MEMS Applications in the Medical Industry
  
  
  Introduction
  The ability of MEMS devices to fit into very small spaces and to be
    able to run with very low power consumption and at the same time
    have a minimal impact on their operating environment makes them
    ideal for certain medical sensing applications. These include
    implantable medical devices and systems, such as totally
    implantable hearing aids, an instrumented artificial heart, etc.
  
Important Characteristics
  MEMS devices in the medical field are primarily sensors and
    actuators located in close proximity to a body organ, to monitor
    its performance, and when necessary, to initiate some remedial
    action. In such an application, response times are critical.
  Such sensors include:
  
      -  Heart-rate sensors which monitor the contraction and
	expansion of the heart muscles.
	
-  Hearing aids implanted in the inner ear to amplify
	particular frequencies which the individual has difficulty in
	hearing.
	
-  Actuators in the heart valves which induce contraction or
	expansion, as required.
	
-  DPT - Disposable Blood pressure Transducer
	
-  IUP - Intrauterine pressure sensors (monitor pressure
	during child delivery)
	
-  DNA testing sensors
	
-  Angioplasty pressure Sensors
	
-  Infusion pump pressure sensors - controls flow of
	intraveneous fluids and permits drugs to be mixed into one
	flow channel
	
-  Catheter tip pressure sensors
	
-  Sphygmomanometers
        
-  Respirators
	
-  Lung Capcity Meters
	
-  Barametric correction of instrumentation
	
-  Intracranial pressure measurement sensors
	
-  Medical process monitoring
	
-  Kidney dialysis equipment