				   
	   Category Segments in 'proof' and How to Use Them
				   
			     Craig Latta
		Experimental Computing Facility (XCF)
			  20 September 1991
			   (about tea-time)

	
	Words are defined as groups of "categories", made up of
"segments". The segments are defined below.


Segment		Description				Example
-------		-----------				-------

A		accusative, indicates valency position 	"saw" = V D A
		for a noun phrase.

AG		agent, indicates valency position for 	by phrase:
		an optional by phrase, and represents 	"John was given a book"
		the result category of a preposition.	= V AG SH, preposition:
							"by" = AG NP

B		'be', indicates valency position for 	valency: "am" = V S1 B,
		a present participle, and represents 	verb form:
		the result category of present		"giving" = B D A
		participle verb forms.		
						
C		consonant, represents singular 		"a" = C
		determiners combining with nouns and
		adjectives beginning with a consonant

_C		no consonant, represents singular	"an" = _C
		determiners combining with nouns and
		adjectives beginning with a vowel.

CA		consonant adjective, represents 	"big" = CA
		adjectives beginning with a consonant.

_CA		no consonant adjective, represents 	"old" = _CA
		adjectives beginning with a vowel.

CH		consonant human, represents singular 	"man" = CH
		nouns beginning with a consonant and 
		denoting a person.  

C_H		consonant non human, represents 	"car" = C_H
		singular nouns beginning with a 
		consonant and denoting a thing.

_CH		no consonant human, represents singular	"uncle" = _CH
		nouns beginning with a vowel and 
		denoting a person.

_C_H		no consonant non human, represents 	"auto" = _C_H
		singular nouns beginning with a 
		consonant and denoting a thing.

D		dative, indicates valency position for 	"gave" = V N D A
		a noun phrase.

DECL		declarative, result category of a	"done." = DECL V
		complete declarative sentence.


HV		'have', indicates valency position for 	past participle 
		a past participle, and represents the 	valency: "have" = 
		result category of a past participle.	V N HV, past	
							participle:
							"given" = HV D A

INTER		interrogative, result category of a 	"done?" = INTER V
		complete interrogative sentence.

M		modal, third segment of modal verbs.	"could" = V N M

N		nominative, indicates valency position 	"gave" = V N D A
		for noun phrases of all persons and 
		numbers.

NM		nominative, indicates valency position 	"are" = V NM B
		for noun phrases of all numbers and 
		persons except the first and third 
		person singular.

NOM		nominative, indicates valency position 	"give" = V NOM D A
		for noun phrases of all persons and 
		numbers except the third person singular.

NP		noun phrase, indicates noun phrase 	"to" = NP
		valency position which does not assign 
		a case.

P1		plural first person, represents noun 	"we" = P1
		phrases of third person plural marked 
		for nominative.

P3		plural third person, represents noun 	"they" = P3
		phrases of third person marked for 
		nominative.

OB_P3		oblique plural third person, represents "them" = $P3
		noun phrases of third person plural 
		which cannot fill a nominative valency 
		position.

OB_PH		oblique plural human, represents plural "us" = $PH
		noun phrases denoting humans which 
		cannot be used to fill a nominative 
		valency position.

OB_SH		oblique singular human, represents 	"me" = "him" = "her" 
		singular noun phrases denoting a person = $SH
		which cannot fill valency positions.

OB_WH		oblique w_phrase human, represents 	"whom" = $WH
		interrogative noun phrases used as 
		relative and interrogative pronouns.

PH		plural human, represents plural nouns 	"men" = "all men" = PH
		and plural noun phrases denoting 
		persons.

P_H		plural non human, represents plural 	"cars" = "all
		nouns and plural noun phrases denoting  cars" = P_H
		things.

PNM		post nominal modifier, represents the 	"by" = PNM NP, as in 
		result category of prepositional 	"the book
		phrases used as post nominal modifiers.	by Mary".

S		singular, represents singular 		"every" = "an old" = S
		determiners which have no agreement 
		restrictions on the first letter of the 
		next word.

S1		singular first person, indicates a 	first person singular 
		valency position for first person 	nominative
		singular nominative, and represents 	valency: "am" = 
		first person singular noun phrases 	V S1 B", noun 
		marked for nominative case.		phrase: "I" = S1

S3		singular third person, indicates a 	valency: "gives" = 
		valency position for third person 	V S3 D A,
		singular nominative, and represents 	noun phrase: "she" = S3
		third person singular noun phrases 
		marked for nominative case.

SC		subordinate clause, indicates a valency valency: "Mary said 
		position for a subordinate clause, and 	that" = V SC,
		represents the category for 		"that" = SC
		subordinating conjunctions.

SD		subclause delimiter, introduced by 	"Who did Mary say 
		rules such as "add nominative" and 	that John" =
		"start minus relative clause"		VI SC SH # WH SH

SH		singular human, represents singular	"John" = "the man" 
		noun phrases denoting a person.		= SH

S_H		singular non human, represents singular "the car" = S_H
		noun phrases denoting a thing.

TO		'to', indicates a valency position for 	'to': "to" = TO NP
		a to-phrase, and represents the result	valency: "gave" = 
		category of the preposition 'to'.	V N A TO,

U		universal, represents determiners which "the" = U
		have no agreement restrictions on the 
		first letter of the next word or on 
		whether it is singular or plural.

V		verb, indicates a valency position for 	finite verb: "was" = 
		a declarative sentence, and represents 	V S3 B,
		the result category of finite verbs	start: "John was" = V B
		and sentence starts containing a 	valency: DECL V, 
		finite verb.

VI		verb interrogative, indicates a 	start: "Was John" = 
		valency position for an interrogative 	VI B
		sentence, and represents the result 	valency: INTER VI,
		category of sentence starts marked for 
		interrogative mood.

WH		w-phrase human, represents 		"who" = WH
		interrogative noun phrases used as 
		relative and interrogative pronouns.

W_H		w-phrase non human, represents 		"which" = "what" = W_H
		interrogative noun phrases used as 
		relative pronouns.

WP		w-phrase plural, represents plural 	"which books" = WP
		interrogative noun phrases.

WS		w-phrase singular, represents singular 	"which book" = WS
		interrogative noun phrases.

WU		w-phrase universal, represents		"which" = WU
		interrogative determiners without 
		agreement restrictions on the first 
		letter of the next word or on whether 
		it is singular or plural.

