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Overview

Current Applications

Policy Issues

Personnel

Partnership Opportunities

Selected Publications

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Overview
Managing security and privacy policies is known to be a difficult problem. Studies have shown that lay users often do not know their own policies or are unable to express them. Even in a desktop computing environment, end users have great difficulty using the Windows XP file permission system to create security policies for file access. In mobile and pervasive computing settings, this situation is often exacerbated by the limitations of access devices and the numerous tasks users concurrently engage in. To make matters worse, desired security and privacy settings are not just difficult to articulate, but they also tend to change over time. In short, emerging demands for empowering end users to set up policies are often unrealistic. This in turn may result in new sources of vulnerability and high levels of user frustration.

We believe it is important that new user interfaces be developed to effectively and efficiently support lay users in understanding and managing security and privacy policies – their own as well as those implemented by systems and individuals with whom they interact. Solutions in this area have traditionally taken a relatively narrow view of the problem by limiting the expressiveness of policy languages or the number of options available in templates, restricting some decisions to specific roles within the enterprise, etc. As systems grow more pervasive and more complex, and as demands for increasing flexibility and delegation continue to grow, it is imperative to take a more fundamental view that weaves together issues of security, privacy and usability to:

• Systematically evaluate key tradeoffs between expressiveness, tolerance for errors, burden on users and overall user acceptance, and

• Develop novel mechanisms and technologies that help mitigate these tradeoffs, maximizing accuracy and trustworthiness while minimizing the time and effort required by end users.

The objective of this project is to develop new interfaces that combine user-centered design principles with dialog, explanation and learning technologies to assist users in specifying and refining policies. This involves developing policy authoring tools for a growing collection of pervasive computing applications and evaluating the effectiveness of these tools with users in longitudinal studies. Evaluation metrics look at both accuracy and overall user acceptance, including user burden. Users should feel that they have adequate control over the behavior of the applications they interact with.

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Current Applications

• People Finder Application: Users are equipped with smartphones that track their location. They interact with their devices to inquire about the locations of others (e.g., colleagues, friends, spouses) subject to privacy policies. Check out Locaccino, the latest of our location-sharing applications - available on Facebook.

• Access Control to Resources: Smartphones act as the token by which users access both physical and digital resources. Users interact with their smartphones to create and manage their security policies, and (via the smartphones) with each other to obtain credentials to access different resources.

• Contextual Instant Messaging: Users can inquire about each other’s context (e.g. interruptability, location and current task) through an instant messaging service

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Policy Issues

Mobile and pervasive computing applications, such as mobile social software that enables users to share their locations with others, are raising a number of challenging security and privacy issues. Get a glimpse of emerging policy issues in this space as they were discussed at the "Location Meets Social Networking: A Wireless Policy and Practices Dialogue" meeting recently organized by the Advisory Committee to the Congressional Internet Caucus, including a video of our own presentation.

Personnel

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We are looking for companies interested in partnering with us in our research or in licensing our technology. For further details, please contact Norman M. Sadeh

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Selected Publications

1. N. Sadeh, J. Hong, L. Cranor, I. Fette, P. Kelley, M. Prabaker, and J. Rao, "Understanding and Capturing People's Privacy Policies in a Mobile Social Networking Application", Journal of Personal and Ubiquitous Computing. Springer. 2008.

2. J. Tsai, P. Kelley, P. Hankes Drielsma, L. Cranor, J. Hong, N. Sadeh “Who’s Viewed You? The Impact of Feedback in a Mobile Location Application ”, in Proceedings of the 27 th annual SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2009), April 2009

3. P.G.Kelley, P. Hankes Drielsma, N. Sadeh, and L.F. Cranor, "User-Controllable Learning of Security and Privacy Policies", First ACM Workshop on AISec (AISec'08), ACM CCS 2008 Conference. Oct. 2008.

4. Jason Cornwell, Ian Fette, Gary Hsieh, Madhu Prabaker, Jinghai Rao, Karen Tang, Kami Vaniea, Lujo Bauer, Lorrie Cranor, Jason Hong, Bruce McLaren, Mike Reiter, Norman Sadeh, "User-Controllable Security and Privacy for Pervasive Computing", Proceedings of the 8th IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications (HotMobile 2007), February 2007.

5. L. Bauer, L. F. Cranor, M. K. Reiter, and K. Vaniea. Lessons Learned from the Deployment of a Smartphone-Based Access-Control System. In Proceedings of the 2007 Symposium On Usable Privacy and Security, Pittsburgh, PA, July 18-20, 2007.

6. Michael Benisch, Patrick Gage Kelley, Norman Sadeh, Tuomas Sandholm, Lorrie Faith Cranor, Paul Hankes Drielsma, and Janice Tsai. The Impact of Expressiveness on the Effectiveness of Privacy Mechanisms for Location Sharing.  CMU Technical Report CMU-ISR-08-141, December 2008

7. M. Benisch, N. Sadeh, T. Sandholm, "A Theory of Expressiveness in Mechanisms", in Proc. of the 23rd Conference on Artificial Intelligence, July 2008.

8. L. Bauer, L.F. Cranor, R.W. Reeder, M.K. Reiter, and K. Vaniea. A User Study of Policy Creation in a Flexible Access-Control System. ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '08).
2008.

9. R. W. Reeder, L. Bauer, L.F. Cranor, M.K. Reiter, K. Bacon, K. How, and H. Strong. Expandable Grids for Visualizing and Authoring Computer Security Policies. ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '08). 2008.

10. Lujo Bauer, Lorrie Cranor, Robert W. Reeder, Michael K. Reiter, Kami Vaniea, "Comparing Access-Control Technologies: A Study of Keys and Smartphones", CMU-CyLab-07-005, February, 2007.

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US National Science Foundation (Cyber Trust initiative), ARO/CyLab, IBM, France Telecom, Nokia, Nortel, ICTI and Microsoft's Center for Computational Thinking.

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• Original Press Release - Oct 2006
• Interview in CyLab Chronicles - Fall 2008
• Jeffrey R. Young, "Now You Can Track Colleagues and Students on Your Laptop" Chronicle of Higher Education - February 2009 - incl. a short video
• Stephen Baker's blogs - BusinessWeek blog and The Numerati blog - March 2009
• "Locaccino Enables the Watched to Watch the Watcher" , CyBlog - March 2009
• Byron Spice, "Big Brother Can Watch You - With Premission", Piper, p.9 , March 2009

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This project has openings for graduate and undergraduate students as well as for a (senior) research programmer and a postdoctoral candidate

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