0. DOCID:23356 SCORE: 0.00333276309012482
DOCNO: 7649244
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: etiology
QUALIFIER: etiology
QUALIFIER: etiology
QUALIFIER: etiology
QUALIFIER: metabolism
QUALIFIER: metabolism
AUTHOR: V Darley-Usmar V
AUTHOR: H Wiseman H
AUTHOR: B Halliwell B
AFFILIATION: Biology Division Wellcome Research Laboratories, Kent, UK.
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
PUBTYPE: Review
JOURNALTITLE: FEBS letters.
COUNTRY: NETHERLANDS
TITLE: Nitric oxide and oxygen radicals: a question of balance.
PUBDATE: 19950801
The production of superoxide and nitric oxide individually has been associated with the development of several diseases but only recently has it been realised that interactions between them may also be important in disease pathology. The central hypothesis which is emerging is that the balance between nitric oxide and superoxide generation is a critical determinant in the aetiology of many human diseases including atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative disease, ischaemia-reperfusion and cancer. These ideas are discussed in this short overview and placed in the context of the current and future status of therapies which could modulate the balance between nitric oxide and superoxide.

1. DOCID:3432 SCORE: 0.00280976170687969
DOCNO: 947510
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
AUTHOR: B Hoogstraten B
AUTHOR: S L George SL
AUTHOR: B Samal B
AUTHOR: S E Rivkin SE
AUTHOR: J J Costanzi JJ
AUTHOR: J D Bonnet JD
AUTHOR: T Thigpen T
AUTHOR: H Braine H
PUBTYPE: Clinical Trial
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
PUBTYPE: Randomized Controlled Trial
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Combination chemotherapy and adriamycin in patients with advanced breast cancer. A Southwest Oncology Group study.
PUBDATE: 19760701
In January, 1972, the Southwest Oncology Group initiated two randomized studies for patients with advanced breast cancer. The study for patients with prior chemotherapy showed a 33% response rate with adriamycin. The study for patients without previous chemotherapy consisted of three treatment regimens; a weekly repeated combination of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, vincristine, and prednisone; these same five drugs given in courses of 5 days repeated every 4 weeks; and adriamycin as a single agent every 3 weeks. For the 283 evaluable patients, the response rates were: weekly combination 63/106 (59%); intermittent combination 39/98 (40%); and adriamycin 31/79 (39%). The median duration of response was 8 months for weekly combination, 10 months for intermittent therapy and only 4 months for adriamycin. Leukopenia was the dose-limiting toxicity with all three regimens. The weekly combination is the most effective therapy for patients with advanced disease. Extensive trails of combinations that include adriamycin are underway.

2. DOCID:3564 SCORE: 0.00267570482358693
DOCNO: 998569
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Surgical Procedures, Operative
QUALIFIER: blood
QUALIFIER: analysis
QUALIFIER: blood
AUTHOR: I Lipinska I
AUTHOR: B Lipinski B
AUTHOR: V Gurewich V
AUTHOR: K D Hoffmann KD
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: American journal of clinical pathology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Fibrinogen heterogeneity in cancer, in occlusive vascular disease, and after surgical procedures.
PUBDATE: 19761201
Electrophoresis in 3.5% polyacrylamide gel was used to determine the patterns of fibrinogen heterogeneity in healthy subjects, in postoperative patients and in patients with cancer or occlusive vascular disease. Two major and one minor fibrinogen fractions, differing in molecular weight, were identified, and their concentrations in blood determined. The high-molecular-weight (HWM) fraction was found in greatest concentration after operation, during the period of hyperfibrinogenemia, whereas no simultaneous increase of lower-molecular-weight (LMW and LMW') fractions occurred, suggesting that these were derivatives of HMW ("native") fibrinogen. No correlation between the concentrations of the LMW and LMW' fractions and fibrinolytic activity was found, suggesting that direct degradation of HMW fibrinogen by plasmin was unlikely. The high fibrinogen level in cancer patients was related to increased concentrations of HMW and LMW fractions, whereas in the vascular-disease patients it was due exclusively to increased concentrations of LMW and LMW' fibrinogen. Serial observations indicated little fluctuation in the concentration of these fractions, indicating a persistently accelerated rate of conversion of HMW to LMW and LMW' fibrinogen in occlusive vascular disease. Possible pathogenic implications are discussed.

3. DOCID:23766 SCORE: 0.00208651430536494
DOCNO: 7890588
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: radiography
QUALIFIER: radiography
QUALIFIER: radiography
AUTHOR: G Villeirs G
AUTHOR: M Mortier M
AUTHOR: C De Potter C
AUTHOR: M Kunnen M
AFFILIATION: Dienst Radiologie, Universitair Ziekenhuis, Gent.
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
PUBTYPE: Review
JOURNALTITLE: Journal belge de radiologie.
COUNTRY: BELGIUM
TITLE: [Breast calcifications]
PUBDATE: 19950201
Calcifications are found in many women undergoing mammography. The majority of these calcifications are benign. Calcifications suggestive for malignancy prove to be cancer in about 30% of cases after biopsy. Study and personal experience should result in ready recognition of characteristically benign calcifications. Calcifications suggestive for malignancy should be biopsied and the ratio of malignant over benign biopsies should be as high as possible. The purpose of this paper is to present a practical approach to the evaluation of breast calcification, by means of a survey of the pattern of calcifications in breast pathology. We describe six types of typically benign calcifications and six criteria that entail an increased risk of malignancy.

4. DOCID:13295 SCORE: 0.00148386084185693
DOCNO: 3792931
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Stomach Neoplasms
QUALIFIER: secondary
QUALIFIER: pathology
QUALIFIER: secondary
AUTHOR: Y Atobe Y
AUTHOR: T Yoshimura T
AUTHOR: H Kako H
AUTHOR: A Misumi A
AUTHOR: M Akagi M
PUBTYPE: Case Reports
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Gynecologic oncology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Gastric cancer diagnosed by biopsy of the uterine cervix.
PUBDATE: 19870101
Biopsy of the uterine cervix from a 46-year-old woman who suffered from epigastric pain and weight loss showed metastatic adenocarcinoma. The primary site of the tumor was the stomach. At laparotomy, disseminated adenocarcinoma on the peritoneum and Krukenberg's tumor in the right ovary were found. A palliative partial gastrectomy, resection of the right ovary, and postoperative chemotherapy were performed. The possible mechanism of metastasis of extragenital cancer to the uterus is discussed.

5. DOCID:10730 SCORE: 0.00147886270937534
DOCNO: 3969765
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Lymph Node Excision
QUALIFIER: pathology
QUALIFIER: pathology
QUALIFIER: pathology
AUTHOR: C A Olsson CA
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Urology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Staging lymphadenectomy should be an antecedent to treatment in localized prostatic carcinoma.
PUBDATE: 19850201
Our own data, as well as those of many other workers, suggest that clinicians cannot depend on primary lesion Gleason scoring alone to predict the incidence of positive nodes in patients with prostatic cancer. We continue to find node involvement in 20 per cent or more of patients with Gleason 2 through 4 primary lesions. Furthermore, we continue to find that a large number (nearly 40%) of patients with Gleason 8 through 10 primary tumors do not have lymph node spread. Because of the significance of node status on patient prognosis and its potential impact on treatment decisions, we continue to advocate surgical lymph node staging in patients with localized prostate cancer.

6. DOCID:2819 SCORE: 0.00145731215904115
DOCNO: 1087261
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: R Lewis R
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Geriatrics.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Anemia--a common but never a normal concomitant of aging.
PUBDATE: 19761201
Diagnosis is often overlooked because symptoms develop slowly and insidiously and many patients don't complain about them. Then too, the giddiness, apathy, confusion, clumsiness, and similar problems may be considered simply signs of "old age." Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type in old people. It's usually due to gastrointestinal bleeding, but there may be a second, less obvious cause. The classic picture of low serum iron, high total iron-binding capacity, and low iron-binding saturation is sometimes distorted. Usually, many studies are needed to confirm the suspicion of a vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency. A raised mean corpuscular volume in itself signals the need for further investigation. In patients with macrocytosis, the bone marrow must be examined. Tests for intestinal malabsorption must be considered too. Repeated blood tests are essential in patients being treated for any type of anemia. Iron deficiency may hide evidence of folate or B12 deficiency. And iron therapy may lessen bleeding from colonic cancer, delaying diagnosis until it's too late to operate.

7. DOCID:3781 SCORE: 0.00145730461615342
DOCNO: 1087506
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: immunology
QUALIFIER: immunology
QUALIFIER: immunology
AUTHOR: W J Pichler WJ
AUTHOR: G Stingl G
AUTHOR: M Micksche M
AUTHOR: H Neumann H
AUTHOR: W Knapp W
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Wiener klinische Wochenschrift.
COUNTRY: AUSTRIA
TITLE: [T-Lymphocyte shifts in patients with melanoma and bronchogenic carcinoma (author's transl)]
PUBDATE: 19761101
Lymphocyte subpopulations were investigated in 32 patients with malignant melanoma, 25 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma and 59 control subjects. Whereas the determination of membrane immunoglobulin-bearing lymphocytes and of complement receptor-bearing lymphocytes gave comparable results in the tumour patient and control group, significant differences were found in the T-lymphocyte population using the sheep red blood cell (SRBC) assay. The so-called "active" Wybran rosette test, which characterizes a T-cell subpopulation with an especially avid receptor for SRBC, gave significantly lower results in patients with melanoma (25% control 35%, p less than 0.01) and bronchogenic carcinoma (21% control 35% p less than 0.01). Determination of the total T-cell population using the Jondal rosette assay gave significantly lower values in the patients with melanoma (52%, control 63%, p less than 0.01), but not in those with lung cancer (65%). Low rosette values were detected even at low histological invasion levels (classified according to Clark) in the patients with melanoma. No correlation was found between the invasion level and the percentage of rosette-forming cells. The significance of these findings and the value of the rosette assay in the assessment of the immunological reactivity of tumour patients is discussed.

8. DOCID:1329 SCORE: 0.00145729181854319
DOCNO: 1058530
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Aging
DESCRIPTOR: Hematologic Diseases
AUTHOR: C Maier C
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift.
COUNTRY: SWITZERLAND
TITLE: [Hematological problems in geriatrics]
PUBDATE: 19750801
By way of introduction, the physiologic alterations of blood cells in old age are described. Besides the well known anemias in younger persons, protein deficiency may be an additional cause of anemia in the elderly. Acquired sideroblastic anemia of varying etiology is more often seen in the elderly than in younger people. In pernicious anemia the daner of gastric cancer has been overestimated. Aggressive treatment of acute leukemias is not indicated in patients over 60. The special form of smouldering leukemia is mentioned. The syndrome of anemia, thrombocytopenia and enzymatic dysfunction of granulocytes may, it is suggested, be a symptom of preleukemia. Anemia with accelerated sedimentation rate responsive to steriods is helpful in diagnosing polymyalgia rheumatica in the oligosymptomatic form.

9. DOCID:11117 SCORE: 0.00142487596258295
DOCNO: 7047062
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: complications
QUALIFIER: etiology
AUTHOR: S A Sahn SA
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
PUBTYPE: Review
JOURNALTITLE: Clinics in chest medicine.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Pleural effusion in lung cancer.
PUBDATE: 19820501
Pleural effusions are common in the setting of lung cancer. The clinician must establish whether the effusion is malignant, ruling out the possibility of curative surgery; paramalignant, which may or may not rule out surgery; or unassociated with the cancer. A pleural effusion associated with lung cancer is an ominous finding, but a small percentage of patients in this setting will be candidates for curative surgery. When a malignant pleural effusion is diagnosed by cytology or histology, the clinician must decide on the most appropriate form of palliative therapy for the symptomatic patient. In the symptomatic patient with a reasonable life expectancy, chest tube drainage with the instillation of tetracycline hydrochloride appears to be the most effective and least morbid form of palliative therapy.

10. DOCID:27209 SCORE: 0.00117794350496282
DOCNO: 9795714
AUTHOR: D Hader D
AUTHOR: K Moss K
AUTHOR: N Geier N
AFFILIATION: Community Memorial Hospital, Menomonee Falls, Wis., USA.
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
PUBTYPE: Review
JOURNALTITLE: AORN journal.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Sentinel lymph node biopsy using lymphoscintigraphy.
PUBDATE: 19981001
Cancer surgery has existed as an elective treatment modality for more than 150 years, yet it is relatively unsophisticated in light of the advances seen in other medical disciplines. Using the nuclear medicine technique of lymphoscintigraphy (i.e., mapping lymph nodes using a radioactive isotope), the surgeon can perform a sentinel lymph node biopsy that targets only the lymph nodes that first drain a primary tumor site. This procedure can provide accurate staging information without risking the potential morbidity associated with lymph node dissection. This type of precise biopsy is made possible by using a gamma-detecting instrument coupled with an ultrasensitive probe designed for intraoperative use.

11. DOCID:17843 SCORE: 0.00117560343067312
DOCNO: 2200131
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
AUTHOR: I C Henderson IC
AFFILIATION: Division of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115.
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
PUBTYPE: Review
JOURNALTITLE: Seminars in oncology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Basic principles in the use of adjuvant therapy.
PUBDATE: 19900801
Data from collaborative trials clearly indicate that the primary effect of adjuvant therapy is to delay death from breast cancer by months or years. However, adjuvant chemotherapy does not appear to prolong the survival of women aged 50 years or older, and tamoxifen has not yet been shown to improve the survival of women younger than age 50. In three trials involving node-negative patients, all showed a highly significant improvement in disease-free survival despite different chemotherapeutic regimens and durations of regimens.

12. DOCID:13653 SCORE: 0.00117464178508065
DOCNO: 3513253
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Ultrasonography
QUALIFIER: anatomy & histology
QUALIFIER: pathology
AUTHOR: J Machi J
AUTHOR: J Takeda J
AUTHOR: B Sigel B
AUTHOR: T Kakegawa T
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Radiology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Normal stomach wall and gastric cancer: evaluation with high-resolution operative US.
PUBDATE: 19860401
Operative ultrasound examinations were performed using a 7.5-MHz transducer during nine operations for advanced gastric cancers and during six for early cancers. Normal stomach wall showed five layers that corresponded to histologic structures. Fourteen of 15 tumors, including nonpalpable early cancers, were localized with ultrasonography. In addition, both depth of penetration and lateral wall extension of the gastric cancers were precisely determined with this technique. Our preliminary results indicate that high-resolution operative ultrasonography may become a diagnostic aid during gastric cancer operations.

13. DOCID:13112 SCORE: 0.00117464096908359
DOCNO: 3308043
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Decision Theory
QUALIFIER: prevention & control
AUTHOR: J R Feussner JR
AUTHOR: D L Simel DL
AUTHOR: D B Matchar DB
AFFILIATION: Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
PUBTYPE: Review
JOURNALTITLE: Clinics in geriatric medicine.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Quantitative approaches to clinical diagnosis of cancer in elderly patients.
PUBDATE: 19870801
Recommendations for cancer detection in the elderly are based on even less evidence of efficacy than are recommendations for the general adult population. In this article, we present some quantitative measures of test performance--operating characteristics, effectiveness and cost effectiveness/cost benefit--and show examples of how to use these measures to adjust diagnostic strategies for factors especially relevant to the elderly.

14. DOCID:10993 SCORE: 0.00117081278311962
DOCNO: 4086746
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: methods
QUALIFIER: pathology
QUALIFIER: pathology
AUTHOR: V M Phillips VM
AUTHOR: T Hersh T
AUTHOR: B C Erwin BC
AUTHOR: W E Torres WE
AUTHOR: C W Sewell CW
AUTHOR: K Gedgaudas-McClees K
AUTHOR: J L Clements JL
AUTHOR: B R Baumgartner BR
AUTHOR: M E Bernardino ME
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Journal of clinical gastroenterology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Percutaneous biopsy of pancreatic masses.
PUBDATE: 19851201
Forty-five percutaneous needle biopsies of pancreatic masses were performed in 41 patients in whom there was clinical or radiological concern for the diagnosis of cancer. Computed tomography (CT) was the imaging technique used in 41 of the 45 biopsies. An overall sensitivity of 85%, specificity of 100%, and accuracy rate of 88% were achieved, with serious complications in three of the 45 attempts (6.7%). These figures show that percutaneous pancreatic biopsies have the potential for greater accuracy than has been previously reported and are relatively safe when compared with surgery.