0. DOCID:3943 SCORE: 0.00681080088941946
DOCNO: 1070982
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Smoking
QUALIFIER: analysis
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
AUTHOR: K J Cullen KJ
AUTHOR: D P Stevens DP
AUTHOR: M A Frost MA
AUTHOR: I R Mackay IR
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Australian and New Zealand journal of medicine.
COUNTRY: AUSTRALIA
TITLE: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), smoking, and cancer in a longitudinal population study.
PUBDATE: 19760801
In 1969, the prevalence of raised levels (5 ng/ml of serum) of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was estimated in 2372 persons aged 40 years and over in Busselton, Western Australia. There were raised levels of CEA in 73 subjects (3%). The prevalence increased progressively with age in both non-smokers and smokers with a higher rate of prevalence at all ages in smokers, and a peak of 11% in smokers aged 65--74 years. Among non-smokers, the prevalence was similar in both men and women (1%), in smokers there was a stepwise rise in prevalence with increasing tobacco consumption. Subsequently, levels of CEA of 5 ng/ml or over tended to disappear from the sera in a greater proportion of the non/exsmokers than of smokers. In the following five years, "CEA-associated" cancer occurred in nine of 73 subjects (13%) with raised levels of CEA compared with 25 in 2299 (1%) in those with normal CEA levels. This association was independent of the confounding effects of age, sex, and smoking habit. The five year data on 2372 subjects have confirmed that CEA screening of healthy Busselton subjects has identified a group at future risk of developing "CEA-associated" cancers, in addition to drawing attention to the presence of existing cancers.

1. DOCID:3938 SCORE: 0.00402318302512753
DOCNO: 171104
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Receptors, Cell Surface
QUALIFIER: metabolism
QUALIFIER: metabolism
AUTHOR: R A Hawkins RA
AUTHOR: A Hill A
AUTHOR: B Freedman B
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.
COUNTRY: NETHERLANDS
TITLE: A simple method for the determination of oestrogen receptor concentrations in breast tumours and other tissues.
PUBDATE: 19751001
A simple method for the determination of oestrogen receptor activity in breast tumours and other tissues is described. By competition between radioactive and non-radioactive oestradiol-17beta for binding to a tissue extract prepared with centrifugation at low speed, the presence or absence of receptors is decided from the unmanipulated data. The concentration of receptors (P0) and dissociation constant of binding (Kd) are calculated by Scatchard analysis. In two relatively homogeneous tissues, assay precision was of the order of 16% for receptor concentration and 21-33% for the dissociation constant of binding: in heterogeneous breast tumors, much poorer precision can be expected. Sensitivity determined empirically is approximately 0.1 fmol/mg tissue. The method has been applied to the determination of receptor concentrations in human breast cancers, benign breast tumours, non-malignant breast, gynaecomastic breast, and in various tissues of the rat. Receptor activity was detected in 70% of the human breast cancers examined, and in lower amounts, in 21% of the benign human breast tissues. Activity was also detected in rat uterus and mammary gland, and in low amounts in 82% of the rat mammary tumours analysed. Dissociation constant of binding was generally of the order of 0.5 x 10(-10) M. The advantages of the method are discussed.

2. DOCID:3483 SCORE: 0.00381906091342636
DOCNO: 1008478
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
QUALIFIER: methods
AUTHOR: I Soini I
AUTHOR: K Lauslahti K
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Annals of clinical research.
COUNTRY: FINLAND
TITLE: Screening for breast cancer in women aged 41--60.
PUBDATE: 19761201
All women aged 41--60 (20 644) living in the city of Tampere were invited to attend screening for breast cancer during the period April 1974--March 1975. The breasts and the axillary lymph nodes were examined and palpated by specially trained nurses. The women were instructed in self-examination and given a leaflet for study at home. If anything abnormal was revealed at this stage the subject was referred to a physician for further examination. The women who attended totalled 17 261 (84%), 627 (3.6%) of whom were referred for further examination and 615 attended. Surgical biopsy was recommended for 117 (19%) of these 615. Breast cancer was histologically verified in 27 subjects. Ten further cases of breast cancer were detected outside this screening during the same one year screening period, which made the overall detection rate 1.79 per thousand in this age group. As the expected incidence was 1.20 per thousand, the primary detection excess was 0.59 per thousand or 12 cases. A further advantage of screening of this kind is the instruction given to the subjects, which is expected to result in more cases of cancer being revealed at an earlier stage.

3. DOCID:3803 SCORE: 0.00365496622539745
DOCNO: 1268838
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: analogs & derivatives
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
AUTHOR: M Valdivieso M
AUTHOR: G P Bodey GP
AUTHOR: J A Gottlieb JA
AUTHOR: E J Freireich EJ
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer research.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Clinical evaluation of ftorafur (pyrimidine-deoxyribose n1-2'-furanidyl-5-fluorouracil).
PUBDATE: 19760501
Ftorafur, a possible sustained-release formulation of 5-fluorouracil, was administered to 27 patients with metastatic cancers. The majority of patients had adenocarcinoma, most of which (60%) arose from the gastrointestinal tract. Ftorafur was given i.v. at doses ranging from 1 to 3 g/sq m/day for 5 days, repeated every 2 to 3 weeks. Gastrointestinal (68%) and neurological (17%) toxicities were the most common side effects encountered in this study and became dose limiting at doses greater than 2 g/sq m/day for 5 days. Myelosuppression (7%) was infrequent. Other toxicities included weakness (20%), chills and fever (8%), and phlebitis (1%). Of 24 evaluable patients, 4 (17%) responded (1 complete and 3 partial remissions). Responses were seen in 1 of 8 carcinomas of the lung, 1 of 5 carcinomas of the stomach, 1 of 3 carcinomas of the colon, and 1 of 1 carcinoma of the jejunum. The duration of response ranged from 4 to 58 weeks. The results of this study resemble somewhat those obtained with the laborious 5-day continuous i.v. infusion of 5-fluorouracil. Daily doses of 2 g/sq m for 5 days, repeated every 3 weeks, produced significant antitumor effect and tolerable toxicity.

4. DOCID:3630 SCORE: 0.00353887687502595
DOCNO: 826649
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: chemically induced
QUALIFIER: chemically induced
AUTHOR: D Medina D
AUTHOR: M R Warner MR
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Mammary tumorigenesis in chemical carcinogen-treated mice. IV. Induction of mammary ductal hyperplasias.
PUBDATE: 19760801
BALB/cCrgl, C57BL/Ki, and (C57BL/Ki X DBAf)F1 mice were treated with 7,12-diemthylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) or urethan to determine conditions that would induce a high frequency of ductal hyperplasias in the mammary gland. Among virgin BALB/c mice treated with either 3.0 or 4.0 mg DMBA, ductal hyperplasias and mammary tumors were present in 50% and 31% of the mice, respectively. These ductal hyperplasias were characterized by intraluminal epithelial hyperplasia and capped by endbud-like structures that appeared abnormal. Hyperplastic alveolar nodules were not seen. Most mammary tumors were adenocarcinomas rather than the adenocanthomas observed in DMBA-treated, pituitary isograft-bearing BALB/c mice. The predominant mammary lesions in urethan-treated, pituitary isograft-bearing C57BL and (C57BL X DBAf)F1 mice were terminal duct (lobular) hyperplasias characterized by intraluminal epithelial hyperplasia; the urethan-induced mammary tumors were a mixture of adenocarcinomas (36%), adenoacanthomas (5%), and fibroadenomas (59%). The induction by chemical carcinogens of intraductal hyperplasias in a relatively high incidence, with associated mammary neoplasms, provides a system for study of the process of tumor progression in lesions similar to suspected high-risk lesions occurring in human breast cancer.

5. DOCID:3752 SCORE: 0.00353840791366247
DOCNO: 926277
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: etiology
QUALIFIER: etiology
QUALIFIER: adverse effects
QUALIFIER: therapy
QUALIFIER: adverse effects
AUTHOR: J M Kaufman JM
AUTHOR: B Fam B
AUTHOR: S C Jacobs SC
AUTHOR: F Gabilondo F
AUTHOR: S Yalla S
AUTHOR: J P Kane JP
AUTHOR: A B Rossier AB
PUBTYPE: Case Reports
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The Journal of urology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Bladder cancer and squamous metaplasia in spinal cord injury patients.
PUBDATE: 19771201
The influence of long-term indwelling urethral catheterization was studied by random bladder and urethral biopsies in 62 spinal cord injury patients. Six patients (10 per cent) had diffuse squamous cell bladder carcinoma, 4 of whom had no tumor visible endoscopically. Five of the patients with cancer were among 25 patients (20 per cent) managed with an indwelling urethral catheter for more than 10 years (average 21 years, range 15 to 30 years). The other cancer patient had been free of the catheter for 27 years after suprapubic cystotomy for 4 years. Gross and microscopic hematuria was associated with cancer. Squamous metaplasia of the bladder was significantly greater in patients who had been catheterized for more than 10 years (80 per cent), compared to those catheterized for less than 10 years (42 per cent) and patients without catheters (20 per cent). Urethral squamous metaplasia increased slightly in long-term catheterization patients. Urinary infection was universal and did not distinguish patients with inflammation, metaplasia or cancer. Therefore, the duration of indwelling catheterization seems to be the major factor in squamous changes in these patients.

6. DOCID:3288 SCORE: 0.00347981561164852
DOCNO: 832917
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Antigen-Antibody Complex
DESCRIPTOR: Immunoglobulin G
QUALIFIER: immunology
AUTHOR: E A Samayoa EA
AUTHOR: F C McDuffie FC
AUTHOR: A M Nelson AM
AUTHOR: V L Go VL
AUTHOR: H S Luthra HS
AUTHOR: H W Brumfield HW
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.
COUNTRY: DENMARK
TITLE: Immunoglobulin complexes in sera of patients with malignancy.
PUBDATE: 19770101
Sera frour 146 patients with malignancy, 59 normal controls and 42 patients hospitalized with non-malignant diseases were examined by a precipitin test with monoclonal rheumatoid factor (mRF) for the presence of circulating immune complexes containing IgG. Forty-two (29%) of the sera from cancer patients but only two of the sera from patients in each of the control groups contained such material. Similar results were obtained with a radioimmunoassay for immune complexes based on the same mRF. Sera from 23 of 65 patients with metastatic malignancy (35%) had elevated levels of immune complexes by this latter test. The presence of the material was not related to the source of malignancy, presence of carcinoembryonic or hepatitis antigens or of such autoantibodies as rheumatoid factor or anti-DNA. By density gradient ultracentrifugation the reacting material was identified as being of molecular size 19s or greater. It has not yet been further characterized with regard to the nature of any antigens present.

7. DOCID:3804 SCORE: 0.00336215507923296
DOCNO: 176384
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: analysis
QUALIFIER: immunology
QUALIFIER: immunology
AUTHOR: M Müller M
AUTHOR: S Zotter S
AUTHOR: C Kemmer C
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Specificity of human antibodies to intracytoplasmic type-A particles of the murine mammary tumor virus.
PUBDATE: 19760201
Large-scale studies showed that antibodies previously detectable in women with proliferating mastopathy or breast cancer were directed to intracytoplasmic type-A particles (iAp) of mouse mammary tumor virus. Immunofluorescence revealed the human antibodies to be bound only by those tumors producing a certain amount of iAp clusters visible by light microscopy. The intensity of the reaction corresponded to the iAp content of every tumor tested as revealed by electron microscopy and rabbit antisera to iAp. The fluorescence patterns obtained with positive human sera were similar to those obtained with rabbit antisera specific for iAp and resembled the tissue distribution patterns of iAp inclusions stained by acid fuchsin. The reaction with human sera was entirely blocked by rabbit antisera to iAp and, less so, by rabbit or mouse antisera to B particles. The human antibody activity was exhaustively absorbed by purified iAp or purified and disrupted B particles, which indicated that the human antibodies were directed to antigenic components shared by iAp and B particles. Preliminary immunoperoxidase studies supported the assumption that the human antibodies were bound to the iAp membrane; technical details might have accounted for the finding that the human antibodies reacted with the iAp but not with B particles in situ.

8. DOCID:3472 SCORE: 0.00324071643076938
DOCNO: 1182683
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Antigens, Neoplasm
DESCRIPTOR: Immunity, Cellular
QUALIFIER: immunology
QUALIFIER: immunology
AUTHOR: N Amino N
AUTHOR: T Pysher T
AUTHOR: E P Cohen EP
AUTHOR: L J Degroot LJ
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Immunologic aspects of human thyroid cancer. Humoral and cell-mediated immunity, and a trial of immunotherapy.
PUBDATE: 19750901
Immunologic studies were performed on 16 patients with thyroid cancer. Circulating leukocyte counts increased, parallel to development of the terminal stage of disease, but total lymphocytes decreased. Serum immunoglobulin and complement were high, even though almost all patients showed negative antithyroid antibodies. Delayed skin hypersensitivity to bacterial and viral antigens and lymphocyte responsivity to PHA were not impaired at the initial stage of disease, but were impaired in terminal illness. Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to tumor antigens(s) was measured using the assays of lymphotoxin, migration inhibition factor, and peripheral leukocyte migration inhibition. A few patients showed significant response to tumor antigen, but not to homogenates of Graves' thyroid gland. Active immunotherapy was applied to three patients. Two patients, who were in the terminal stage of illness, could not develop generalized CMI; immunization did not alter the patients' rapid downhill course. One patient developed in vitro evidence of CMI against cancer tissue antigens, associated with decrease in tumor size. Four months after immunization, CMI was impaired in autologous plasma culture, but not in cultures in allogenic normal plasma.

9. DOCID:3545 SCORE: 0.00322061569075244
DOCNO: 889378
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Radioisotopes
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
QUALIFIER: pathology
AUTHOR: R R Baker RR
AUTHOR: E R Holmes ER
AUTHOR: P O Alderson PO
AUTHOR: N F Khouri NF
AUTHOR: H N Wagner HN
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Annals of surgery.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: An evaluation of bone scans as screening procedures for occult metastases in primary breast cancer.
PUBDATE: 19770901
Preoperative bone scans were obtained in 104 patients with operable breast cancer. Areas of increased radioactivity detected by the bone scan were correlated with appropriate radiographs. One of 64 patients (1.5%) with clinical Stage I and Stage II breast cancer had a metastatic lesion detected by the preoperative bone scan. In contrast, 10 of 41 patients (24%) with Stage III breast cancer had occult metastatic lesions detected by the preoperative bone scan. The majority of patients with abnormal bone scans and no radiographic evidence of a benign lesion to explain the cause of the increased radioactivity proved to have metastatic breast cancer on follow-examination. Even though 20% of patients with operable breast cancer will eventually develop bone metastases, our results indicate that preoperative bone scans are not an effective means of predicting which patients with Stage I and Stage II disease will develop metastatic breast cancer. Because of the considerably increased frequency of detection of occult metastases in patients with Stage III breast cancer, bone scans should be obtained routinely in the preoperative assessment of these patients.

10. DOCID:3282 SCORE: 0.003196662641042
DOCNO: 328553
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Cellulose
DESCRIPTOR: Dietary Fiber
DESCRIPTOR: Triticum
QUALIFIER: etiology
AUTHOR: A M Connell AM
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
PUBTYPE: Review
JOURNALTITLE: Journal of the American Dietetic Association.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Wheat bran as an etiologic factor in certain diseases. Some second thoughts.
PUBDATE: 19770901
The author questions "the bran hypothesis" that a deficiency of natural fiber--wheat bran in particular--is responsible for a number of prevalent diseases in Western societies, namely diverticular disease, cancer of the colon, gallstones, and myocardial disease. In re-examining the hypothesis, he cites reports which fail to support the theory. For instance, the incidence of diverticular disease in women has increased since 1925, yet there is no evidence that their diets have changed or are different from those of men. Also, it is a mistake to equate wheat bran with fiber in general, and it cannot be shown that dietary fiber in general has declined. In addition, clinical studies have failed to show beneficial results in treating diverticular disease and irritable colon by adding bran to the diet. Similar problems arise in testing the hypothesis that natural fiber can prevent cancer of the colon and lower serum cholesterol and triglycerides. Recent interest in dietary fiber is welcome, for it has been grossly neglected, but much research is still needed to place it in proper perspective.

11. DOCID:3598 SCORE: 0.00314110692248425
DOCNO: 1211757
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: administration & dosage
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
AUTHOR: C Micheau C
AUTHOR: J Richard J
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Annales d'oto-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico faciale : bulletin de la Société d'oto-laryngologie des hôpitaux de Paris.
COUNTRY: FRANCE
TITLE: [Tissue effects of intra-arterial chemotherapy in pelvilingual cancers and their lymphatic metastases (Apropos of 47 cases)]
PUBDATE: 19750901
Forty-seven patients with pelvi-lingual (mostly T4) cancers treated bAE intra-arteri chemotherapy (I.A.C.) were studied histologiccaly to discover the effects of the chemotherapy. The results observed were classified according to a six degree histological scale ranging from total absence of tumoral regression to complete involution of the cancer. The product used, dosage, time lapse, clinical regression and histological formula were compared with the histological findings. The results were also compared with those obtained with other pelvilingual cancers treated by radiation and primary surgery and with cancers of the facial masse after I.A.C. In the event, 10 tumours remained unchanged after I.A.C., 30 showed more or less marked changes and 7 completely regressed. Furthermore, the metastatic ganglia underwent the same involution as the primary tumour. A survey of survival in relation to tumoral regression, showed that, after a sufficient time lapse, of the 17 patients with considerable tumoral modification, 11 were in a satisfactory condition after 4 or 5 years (65%). Pelvi-lingual cancers are therefore a good indication for I.A.C. which gives very encouraging results.

12. DOCID:3774 SCORE: 0.00309717959077704
DOCNO: 805003
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Mutagens
QUALIFIER: pharmacology
AUTHOR: O G Fahmy OG
AUTHOR: M J Fahmy MJ
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Chemico-biological interactions.
COUNTRY: NETHERLANDS
TITLE: Mutagenic selectivity of carcinogenic nitroso compounds 2. n-methyl-N-nitrosourethane.
PUBDATE: 19750301
The mutagenicity of the carcinogen methylnitrosourethane (MNUr) was examined in Drosophila with a view to the determination of its activity on heterochromatic loci (especially rDNA) relative to those in the euchromatin. Assays were made of the yield of rDNA mutations (bobbed: bb) relative to other X-chromosome recessive lethals and visibles [X(l + v)] in the same male germ cells after treatment with different doses (1-10 mM) and at various stages in spermatogenesis. Dose dependence followed the same pattern for all genic loci and germ cell stages. In all instances, the regression of mutation frequency on injected molar dose was approximately linear, but could better be described by a quadratic dose curve. In contrast, the mutagenicity pattern during spermatogenesis varied according to the target genes. The response of the euchromatic loci reached a peak among the earlier germ cells (probably the spermatocytes), whereas that for the heterochromatic sites (including rDNA) was maximal in mature sperm. Mutagenic selectivity for rDNA with MNUr, as indicated by the percentage bb/X-mutations, was among the highest for the intrinsically reactive carcinogens (alkylating and arylating agents). This correlates with the strong carcinogenicity of MNUr and adds further support to the concept that rDNA mutations might well be a crucial step in cancer initiation.

13. DOCID:3480 SCORE: 0.0030819664368215
DOCNO: 406977
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: radiotherapy
QUALIFIER: radiotherapy
AUTHOR: S S Turner SS
AUTHOR: E F Vieira EF
AUTHOR: P J Ager PJ
AUTHOR: S Alpert S
AUTHOR: G Efron G
AUTHOR: H Ragins H
AUTHOR: P Weil P
AUTHOR: N A Ghossein NA
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Elective postoperative radiotherapy for locally advanced colorectal cancer. A preliminary report.
PUBDATE: 19770701
Preoperative radiotherapy in colorectal carcinoma invalidates surgical staging and delays performing the surgical resection. Postoperative radiotherapy does neither. From October 1972, to December 1975, 40 patients at high risk for local recurrence (B2 and C) received postoperative radiotherapy. Lesions that were located in the rectum, rectosigmoid and low sigmoid colon were given 4600 rads in four and a half weeks through an inverted T-shaped field which encompassed the pelvic and paraortic nodes. Patients with tumors located above mid-sigmoid were treated to the entire abdominal cavity by the moving strip technique. Of 19 patients with rectal and rectosigmoid lesions, 14 (74%) are alive without evidence of disease. Two had local recurrence in the treated area. Of 21 patients with lesions above the mid-sigmoid, four have failed locally, while 11 (52%) are alive without evidence of disease. One of these 40 patients died to radiation enteritis. Although the follow up period is short, the results suggest that a moderate dose of radiation may prevent local recurrence in patients with locally advanced colorectal cancer.

14. DOCID:2650 SCORE: 0.00302026272101715
DOCNO: 604399
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Speech, Alaryngeal
QUALIFIER: surgery
QUALIFIER: surgery
AUTHOR: P Ghosh P
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The Journal of laryngology and otology.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Transverse trachero-oesophagoplasty a new one-stage operation for construction of a 'Neo-Larynx'.
PUBDATE: 19771201
A new one-stage operation of constructing a 'Neo-Larynx' after total laryngectomy, transverse tracheo-oesophagoplasty, for a good alaryngeal ('Tracheo-Oesophageal') speech is described. A 'Neo-Epiglottis' is constructed from the posterior tracheal wall and a 'Pseudo-Glottis' in the tracheo-oesophagenal partition wall with a valvular mechanism for preventing aspiration into the trachea during deglutition. No extraneous tissue is used for the construction of the 'Neo-Larynx' and no practice is necessary on the part of the patient for developing alaryngeal 'Tracheo-Oesophageal' speech. The patient can phonate immediately after removal of the feeding tube and the silastic sheet and is ready for discharge five weeks after operation. Adequate surgical ablation is ensured and at the same time good functional rehabilitation is offered without jeopardizing the principles of cancer surgery, i.e. to be on the overdoing side rather than on the underdoing one in a futile attempt at retaining the function.