0. DOCID:3918 SCORE: 0.003532679693285
DOCNO: 1254355
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Metallurgy
QUALIFIER: mortality
QUALIFIER: mortality
AUTHOR: S Tokudome S
AUTHOR: M Kuratsune M
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.
COUNTRY: DENMARK
TITLE: A cohort study on mortality from cancer and other causes among workers at a metal refinery.
PUBDATE: 19760301
A non-concurrent prospective study was made on deaths from cancer and other causes occurring among 2,675 male workers at a metal refinery from 1949 to 1971. The expected number of deaths computed by applying age- and cause-specific death rates of Japanese males to these workers was compared with the observed number of deaths. Among 839 copper smelters, significantly increased mortalities were noted for lung cancer (SMR = 1,189) and colon cancer, but nor for cancer of the stomach, liver (primary) and biliary passages, pancreas and skin or for leukemia, tuberculosis, cerebrovascular diseases, heart diseases and liver cirrhosis. A dose-response relationship was demonstrated between the mortality from lung cancer and the degree of exposure. A very high excess mortality from lung cancer (SMR = 2,500) was seen among copper smelters who were considered to have been most heavily exposed to arsenic or workers who had engaged in sintering and blast furnace operations for 15 years of more before 1949. The latent period of lung cancer was 37.6 years on average, and not related to level of exposure. Twenty-six of 29 deaths from lung cancer among copper smelters occurred after they had left the refinery. Other production workers and clerical workers showed no significant excess mortality from any kind of cancer.


1. DOCID:3417 SCORE: 0.0030637952599503
DOCNO: 1255759
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
AUTHOR: W Haenszel W
AUTHOR: M Kurihara M
AUTHOR: F B Locke FB
AUTHOR: K Shimuzu K
AUTHOR: M Segi M
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Stomach cancer in Japan.
PUBDATE: 19760201
A study of 783 patients with stomach cancer and 1,566 hospital controls in Hiroshima and Miyagi prefectures of Japan showed that farmers, representing mostly the lowest socioeconomic class, had higher risk of developing stomach cancer. The usual inverse gradient in risk by social class was in the urban population of Miyagi, but not Hiroshima, prefecture. The study in Japan did not reproduce the association of stomach cancer with consumption of salted/dried fish and salt-pickled vegetables described for the Hawaiian Japanese. Salted/dried fish and pickled vegetables were more widely used by farmers than by nonfarmers in Japan or by Japanese migrants to Hawaii. The ability to detect associations for these typical Japanese foods in Hawaii stemmed from the fact that these reduced levels of use were more completely expressed by the Hawaiian-Japanese controls than by patients. The lower risk of developing stomach cancer for lettuce and celery users agreed with the Hawaiian-Japanese findings, and the combined results supported conjectures on possible protective food effects. Lettuce, in particular, warranted attention from this viewpoint, since similar findings have been consistently reported.


2. DOCID:3645 SCORE: 0.00304054032281068
DOCNO: 936381
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
AUTHOR: J D Schmidt JD
AUTHOR: R P Gibbons RP
AUTHOR: D E Johnson DE
AUTHOR: G R Prout GR
AUTHOR: W W Scott WW
AUTHOR: G P Murphy GP
PUBTYPE: Clinical Trial
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
PUBTYPE: Randomized Controlled Trial
JOURNALTITLE: Urology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Chemotherapy of advanced prostatic cancer. Evaluation of response parameters.
PUBDATE: 19760601
A total of 125 patients with progressing advanced prostatic cancer were entered into a chemotherapy study comparing cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, and standard therapy. Parameters of response were studied in 110 patients who could be evaluated. Thirty-six patients (33 per cent) were considered to have an objective response, that is becoming stable (29 patients) or in partial regression (7 patients). Negative response parameters (predictors of a poor response to chemotherapy or standard theraphy leading to progress) included (1) bone marrow evidence of prostatic cancer, (2) abnormal liver scan, (3) prior radiation therapy (indirectly through increased toxicity to chemotherapy), and (4) lack of bilateral orchiectomy prior to randomization. Positive indicators (predictors of good responses) included (1) reduction of primary tumor mass, especially after administration of 5-fluorouracil or cyclophosphamide, and (2) hemoglobin values. There were more objective responders to cyclophosphamide than standard therapy whether the hemoglobin was initially normal or low. Indeterminate parameters of response included weight gain, presence of bony or soft tissue metastases, relief of pain, performance status, excretory urography, and biochemical determinations of liver and renal function.


3. DOCID:7837 SCORE: 0.002865799572796
DOCNO: 7317745
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: urine
QUALIFIER: immunology
QUALIFIER: urine
AUTHOR: S Kumar S
AUTHOR: C B Costello CB
AUTHOR: R W Glashan RW
AUTHOR: B Björklund B
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: British journal of urology.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: The clinical significance of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) in the urine of bladder cancer patients.
PUBDATE: 19811201
A 2-stage study has been carried out to evaluate the usefulness of urinary tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) levels in patients with bladder cancer as an adjunct to the routine procedures for detection of bladder tumours. Two-hour urine samples were collected from 83 bladder cancer patients and normal individuals for the first part of the study, 24-h samples from 54 patients and normal individuals for the second part. Urinary TPA was determined using radioimmunoassay. In 2-h samples there was no significant difference in the amounts of TPA/l in any of the groups. In contrast, the TPA results of 24-h urine samples (n = 54) were markedly different from 2-h samples and the former correlated very well with the presence or absence of bladder cancer. A reason for this difference may be circadian rhythm effects.


4. DOCID:4734 SCORE: 0.00275660634032966
DOCNO: 343596
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: therapy
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
AUTHOR: R S Freedman RS
AUTHOR: J T Wharton JT
AUTHOR: F Rutledge F
AUTHOR: J G Sinkovics JG
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
PUBTYPE: Review
JOURNALTITLE: American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Transfer factor and possible applications in gynecology.
PUBDATE: 19780301
Dialyzable transfer factor (TFd) is reviewed against its historical background, preparation methods, physiochemical properties, possible mechanisms of action, pharmacology, and clinical studies, including several areas relating to gynecology. The possible role of TFd as an adjunct in the treatment of cancer is discussed. The discussion centers on gynecologic cancer in several patients who have received TFd. The difficulties and future possibilities for this modality of treatment are considered.


5. DOCID:4706 SCORE: 0.0027566051011449
DOCNO: 7345007
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: antagonists & inhibitors
QUALIFIER: chemically induced
QUALIFIER: pharmacology
QUALIFIER: chemically induced
QUALIFIER: antagonists & inhibitors
AUTHOR: M Habs M
AUTHOR: D Schmähl D
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Hepato-gastroenterology.
COUNTRY: GERMANY, WEST
TITLE: Inhibition of the hepatocarcinogenic activity of diethylnitrosamine (DENA) by ethanol in rats.
PUBDATE: 19811001
Male Sprague-Dawley rats received 0.1 mg/kg of diethyl-nitrosamine orally five times a week for life with or without additional subsequent administration of 5 ml/rat/day of a 25% aqueous solution of ethanol. The additional treatment with ethanol significantly reduced the induction of liver cancer, but not of esophageal tumors. These findings do not support speculations based on epidemiologic studies as to a cancer-causing effect of alcohol.


6. DOCID:1478 SCORE: 0.00274366981574464
DOCNO: 860705
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Models, Theoretical
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
QUALIFIER: adverse effects
AUTHOR: T R Fears TR
AUTHOR: J Scotto J
AUTHOR: M A Schneiderman MA
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: American journal of epidemiology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Mathematical models of age and ultraviolet effects on the incidence of skin cancer among whites in the United States.
PUBDATE: 19770501
That sunlight leads to skin cancer has been generally accepted for nearly a century. Physical data are, for the first time, available which support this hypothesis. The authors have found that a simple power relationship can be used to describe the data and that the form of this power function suggests that the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer is related to cumulative lifetime ultraviolet (UV) exposure and that the risk of melanoma skin cancer is related to annual UV exposure. The authors emphasize that skin cancer risk also depends on location-specific demographic variables other than ultraviolet radiation.


7. DOCID:2252 SCORE: 0.0027385812361554
DOCNO: 1157019
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
AUTHOR: J D Godwin JD
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Carcinoid tumors. An analysis of 2,837 cases.
PUBDATE: 19750801
Two thousand eight hundred thirty-seven cases of carcinoid tumor from files at the National Cancer Institute were analyzed statistically. Tumors were found in the lung, ovary, and biliary and gastrointestinal tracts. Most were in the appendix, rectum, and ileum. Age-adjusted incidence rates were higher for black males, except for lung carcinoids. Carcinoids showed several differences from other kinds of tumor, including a low age for appendiceal and lung cases and low male/female and black/white ratios in the lung. Percentages of concurrent neoplasms and multiple carcinoids were low compared to other series. Five-year relative survival rates ranged from 99% (appendix) to 33% (sigmoid colon). Survival for colon cases was not so low as expected on the basis of the high rate of metastasis. Some appendiceal carcinoids were metastatic and may have killed 1 patient. Findings are compared with other studies.


8. DOCID:3910 SCORE: 0.00267964310917262
DOCNO: 1117767
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
AUTHOR: J F Beamis JF
AUTHOR: A Stein A
AUTHOR: J L Andrews JL
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The Medical clinics of North America.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Changing epidemiology of lung cancer. Increasing incidence in women.
PUBDATE: 19750301
Recent worldwide reports show a large increase in the incidence of lung cancer in both men and women. To detail changes in the epidemiology of lung cancer relating to the incidence in men and women, we reviewed the patterns of diagnosis of 1145 patients with lung cancer seen at the Lahey Clinic between 1956 and 1972, during which time the proportion of all men and women seen was unchanged. The total number of women with lung cancer increased greatly and has almost doubled during this period. Lung cancer in women is now increasing at a faster rate than in men so that the male to female incidence has decreased from 6.8/1 (1957 to 1960) to 2.4/1 (1969 to 1972). We reviewed in detail the case histories and pathology of 231 women with lung cancer. No significant change was evident in cell type distribution during the study years. The most frequently seen tumors in women were adenocarcinoma (31 per cent), undifferentiated large cell cancer (22 per cent), epidermoid carcinoma (16 per cent), and undifferentiated small cell carcinoma (12 per cent). Among those women with known smoking histories, the group most responsible for the recent increase in women with lung cancer was comprised of smoking women in whom Kreyberg group 1 (smoking-related) tumors developed.


9. DOCID:3957 SCORE: 0.00267704224665614
DOCNO: 903186
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: adverse effects
QUALIFIER: adverse effects
QUALIFIER: adverse effects
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
QUALIFIER: complications
AUTHOR: R Saracci R
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.
COUNTRY: DENMARK
TITLE: Asbestos and lung cancer: an analysis of the epidemiological evidence on the asbestos-smoking interaction.
PUBDATE: 19770901
Three simple models for the asbestos-smoking interaction on human lung cancer production are considered. In the first model the excess incidence of lung cancer independently due to asbestos and to smoking adds together when both agents are present (additive model). In the second the addition of each one of the two agents produces an effect (increase in lung cancer incidence) which is proportional to the effect of the other (multiplicative model). In the third, asbestos can only increase lung cancer incidence in the presence of smoking. As previously found by other investigators, the additive model appears the least plausible in the light of the data from two published epidemiological studies. A discrimination between the other two models is attempted through a detailed analysis of the five published epidemiological studies today available which provide information on occupational asbestos exposure, smoking habits and lung cancer risk. Although the data do not allow a definitive discrimination, the multiplicative model appears to be more plausible, being also consistent with a multi-stage carcinogenic mechanism and with evidence from animal (rat) experiments. It is relevant both for biology and for public health that in this model asbestos and smoking are regarded as independently capable of producing lung cancer in humans and that they act synergistically when exposure to both occurs.


10. DOCID:6207 SCORE: 0.00267036639027582
DOCNO: 497912
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: surgery
AUTHOR: C F McCullogh CF
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie.
COUNTRY: CANADA
TITLE: Trans-sphincteric approach to the rectum.
PUBDATE: 19790901
In 28 cases the trans-sphincteric approach has been used to remove lesions of the lower and mid-rectum; in 4 cases the combined abdominal and trans-sphincteric approach was used. Complications were minor and were easily treated and the operation was well tolerated by poor-risk patients. No patient had altered anal continence. The author emphasizes the need for careful identification and reconstruction of the anatomical structures. The trans-sphincteric approach gives excellent exposure of the mid- and lower rectum and has been particularly useful in managing large villous adenomas. The trans-sphincteric approach alone is not adequate for the treatment of cancer, but makes possible sphincter-preserving resections of lesions that might otherwise be treated by more radical procedures.


11. DOCID:7055 SCORE: 0.00262412988974821
DOCNO: 6101748
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Enzyme Tests
QUALIFIER: metabolism
QUALIFIER: analysis
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: R C Coombes RC
AUTHOR: T J Powles TJ
AUTHOR: J C Gazet JC
AUTHOR: A G Nash AG
AUTHOR: H T Ford HT
AUTHOR: A McKinna A
AUTHOR: A M Neville AM
PUBTYPE: Clinical Trial
PUBTYPE: Controlled Clinical Trial
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Lancet.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Assessment of biochemical tests to screen for metastases in patients with breast cancer.
PUBDATE: 19800201
Of ten tumour markers measured every 3 months after mastectomy in patients with apparently localised primary breast cancer, plasma levels of alkaline phosphatase, carcinoembryonic antigen, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were the most useful in detecting metastatic disease. With these three tests a "lead interval" of 3 months or more was obtained in about half the 23 patients who developed overt metases. Clinical examination, chest X-ray, and these three markers proved the most useful combination of tests in screening for metastases, since at least one test was abnormal in 46 of 47 patients at the time of the development of metastases as judged by more detailed physical tests.


12. DOCID:3043 SCORE: 0.00258784969684784
DOCNO: 950575
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
AUTHOR: M Jokelainen M
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Journal of the neurological sciences.
COUNTRY: NETHERLANDS
TITLE: The epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Finland. A study based on the death certificates of 421 patients.
PUBDATE: 19760901
The mortality and prevalence of ALS in the various countries of Finland was studied. The work was based on death certificates derived from a 10-year period from 1963 to 1972, and altogether 421 cases were found. The mean duration of the disease was 2.7 years, and the mean age at death was 61.2 years. The average annual mortality rate was 0.91 per 100,000. The male to female ratio was 0.87 to 1, males outnumbered females only in age groups under 65. Some clustering of the cases seems to be taking place in the south-eastern part of the country. The rural to urban distribution of the patients' places of birth and domiciles did not differ markedly from that of thw whole population. After ALS itself pneumonia was the most common direct cause of death. Of other significant conditions coded in the death certificates schizophrenia and cancer did not occur more often than could be expected by chance. No evidence of inheritance of the disease was found.


13. DOCID:3933 SCORE: 0.00253940826023389
DOCNO: 203161
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Inuits
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
AUTHOR: N H Nielsen NH
AUTHOR: F Mikkelsen F
AUTHOR: J P Hansen JP
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section A, Pathology.
COUNTRY: DENMARK
TITLE: Nasopharyngeal cancer in Greenland. The incidence in an Arctic Eskimo population.
PUBDATE: 19771101
Nasopharyngeal cancer is very common among the Chinese in various parts of the world, particularly Southern China, and frequent in certain other Mongoloid groups in Southeast Asia. Also, the incidence among the Eskimos of the western Canadian Arctic and Alaska is considerably higher than would be expected. Ths paper reports for the first time the incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer among native Greenlanders, an Eskimo population with some admixture of Caucasian blood. During 1955-1976, thirty-five cases of nasopharyngeal cancer were diagnosed. Ninety-four per cent (33 cases) were squamous cell carcinomas, including lymphoepitheliomas. Incidence rates 1965-1976, age adjusted to the "world" population distribution, were 12.3 and 8.5 per 100,000 per annum for males and females respectively. These rates are among the highest recorded in the world and significantly higher than among the Caucasian population in Denmark. Compared with other high risk populations nasopharyngeal cancer among Greenlanders had an older age distribution and a lower male-to-female sex ratio. An additional 11 cases with malignant involvement, seeminly confined only to cervical lymph nodes, may have included some undiagnosed nasopharyngeal cancers. Thus the calculated incidence rates of this study could represent only minimum rates. Further research is needed especially with regard to the HL-A profile and to possible traces of Epstein-Barr virus infection.


14. DOCID:2592 SCORE: 0.00243906811410998
DOCNO: 194678
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: L V Ackerman LV
AUTHOR: A L Katzenstein AL
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: The concept of minimal breast cancer and the pathologist's role in the diagnosis of "early carcinoma".
PUBDATE: 19770601
Minimal breast cancer has been variously defined as a lesion 1 cm or less, or even 5 mm or less. Some authorities consider intraductal cancer and lobular carcinoma in situ as minimal, but we believe that these should be excluded from consideration. Minimal cancer is not early cancer inasmuch as a 1 cm lesion represents 30 doubling times, and a certain percentage of these small cancers have already disseminated. The pathologist's responsibility in diagnosing minimal cancer has become more difficult. His problem is in three major areas: Is this proliferative cystic lesion cancer? Is this lobular or intraductal proliferative lesion in situ carcinoma? And if so, he must be concerned also with the treatment as well as the diagnosis. In any screening program, these minimal cancers, either invasive or in situ, should be evaluated by a group of experts in order that the program be entirely accurate.