaine Rich},  
  Title = {{A}rtificial {I}ntelligence},
  Publisher = MH,
  Year = 1982
} 

@article{Rieger81:Towards,
  Author = {C. Rieger and S. Small},
  Title = {Toward a Theory of Distributed Word Expert Natural Language
           Parsing},
  Journal = SMC,
  Volume = {SMC-11},
  Number = 1,
  Pages = {43-51},
  Month = Jan,
  Year = 1981
}

@inproceedings{Rosenschein82:Synchronization,
  Author = {Jeffery S. Rosenschein},
  Title = {Synchronization of Multi-Agent Plans},
  Booktitle = AAAI82,
  Address = AAAI82Addr,
  Pages = {115-119},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1982,
  Note = {(Also published in {\it Readings in Distributed Artificial 
          Intelligence}, Alan H. Bond and Les Gasser, editors, pages~187--191, 
          Morgan Kaufmann, 1988.)}
}

@techreport{Rosenschein83:Utility,
  AUTHOR = "Jeffrey S. Rosenschein and Vineet Singh",
  TITLE = "The Utility of Meta-Level Effort",
  NUMBER = "HPP-83-20",
  MONTH = "March",
  YEAR = 1983,
  INSTITUTION = "Stanford Heuristic Programming Project",
  ADDRESS = "Stanford University"}

@article{Rosenschein83:Reasoning,
  Author = {Stan Rosenschein},  
  Title = {Reasoning about Distributed Action},
  Journal = AIMAG, 
  Volume = 84,
  Pages = {7}, 
  Year = 1983
}

@techreport{Rosenschein84:Communication,
  AUTHOR = "Jeffrey S. Rosenschein and Michael R. Genesereth",
  TITLE = "Communication and Cooperation",
  NUMBER = "HPP-84-5",
  MONTH = "October",
  YEAR = 1984,
  INSTITUTION = "Stanford Heuristic Programming Project",
  ADDRESS = "Stanford University"}

@inproceedings{Rosenschein85:Deals,
  Author = {Jeffrey S. Rosenschein and Michael R. Genesereth},
  Title = {Deals Among Rational Agents},
  Booktitle = IJCAI85,
  Address = IJCAI85Addr,
  Pages = {91-99},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1985,
  Note = {(Also published in {\it Readings in Distributed Artificial 
          Intelligence}, Alan H. Bond and Les Gasser, editors, pages~227--234, 
          Morgan Kaufmann, 1988.)}
}

@phdthesis{Rosenschein85:Rational,
  AUTHOR = "Jeffery Solomon Rosenschein",
  TITLE = "Rational Interaction: {C}ooperation Among Intelligent Agents",
  SCHOOL = "Stanford University",
  MONTH = "October",
  YEAR = 1985
   }

@inproceedings{Rosenschein87:Communication,
  Author = {Jeffrey S. Rosenschein and Michael R. Genesereth},
  Title = {Communication and Cooperation Among Logic-Based Agents},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth Phoenix Conference on Computers and Communications},
  Address = {Scottsdale, AZ},
  Pages = {594-600},
  Month = Feb,
  Year = 1987
}

@inproceedings{Rowley87:Joshua,
  Author = {Steve Rowley and Howard Shrobe and Robert Cassels},
  Title = {Joshua: {U}niform Access to Heterogeneous Knowledge Structures or 
           Why Joshing is Better than Conniving or Planning},
  Booktitle = AAAI87,
  Address = AAAI87Addr,
  Pages = {48-52},
  Month = Jul,
  Year = 1987
}

@techreport{Rumelhart76:Toward,
  Author = {D. E. Rumelhart},
  Title = {Toward an Interactive Model of Reading},
  Number = 56, 
  Institution = {Center for Human Information Processing, University of California},
  Address = {San Diego, California},
  Year = 1976
}

@techreport{Russell85:Compleat,
  Author = {Stuart Russell},
  Title = {The Compleat Guide to {MRS}},
  Number = {KSL No. 85-12},
  Institution = StanKSL,
  Address = StanAddr,
  Month = Jun,
  Year = 1985
}

%% Letter S:

@article{Sacerdoti74:Planning,
  Author = {Earl D. Sacerdoti},  
  Title = {Planning in a Hierarchy of Abstraction Spaces},
  Journal = AI, 
  Volume = 5,
  Pages = {115-135}, 
  Year = 1974
}

@inproceedings{Sacerdoti75:Nonlinear,
  Author = {Earl D. Sacerdoti},  
  Title = {The Nonlinear Nature of Plans},
  Booktitle = IJCAI75, 
  Address = IJCAI79Addr,
  Pages = {206-214}, 
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1975
}

@book{Sacerdoti77:Structure,
  Author = {Earl D. Sacerdoti},
  Title = {A Structure for Plans and Behavior},
  Publisher = {Elsevier},
  Year = 1977
}

@inproceedings{Sacerdoti78:What,
  Author = {Earl D. Sacerdoti},  
  Title = {What Language Understanding Research Suggests About {D}istributed 
          {A}rtificial {I}ntelligence},  
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the Distributed Sensor Networks Workshop},
  Pages = {8-11},
  Year = 1978,
  Note = {Published by the Department of Computer Science, Carnegie-Mellon 
          University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania}
}

@inproceedings{Sacerdoti79:Problem,
  Author = {Earl D. Sacerdoti},
  Title = {Problem Solving Tactics},  
  Booktitle = IJCAI79, 
  Address = IJCAI79Addr,
  Pages = {1077-1085},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1979
} 

@article{Sacerdoti80:Problem,
  Author = {Earl D. Sacerdoti},  
  Title = {Problem Solving Tactics},  
  Journal = AIMag,
  Pages = {7-15}, 
  Year = 1980
}

@article{Sathi86:Callisto,
  Author = {Arvind Sathi and Thomas E. Morton and Steven F. Roth},
  Title = {Callisto: {A}n Intelligent Project Management System},
  Journal = AIMag, 
  Volume = {??},
  Number = {??},
  Pages = {??},
  Year = 1986
}

@article{Schank87:What,
  Author = {Roger C. Schank},
  Title = {What is AI, Anyway?},
  Journal = AIMag,
  Volume = 8,
  Number = 4,
  Pages = {59-65},
  Month = {Winter},
  Year = 1987}

@book{Schelling60:Strategy,
  Author = {Thomas C. Schelling},
  Title = {The Strategy of Conflict},
  Publisher = {Havard University Press},
  Year = 1960
}

@techreport{Schoen86:CAOS,
  Author = {Eric Schoen},
  Title = {The {CAOS} System},
  Number = {STAN-CS-86-1125},
  Institution = StanCS,
  Address = StanAddr,
  Month = Mar,
  Year = 1986
}

@article{SciAm77:Special,
  Title = {Special Issue on Microelectronics},
  Author = {Various authors},
  Journal = {Scientific American}, 
  Volume = 237,
  Number = 3,
  Pages = {62-245},
  Month = Sep,
  Year = 1977
}

@book{Searle70:Speech,
  Author = {John R. Searle},
  Title = {Speech Acts: {A}n Essay in the Philosophy of Language},
  Publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  Year = 1970
}

@article{Seitz85:Cosmic,
  Author = {Charles L. Seitz},
  Title = {The Cosmic Cube}, 
  Journal = CACM,
  Pages = {22-33}, 
  Year = 1985
}

@Book(Shakun.book,
  Author="Shakun, M., F.",
  Title="Evolutionalry Systems Design: Policy Making Under Complexity and Group Decision Support Systems",
  Key="Shakun",
  Publisher="Holden-Day",
  Address="Oakland, CA.",
  Year="1988")

%check this reference
@inbook{Shimanoff84:Small,
  Author = {S. B. Shimanoff},
  Title = {Small Group Communication},
  Chapter = {Coordinating Group Interaction via Communication Rules},
  Publisher = {Wm. C. Brown},
  Address = {Dubuque, Iowa},
  Year = 1984
}

@article{Shin87:Intertask,
  Author = {Kang G. Shin and Mark E. Epstein},
  Title = {Intertask Communications in an Integrated Multirobot System},
  Journal = {IEEE Journal of Robotics and Automation}, 
  Volume = {RA3},
  Number = 2,
  Pages = {90-100},
  Month = Apr,
  Year = 1987
}

@book{Shortliffe76,
  AUTHOR = "E. H. Shortliffe",
  TITLE = "Computer-Based Medical Consultations: {MYCIN}",
  PUBLISHER = "American Elsevier",
  YEAR = 1976}

@book{Shubik82:Game,
  AUTHOR = "Martin Shubik",
  TITLE = "Game Theory in the Social Sciences: {C}oncepts and Solutions",
  PUBLISHER = "MIT Press",
  YEAR = 1982}

@Article(Siegel.etal86, 
  Author="Siegel, J., Dubrovsky, V., Kiesler, S. and McGuire, T",
  Title="Group processes in computer-mediated communication",
  Journal="Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes",
  Key="Siegel",
  Year="1986",
  Volume="37",
  Pages="157-187")

@Book(Simkin,
   Author="Simkin, W.E.",
   Title="Mediation and the Dynamics of Collective Bargaining",
   Key="Simkin",
   Publisher="The Bureau of National Affairs",
   Address="Washington, D.C.",
   Year="1971")

@book{Simon57:Models,
  Author = {Herbert A. Simon},
  Title = {Models of Man},
  Publisher = JW, 
  Year = 1957
}

@book{Simon69:Sciences,
  Author = {Herbert A. Simon},
  Title = {The Sciences of the Artificial},
  Publisher = {MIT Press},
  Year = 1969
}

@techreport{Singh:Tebasco,
  Author = {Baldev Singh and Ira R. Forman},
  Title = {Coordination Systems:  Manual Interactions}, 
  Number = {STP-229-88},
  Institution = {Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation},
  Address = {Austin, TX},
  Month = Sep,
  Year = 1988
} 

@book{Slade87:T,
  Author = {Stephen Slade},
  Title = {The {T} Programming Language: {A} Dialect of {L}isp},
  Publisher = PH,
  Year = 1987
}

@phdthesis{Smith78:Framework,
  Author = {Reid Garfield Smith},
  Title = {A Framework for Problem Solving in a Distributed Processing 
          Environment},
  School = Stan,
  Month = Dec,
  Year = 1978,
  Note = {A revised version was published by {UMI} Research Press}
}

@inproceedings{Smith79:Framework,
  Author = {Reid G. Smith},  
  Title = {A Framework for Distributed Problem Solving},  
  Booktitle = IJCAI79, 
  Address = IJCAI79Addr,
  Pages = {836-841},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1979
} 

@article{Smith80:Contract,
  Author = {Reid G. Smith},  
  Title = {The Contract Net Protocol:  {H}igh-Level Communication and Control in a
           Distributed Problem Solver},
  Journal = C,
  Volume = {C-29},
  Number = 12,
  Pages = {1104-1113}, 
  Month = Dec, 
  Year = 1980
} 

@article{Smith81:Frameworks,
  Author = {Reid G. Smith and Randall Davis},
  Title = {Frameworks for Cooperation in Distributed Problem Solving},
  Journal = SMC,
  Volume = {SMC-11},
  Number = 1,
  Pages = {61-70},
  Month = Jan,
  Year = 1981,
  Note = {(Also published in {\it Readings in Distributed Artificial 
          Intelligence}, Alan H. Bond and Les Gasser, editors, pages~61--70, 
          Morgan Kaufmann, 1988.)}
}

@article{Smith83:Negotiation,
  Author = {Reid G. Smith and Randall Davis},
  Title = {Negotiation as a Metaphor for Distributed Problem Solving},
  Journal = AI, 
  Volume = 20,
  Pages = {63-109},
  Year = 1983
}

@article{Smith85:Report,
  Author = {R.G. Smith},
  Title = {Report on the 1984 Distributed Artificial Intelligence Workshop},
  Journal = AIMag,
  Volume = 6,
  Number = 3,
  Pages = {234-243},
  Year = 1985
}

@inproceedings{Smith87:Plan,
  Author = {David Smith and Martin Broadwell},
  Title = {Plan Coordination in Support of Expert Systems},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the DARPA Knowledge-based Planning Workshop},
  Address = {Austin, Texas},
  Month = Dec,
  Year = 1987
}

@inproceedings{Smith88:Lockheed,
  Author = {David Smith and Martin Broadwell},
  Title = {The Pilot's Associate---An Overview},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the SAE Aerotech Conference},
  Address = {Los Angeles, CA},
  Month = May,
  Year = 1988
}

@InProceedings(Smith&Ow85, Key="Smith&Ow", Author="Smith, S.F. and P.S. Ow",
  Title="The Use of Multiple Problem Decompositions in Time-Constrained Planning Tasks",
  BookTitle="Proceedings 9th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence",
  Address="Los Angeles, California", Month="August", Year="1985")

@InProceedings(Smith86a, Key="Smith et. al.",
  Author="Smith, S.F., P.S. Ow, C. LePape, B. McLaren, and N. Muscettola",
  Title="Integrating Multiple Scheduling Perspectives to Generate Detailed Production Plans",
  BookTitle="Proceedings SME Conference on AI in Manufacturing",
  Address="Long Beach, CA", Month="September", Year="1986")

@Article(Smithetal86, Key="Smith86",
  Author="Smith, S.F., M.S. Fox and P.S. Ow",
  Title="Generating and Maintaining Detailed Production Plans:
     Investigations into the Development of Knowledge-Based Factory Scheduling Systems",
  Journal="AI Magazine",
  Volume="7", Number="4", Month="Fall", Year="1986")

@incollection{Smith87:Integrated,
  Author = {Stephen F. Smith and Juha E. Hynynen},
  Title = {Integrated Decentralization of Production Management: 
          {A}n approach for factory scheduling},
  Booktitle = {Intelligent and Integrated Manufacturing Analysis and Synthesis},
  Editor = {C. R. Liu and A. Requicha and S. Chandrasekar},
  Pages = {427-439},
  Publisher = {The American Society of Mechanical Engineers},
  Address = {New York},
  Year = 1987
}

@InCollection(Smith87, Key="Smith", Author="Smith, S.F.", 
  Title="A Constraint-Based Framework for Reactive Management of Factory Schedules",
  Editor="M. Oliff",
  BookTitle="Expert Systems and the Leading Edge in Production Planning and Control",
  Publisher="Benjamin Cummings Publishers",
  Year="1987")

@InProceedings(Smith&Hynynen88, Key="Smith&Hynynen", 
  Author="Smith, S.F. and J.E. Hynynen",
  Title="Integrated Decentralization of Production
Management: An Approach for Factory Scheduling",
  BookTitle="Proceedings ASME Annual Winter Conference: Symposium on Integrated and Intelligent Manufacturing", 
  Address="Boston, MA", Month="December", Year="1987")
	
@inproceedings{Soloway77:Levels,
  Author = {Elliot M. Soloway and Edward M. Riseman},
  Title = {Levels of pattern description in learning},
  Booktitle = IJCAI77, 
  Address = IJCAI77Addr,
  Pages = {801-811},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1977
}

@phdthesis{Sproull77:Strategy,
  Author = {Robert F. Sproull},
  Title = {Strategy Construction using a Synthesis of Heuristic and
           Decision-theoretic Methods},
  School = Stan,
  Address = StanAddr,
  Month = July,
  Year = 1977,
  Note = {(Also published as Technical Report CSL-77-2,
          Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, California, 
          July, 1977.)}
}

@article{Sridharan87:Report,
  AUTHOR = "N. S. Sridharan",
  TITLE = "Report on the 1986 Workshop on Distributed Artificial
	Intelligence",
  JOURNAL = "AI Magazine",
  VOLUME = 8,
  NUMBER = 3,
  PAGES = "75--85",
  MONTH = "Fall",
  YEAR = 1987}

@article{Stankovic84:Perspective,
  Author = {J. Stankovic},  
  Title = {A Perspective on Distributed Computer Systems},
  Journal = C,
  Volume = {C-33},
  Number = 12, 
  Month = Dec,     
  Year = 1984
}

@article{Stankovic85:Evaluation,
  Author = {John A. Stankovic and Krithivasan Ramamritham and Sheng-Chang Cheng},
  Title = {Evaluation of a Flexible Task Scheduling Algorithm for Distributed Hard Real-Time Systems},
  Journal = C,
  Volume = {C-34},
  Number = 12,
  Pages = {1130=1143},
  Month = Dec,
  Year = 1985
}

@book{Stankovic87:Hard,
  Author= {J. Stankovic and K. Ramamritham},
  Title= {Tutorial on Hard Real-Time Systems},
  Publisher= {IEEE Computer Society Press},
  Year= 1987}

@techreport{Steeb86:Cooperative,
  Author = {R. Steeb and S. Cammarata and S. Narain and J. Rothenburg and W. Giarla},
  Title = {Cooperative Intelligence for Remotely Piloted Vehicle Fleet Control},
  Number = {R-3408-ARPA},
  Institution = {Rand Corporation},
  Month = Oct,
  Year = 1986
}

@incollection{Steeb88:Architectures,
  Author = {R. Steeb and S. Cammarata and F. Hayes-Roth and P. Thorndyke and R. Wesson},
  Title = {Architectures for Distributed Air-Traffic Control},
  Booktitle = {Readings in Distributed Artificial Intelligence},
  Editor = {Alan H. Bond and Les Gasser},
  Publisher = {Morgan Kaufman},
  Pages = {90-101},
  Year = 1988
}

@book{Steele84:Common,
  Author = {Guy L. {Steele Jr.}},
  Title = {Common Lisp: {T}he language},
  Publisher = DP,
  Year = 1984}

@phdthesis{Stefik80:Planning,
  Author = {Mark Jeffrey Stefik},
  Title = {Planning with Constraints},
  School = Stan,
  Year = 1980
}

@article{Stefik81:Planning:Constraints,
  Author = {Mark Stefik},  
  Title = {Planning with Constraints ({MOLGEN}: {P}art 1)},
  Journal = AI,
  Volume = 16,
  Pages = {111-140}, 
  Year = 1981
}

@article{Stefik81:Planning:Meta-planning,
  Author = {Mark Stefik},  
  Title = {Planning and Meta-planning ({MOLGEN}: {P}art 2)},
  Journal = AI,
  Volume = 16,
  Pages = {141-170},
  Year = 1981
}

@article{Stefik82:Organization,
  Author = {Mark Stefik and Jan Aikins and Robert Balzer and John Beniot and 
           Lawrence Birnbaum and Frederick Hayes-Roth and Earl Sacerdoti},
  Title = {The Organization of Expert Systems, {A} tutorial},
  Journal = AI,
  Volume = 18,
  Pages = {135-172}, 
  Year = 1982
}

@book{Strauss78:Negotiations,
  Author = {A. Strauss},
  Title = {Negotiations: Varieties, Processes, Contexts, and Social Order},
  Publisher = {Jossey Bass},
  Address = {San Francisco},
  Year = 1978
}

@inproceedings{Stemple84:Specification,
  Author = {David Stemple and Tim Sheard},
  Title = {Specification and Verification of Abstract Database Types},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd {ACM} {SIGACT-SIGMOD} Symposium on
               Principles of Database Systems},
  Address = {Waterloo, Ontario},
  Pages = {248-257},
  Month = Ap,
  Year = 1984
}

@inproceedings{Stuart85:Implementation,
  Author = {Christopher J. Stuart},
  Title = {An Implemenation of a Multi-Agent Plan Synchronizer},
  Booktitle = IJCAI85,
  Address = IJCAI85Addr,
  Pages = {1031-1033},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1985,
  Note = {(Also published in {\it Readings in Distributed Artificial 
          Intelligence}, Alan H. Bond and Les Gasser, editors, pages~216--219, 
          Morgan Kaufmann, 1988.)}
}

@book{Sussman75:Computer,
  Author = {Gerald Jay Sussman},
  Title = {A Computer Model of Skill Acquisition},
  Publisher = {American Elsevier},
  Year = 1975
}

@book{Suzaki87:New,
  Author = {Kiyoshi Suzaki},
  Title = {The New Manufacturing Challenge},
  Publisher = {The Free Press},
  Year = 1987
}

@inproceedings{Sycara-Cyranski85:Arguments,
  Author = {Katia Sycara-Cyranski},
  Title = {Arguments of Persuasion in Labour Mediation},
  Booktitle = IJCAI85,
  Address = IJCAI85Addr,
  Pages = {294-296},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1985
}

@Inproceedings(Sycara.ijcai, Author="Sycara-Cyranski, K.",
  Title="Arguments of persuasion in labor mediation",
  Key="Sycara", 
  Booktitle="Proceedings of IJCAI-85", Address="Los Angeles, CA", Year="1985",
  Pages="294-296")

@Inproceedings(Sycara.cogsci, Author="Sycara-Cyranski, K.",
  Title="Persuasive argumentation in resolution of collective bargaining
  impasses", Key="Sycara", 
  Booktitle="Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Conference of the
  Cognitive Science Society", Address="Irvine, CA", Year="1985", Pages="356-360")

@PhDThesis(Sycara.drt, Title="Resolving Adversarial Conflicts: An 
  Approach Integrating Case-Based and Analytic Methods",
  Author="Sycara, K.",
  Key="Sycara", School="School of Information and Computer Science
  Georgia Institute of Technology", Address="Atlanta, GA", Year="1987")

@Inproceedings(Sycara.cogsci87,
  Author="Sycara, K.",
  Title="Finding Creative Solutions in Adversarial Impasses",
  Key="Sycara",
  Booktitle="Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society",
  Address="Seattle, WA.",
  Year="1987",
  Pages="997-1003")

@inproceedings{Sycara87:Planning,
  Author = {Katia Sycara},
  Title = {Planning for Negotiation:  {A} Case-based Approach},
  Booktitle = {{DARPA} Knowledge-Based Planning Workshop},
  Pages = {11.1-11.10},
  Month = Dec,
  Year = 1987
}

@inproceedings{Sycara88:Resolving,
  Author = {Katia Sycara},
  Title = {Resolving Goal Conflicts via Negotiation},
  Booktitle = AAAI88,
  Pages = {245-250},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1988
}

@inproceedings{Sycara88:Multi-Agent,
  Author = {Katia P. Sycara},
  Title = {Multi-Agent Compromise via Negotiation},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1988 Distributed AI Workshop},
  Month = May,
  Year = 1988
}

@Article(Sycara.aor, Author="Sycara, K.", 
   Key="Sycara",
   Title="Utility Theory in Conflict Resolution", 
   Journal="Annals of Operations Research",
    Volume="12",
    Pages="65-84",
    Year="1988")

@Inproceedings(Sycara.ijcai89,
   Author="Sycara, K.",
   Title="Argumentation: Planning Other Agents' Plans",
   Key="Sycara",
   Booktitle="Proceedings of IJCAI-89",
   Address="Detroit, Mich",
   Year="1989")
    
@InCollection(Sycara.daibook, Key="Sycara", Author="Sycara, K.", 
  Title="Multi-Agent Compromise via Negotiation",
  Editor="M. Huhns and L. Gasser",
  BookTitle="Distributed Artificial Intelligence, Volume II",
  Publisher="Pittman Publishing Ltd and Morgan Kaufmann",
  Year="1989")

@Article(Sycara.eurjor,
  Author="Sycara, K.",
  Title="Negotiation Planning: An AI Approach",
  Journal="European Journal of Operational Research",
  Key="Sycara",
  Year="1989")

%% Letter T:

@book{Tatar87Programmer's,
  Author = {Deborah G. Tatar},
  Title = {A Programmer's Guide to Common Lisp},
  Publisher = DP,
  Year = 1987
}

@inproceedings{Tate75:Interacting,
  AUTHOR = "Austin Tate",
  TITLE = "Interacting Goals and Their Use",
  BOOKTITLE = IJCAI75,
  PAGES = "215--218",
  MONTH = "August",
  YEAR = 1975}

@techreport{Tate76:NONLIN,
  Author = {Austin Tate},
  Title = {{NONLIN}: {A} Hierarchical Non-Linear Planner},
  Institution = {Department of Artificial Intelligence, University of Edinburgh},
  Year = 1976
}

@inproceedings{Tate77:Generating,
  Author = {Austin Tate},  
  Title = {Generating Project Networks},  
  Booktitle = IJCAI77, 
  Address = IJCAI77Addr,
  Pages = {888-893},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1977
} 

@inbook{Tate84:Goal,
  Author = {Austin Tate},  
  Title = {Goal Structure --- Capturing the Intent of Plans},  
  Booktitle = {ECAI-84: Proceedings of the Sixth European Conference on
               Artificial Intelligence}, 
  Editor = {T. O'Shea},
  Publisher = {Elsevier},
  Year = 1984
} 

@article{Tate84:Planning,
  Author = {A. Tate and A. M. Whiter},  
  Title = {Planning with Multiple Resource Constraints and an Application to a 
           Naval Planning Problem},   
  Journal = C,
  Pages = {410-416}, 
  Year = 1984
}

@phdthesis{Tenny79:Distributed,
  Author = {Robert R. Tenny},
  Title = {Distributed Decision Making using a Distributed Model},
  School = MIT,
  Address = MITAddr,
  Month = Jun,
  Year = 1979,
  Note = {(Also published as Technical Report LIDS-TD-938, Laboratory for 
         Information and Decision Systems, Massachusetts Institute of
         Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, June 1979.)}
}

@article{Tenney81:Structures,
  Author = {Robert R. Tenney and Nils R. Sandell, Jr.},
  Title = {Structures for Distributed Decisionmaking},
  Journal = SMC,
  Volume = {SMC-11},
  Number = 8,
  Pages = {517-527},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1981,
  Note = {(Also published in {\it Readings in Distributed Artificial 
          Intelligence}, Alan H. Bond and Les Gasser, editors, pages~236--247, 
          Morgan Kaufmann, 1988.)}
}

@inproceedings{Thorndyke81:Autopilot,
  Author = {Perry W. Thorndyke and David McArthur and Stephanie Cammarata},
  Title = {Autopilot: {A} Distributed Planner for Air Fleet Control},
  Booktitle = IJCAI81,
  Pages = {171-177},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1981
}

@book{Touretzky84:Lisp,
  Author = {David S. Touretzky},
  Title = {Lisp: {A} gentle introduction to symbolic computation},
  Publisher = HR,
  Year = 1984
}

@book{Tubbs84:Systems,
  Author = {Stewart L. Tubbs},
  Title = {A Systems Approach to Small Group Interaction},
  Publisher = AW,
  Year = 1984,
  Edition = {Second}
}

@Article(Turoff82, 
  Author="Turoff, M, and Hiltz, S. R.",
  Title="Computer support for group versus individual decisions",
  Journal="IEEE Transactions on Communications",
  Key="Turoff",
  Year="1982",
  Volume="30",
  Pages="82-90")

%% Letter U:

%% Letter V:

@incollection{VanDykeparunak85:Manufacturing,
  Author = {H. Van Dyke parunak},
  Title = {Manufacturing Experience with the Contract Net},
  Booktitle = {Distributed Artificial Intelligence},
  Editor = {Michael N. Huhns},
  Series = {Research Notes in Artificial Intelligence},
  Publisher = {Pitman},
  Chapter = 10,
  Pages = {285-310},
  Year = 1987
}

@inproceedings{VanDykeparunak85:Fractal,
  Author = {H. Van Dyke Parunak and Bruce W. Irish and James Kindrick and Peter
            W. Lozo},
  Title = {Fractal Actors for Distributed Manufacturing Control},
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the second IEEE Conference on AI Applications},
  Pages = {653-660},
  Month = Dec,
  Year = 1985
}

@article{Vere83:Planning,
  Author = {S. A. Vere},  
  Title = {Planning in Time: {W}indows and Durations for Activities and Goals},
  Journal = PAMI,
  Volume = {PAMI-5},
  Number = 3,
  Pages = {246-267}, 
  Month = May,
  Year = 1983
}

@incollection{Vroom74:Normative,
  Author = {V. H. Vroom},
  Title = {A Normative Model of Managerial Decision Making},
  Booktitle = {Organization Theory},
  Editor = {D. S. Pugh},
  Publisher = {Penguin Books},
  Chapter = 16,
  Pages = {256-276},
  Year = 1984
}

%% Letter W:

@inproceedings{Waldinger77:Achieving,
  Author = {Richard Waldinger},
  Title = {Achieving Several Goals Simultaneously},
  Booktitle = {Machine Intelligence 8},
  Pages = {94-136},
  Year = 1977}

@incollection{Waltz75:Understanding,
  Author = {David Waltz},
  Title = {Understanding Line Drawings of Scenes with Shadows},
  Booktitle = {The Psychology of Computer Vision},
  Editor = {Patrick Winston},
  Pages = {19-91},
  Publisher = MH,
  Year = 1975
}

@article{Wang85:Load,
  Author = {Yung-terng Wang and Robert J.T. Morris},
  Title = {Load Sharing in Distributed Systems},
  Journal = C,
  Volume = {C-34},
  Number = 3,
  Month = Mar,
  Pages = {204-217},
  Year = 1985
}

@inproceedings{Washington89:Input,
  Author = {Richard Washington and Barbara Hayes-Roth},
  Title = {Input Data Management in Real-Time {AI} Systems},
  Booktitle = IJCAI89,
  Address = IJCAI89Addr,
  Pages = {250-255},
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1989,
}

@techreport{Waters83:LetS,
  Author = {Richard C. Waters},
  Title = {Let{S}: {A}n expressional loop notation},
  Type = {A. I. Memo},
  Number = {680a},
  Institution = MITAIL,
  Address = MITAddr,
  Month = Feb,
  Year = 1983}

@inproceedings{Wesley82:Use,
  Author = {Leonard P. Wesley and Allen R. Hanson},
  Title = {The Use of an Evidential-Based Model for Representing Knowledge},  
  Booktitle = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Computer Vision: {R}epresentation 
               and Control}, 
  Pages = {14-25}, 
  Month = Aug,
  Year = 1982
}

@inproceedings{Wesson77:Planning,
  AUTHOR = "Robert B. Wesson",
  TITLE = "Planning in the World of the Air Traffic Controller",
  BOOKTITLE = IJCAI77,
  PAGES = "473--479",
  MONTH = "August",
  YEAR = 1977}

@article{Wesson81:Network,
  Author = {Robert Wesson and Frederick Hayes-Roth and John W. Burge and
            Cathleen Statz and Carl A Sunshine},
  Title = {Network Structures for Distributed Situation Assessment},
  Journal = SMC,
  Volume = {SMC-11},
  Number = 1,
  Pages = {5-23},
  Month = Jan,
  Year = 1981,
  Note = {(Also published in {\it Readings in Distributed Artificial 
          Intelligence}, Alan H. Bond and Les Gasser, editors, pages~71--89, 
          Morgan Kaufmann, 1988.)}
}

@techreport{Wileden81:EDL,
  Author = {Jack C. Wileden and Peter C. Bates and Victor R. Lesser},
  Title = {{EDL}: {A}n Event Description Language for Distributed Debugging},
  Number = {81-07},
  Institution = UmassCS,
  Address = UmassAddr,
  Month = Mar,
  Year = 1981
}

@article{Wilensky81:Meta-planning,
  Author = {Robert Wilensky},
  Title = {Meta-planning: {R}epresenting and using knowledge about planning in 
           problem solving and natural language understanding},
  Journal = CogSci, 
  Volume = 5,
  Number = 3,
  Pages = {197-233}, 
  Month = {July--September},
  Year = 1981
}

@book{Wilensky87:Common,
  Author = {Robert Wilensky},
  Title = {Common Lispcraft},
  Publisher = {Norton},
  Year = 1987
}

@article{Wilkins84:Domain-independent,
  Author = {D. Wilkins},
  Title = {Domain-independent Planning: {R}epresentation and Plan Generation},
  Journal = AI,
  Volume = 22,
  Pages = {269-301},
  Month = Apr,
  Year = 1984
}

@book{Winston77:Artificial,
  AUTHOR = "Patrick Henry Winston",
  TITLE = "Artificial Intelligence",
  PUBLISHER = "Addison-Wesley",
  YEAR = 1977}

@book{Winston84:Lisp,
  Author = {Patrick Henry Winston and Berthold Klaus Paul Horn},
  Title = {Lisp},
  Edition = {Second},
  Publisher = AW,
  Year = 1984
}

@inproceedings{Woods77:Shortfall,
  AUTHOR = "W. A. Woods",
  TITLE = "Shortfall and Density Scoring Strategies for Speech Understanding
		Control",
  BOOKTITLE = IJCAI77,
  PAGES = "13--26",
  MONTH = "August",
  YEAR = 1977}

%% Letter X:

%% Letter Y:

@article{Yang85:Architecture,
  Author = {Ju-Yuan D. Yang and Micheal N. Huhns and Larry M. Stephens},
  Title = {An Architecture for Control and Communications in Distributed 
           Artificial Intelligence Systems},
  Journal = SMC,
  Volume = {SMC-15},
  Number = 3,
  Pages = {13-23},
  Month = {May/June},
  Year = 1985
}

%% Letter Z:

@phdthesis{Zhao86:Heuristic,
  AUTHOR = "Wei Zhao",
  TITLE = "A Heuristic Approach to Scheduling Hard Real-Time Tasks with
	Resource Requirements in Distributed Systems",
  SCHOOL = "University of Massachusetts",
  MONTH = "February",
  YEAR = 1986,
  ADDRESS = "Amherst, Massachusetts  01003"}

@article{Zhao87:Preemptive,
  AUTHOR = "Wei Zhao and Krithi Ramamritham and John A. Stankovic",
  TITLE = "Preemptive Scheduling Under Time and Resource Constraints",
  JOURNAL = "IEEE Transactions on Computers",
  VOLUME = "C-36",
  NUMBER = 8,
  PAGES = "949--960",
  MONTH = "August",
  YEAR = 1987}

@inbook{Zisman78:Use,
  Author = {Michael D. Zisman},
  Title = {Use of Production Systems for Modeling Asynchronous, 
           Concurrent Processes.},
  Booktitle = {Pattern-Directed Inference Systems},
  Editor = {D. A. Waterman and Frederick Hayes-Roth},
  Pages = {53-68},
  Publisher = AP,
  Year = 1978
}

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%% EOF