0. DOCID:3943 SCORE: 0.00681080088941946
DOCNO: 1070982
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Smoking
QUALIFIER: analysis
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
AUTHOR: K J Cullen KJ
AUTHOR: D P Stevens DP
AUTHOR: M A Frost MA
AUTHOR: I R Mackay IR
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Australian and New Zealand journal of medicine.
COUNTRY: AUSTRALIA
TITLE: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), smoking, and cancer in a longitudinal population study.
PUBDATE: 19760801
In 1969, the prevalence of raised levels (5 ng/ml of serum) of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was estimated in 2372 persons aged 40 years and over in Busselton, Western Australia. There were raised levels of CEA in 73 subjects (3%). The prevalence increased progressively with age in both non-smokers and smokers with a higher rate of prevalence at all ages in smokers, and a peak of 11% in smokers aged 65--74 years. Among non-smokers, the prevalence was similar in both men and women (1%), in smokers there was a stepwise rise in prevalence with increasing tobacco consumption. Subsequently, levels of CEA of 5 ng/ml or over tended to disappear from the sera in a greater proportion of the non/exsmokers than of smokers. In the following five years, "CEA-associated" cancer occurred in nine of 73 subjects (13%) with raised levels of CEA compared with 25 in 2299 (1%) in those with normal CEA levels. This association was independent of the confounding effects of age, sex, and smoking habit. The five year data on 2372 subjects have confirmed that CEA screening of healthy Busselton subjects has identified a group at future risk of developing "CEA-associated" cancers, in addition to drawing attention to the presence of existing cancers.

1. DOCID:7732 SCORE: 0.00435635730905432
DOCNO: 366189
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
QUALIFIER: instrumentation
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: J M Miller JM
AUTHOR: J I Hamburger JI
AUTHOR: S Kini S
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Use of fine-needle aspiration and needle biopsy.
PUBDATE: 19790201
The accuracy of diagnosis of 455 thyroid nodules evaluated by cytological and histological specimens obtained by fine- and large-needle biopsy, respectively, was compared with that for 1,094 nodules previously evaluated by clinical methods. The use of cytohistological data halved the number of patients with suspected cancer and doubled the number of patients to be observed. Cancers identified at operation for high and intermediate cancer-risk patients increased 75%, and operation for diagnosis of benign disease decreased 70%. Forty-two of 47 excised cancers were included in the cytohistological probable cancer group. Only 29 of these cancers were so classified clinically. Two cancers not diagnosed cytologically were suspected histologically and vice versa for one cancer. All 51 excised cytohistologically benign nodules were benign. There were more false-positive findings with cytological than with histological specimens.

2. DOCID:3938 SCORE: 0.00402318302512753
DOCNO: 171104
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Receptors, Cell Surface
QUALIFIER: metabolism
QUALIFIER: metabolism
AUTHOR: R A Hawkins RA
AUTHOR: A Hill A
AUTHOR: B Freedman B
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.
COUNTRY: NETHERLANDS
TITLE: A simple method for the determination of oestrogen receptor concentrations in breast tumours and other tissues.
PUBDATE: 19751001
A simple method for the determination of oestrogen receptor activity in breast tumours and other tissues is described. By competition between radioactive and non-radioactive oestradiol-17beta for binding to a tissue extract prepared with centrifugation at low speed, the presence or absence of receptors is decided from the unmanipulated data. The concentration of receptors (P0) and dissociation constant of binding (Kd) are calculated by Scatchard analysis. In two relatively homogeneous tissues, assay precision was of the order of 16% for receptor concentration and 21-33% for the dissociation constant of binding: in heterogeneous breast tumors, much poorer precision can be expected. Sensitivity determined empirically is approximately 0.1 fmol/mg tissue. The method has been applied to the determination of receptor concentrations in human breast cancers, benign breast tumours, non-malignant breast, gynaecomastic breast, and in various tissues of the rat. Receptor activity was detected in 70% of the human breast cancers examined, and in lower amounts, in 21% of the benign human breast tissues. Activity was also detected in rat uterus and mammary gland, and in low amounts in 82% of the rat mammary tumours analysed. Dissociation constant of binding was generally of the order of 0.5 x 10(-10) M. The advantages of the method are discussed.

3. DOCID:7997 SCORE: 0.00396615813637199
DOCNO: 78006
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: complications
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
QUALIFIER: complications
AUTHOR: A J McMichael AJ
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Lancet.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Increases in laryngeal cancer in Britain and Australia in relation to alcohol and tobacco consumption trends.
PUBDATE: 19780601
The incidence of laryngeal and oesophageal cancers has recently risen in Britain and Australia, particularly in younger people, after many decades of steady decline. In view of accruing evidence that head-and-neck cancers are causally related to alcohol and tobacco consumption, particularly in combination, it seems that the upsurge in consumption of alcohol and cigarettes after the 1939-45 war is now reflected in the increases in these two cancers, particularly in young women. The time-trends in sex-specific mortality from cancers of the larynx and oesophagus throughout this century, in both Britain and Australia, show strong correlations with alcohol consumption. By reference to inter-country differences in consumption trends, to differences in consumption of alcohol and cigarettes, to sex differences in cigarette consumption, to trends in types of alcoholic drink consumed, and to the mortality experienced of successive generations, the evidence that alcohol is causally related to laryngeal cancer is strengthened.

4. DOCID:6930 SCORE: 0.00382323987813694
DOCNO: 7218445
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Immune Adherence Reaction
QUALIFIER: radiotherapy
QUALIFIER: radiotherapy
QUALIFIER: radiation effects
AUTHOR: J P Richie JP
AUTHOR: W T Yap WT
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The Journal of urology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Further observations on the specific red cell adherence test: effects of radiation therapy.
PUBDATE: 19810401
To assess the effects of radiation therapy on the specific red cell adherence test we have evaluated 33 patients who underwent cystectomy for bladder cancer and in whom radiotherapy had been used. With this test negative tumors were found in 32 of the 33 cases. In a second series of 10 patients histologic examinations were done by biopsy before radiotherapy and by subsequent microscopic examination of the cystectomy specimen. The specific red cell adherence test results remained constant in all of these cases. These findings strongly suggest that 1) the specific red cell adherence test does remain negative after radiotherapy and 2) this test is a valuable prognosticator of the future likelihood of invasion in all patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.

5. DOCID:3483 SCORE: 0.00381906091342636
DOCNO: 1008478
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
QUALIFIER: methods
AUTHOR: I Soini I
AUTHOR: K Lauslahti K
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Annals of clinical research.
COUNTRY: FINLAND
TITLE: Screening for breast cancer in women aged 41--60.
PUBDATE: 19761201
All women aged 41--60 (20 644) living in the city of Tampere were invited to attend screening for breast cancer during the period April 1974--March 1975. The breasts and the axillary lymph nodes were examined and palpated by specially trained nurses. The women were instructed in self-examination and given a leaflet for study at home. If anything abnormal was revealed at this stage the subject was referred to a physician for further examination. The women who attended totalled 17 261 (84%), 627 (3.6%) of whom were referred for further examination and 615 attended. Surgical biopsy was recommended for 117 (19%) of these 615. Breast cancer was histologically verified in 27 subjects. Ten further cases of breast cancer were detected outside this screening during the same one year screening period, which made the overall detection rate 1.79 per thousand in this age group. As the expected incidence was 1.20 per thousand, the primary detection excess was 0.59 per thousand or 12 cases. A further advantage of screening of this kind is the instruction given to the subjects, which is expected to result in more cases of cancer being revealed at an earlier stage.

6. DOCID:7922 SCORE: 0.00369345529431459
DOCNO: 762865
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Attitude of Health Personnel
DESCRIPTOR: Neoplasms
DESCRIPTOR: Physicians
DESCRIPTOR: Truth Disclosure
AUTHOR: D H Novack DH
AUTHOR: R Plumer R
AUTHOR: R L Smith RL
AUTHOR: H Ochitill H
AUTHOR: G R Morrow GR
AUTHOR: J M Bennett JM
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Changes in physicians' attitudes toward telling the cancer patient.
PUBDATE: 19790301
In answer to a questionnaire administered in 1961, 90% of responding physicians indicated a preference for not telling a cancer patient his diagnosis. To assess attitudinal changes, the same questionnaire was submitted to 699 university-hospital medical staff. Of 264 respondents, 97% indicated a preference for telling a cancer patient his diagnosis--a complete reversal of attitude. As in 1961, clinical experience was the major policy determinant, but the 1977 population emphasized the influence of medical school and hospital training. Our respondents indicated less likelihood that they would change their present policy or be swayed by research. Clinical experience was the determining factor in shaping two opposite policies. Physicians are still basing their policies on emotion-laden personal conviction rather than the outcome of properly designed scientific studies.

7. DOCID:3803 SCORE: 0.00365496622539745
DOCNO: 1268838
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: analogs & derivatives
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
AUTHOR: M Valdivieso M
AUTHOR: G P Bodey GP
AUTHOR: J A Gottlieb JA
AUTHOR: E J Freireich EJ
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer research.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Clinical evaluation of ftorafur (pyrimidine-deoxyribose n1-2'-furanidyl-5-fluorouracil).
PUBDATE: 19760501
Ftorafur, a possible sustained-release formulation of 5-fluorouracil, was administered to 27 patients with metastatic cancers. The majority of patients had adenocarcinoma, most of which (60%) arose from the gastrointestinal tract. Ftorafur was given i.v. at doses ranging from 1 to 3 g/sq m/day for 5 days, repeated every 2 to 3 weeks. Gastrointestinal (68%) and neurological (17%) toxicities were the most common side effects encountered in this study and became dose limiting at doses greater than 2 g/sq m/day for 5 days. Myelosuppression (7%) was infrequent. Other toxicities included weakness (20%), chills and fever (8%), and phlebitis (1%). Of 24 evaluable patients, 4 (17%) responded (1 complete and 3 partial remissions). Responses were seen in 1 of 8 carcinomas of the lung, 1 of 5 carcinomas of the stomach, 1 of 3 carcinomas of the colon, and 1 of 1 carcinoma of the jejunum. The duration of response ranged from 4 to 58 weeks. The results of this study resemble somewhat those obtained with the laborious 5-day continuous i.v. infusion of 5-fluorouracil. Daily doses of 2 g/sq m for 5 days, repeated every 3 weeks, produced significant antitumor effect and tolerable toxicity.

8. DOCID:7009 SCORE: 0.00363470612547668
DOCNO: 446976
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: chemically induced
QUALIFIER: chemically induced
QUALIFIER: chemically induced
QUALIFIER: immunology
AUTHOR: M Namba M
AUTHOR: T Yoshimoto T
AUTHOR: T Ogura T
AUTHOR: F Hirao F
AUTHOR: I Azuma I
AUTHOR: Y Yamamura Y
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Gann = Gan.
COUNTRY: JAPAN
TITLE: Effect of Nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton on the induction of lung cancer in ACI/N rats.
PUBDATE: 19790201
Administration of oil-attached Nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton (N. rubra-CWS) was evaluated for the effect of the induction of lung cancers in ACI/N rats. Lung cancers were induced by 15 weekly intratracheal instillations of 3 mg benzo[a]-pyrene with 3 mg ferric oxide. After the 10th instillation of the carcinogen, rats received seven subcutaneous injections of 100 microgram of N. rubra-CWS at 2-week intervals. In the observation period of 56 weeks, the cumulative incidence of lung cancer was 71.4% in the control group and 48.0% in the N. rubra-CWS treated group. The latent period of tumor induction was prolonged in the group treated with N. rubra-CWS.

9. DOCID:7744 SCORE: 0.00354553190242874
DOCNO: 640800
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Bladder Neoplasms
DESCRIPTOR: Neoplasms, Experimental
AUTHOR: J A Heaney JA
AUTHOR: E P Ornellas EP
AUTHOR: J J Daly JJ
AUTHOR: J C Lin JC
AUTHOR: G R Prout GR
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Investigative urology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: In vivo growth of human bladder cancer cell lines.
PUBDATE: 19780301
Two human bladder cancer cell lines grew predictably in rats immunosuppressed with antilymphocyte serum. Intraperitoneal inoculation of tumor cell suspensions resulted in diffuse intraabdominal carcinomatosis with consequent host death after 10 to 20 days. Subcutaneous inoculation of tumor cell suspensions resulted in local tumors which grew exponentially for 20 to 30 days before eventual regression after 40 to 50 days; lung metastases developed in at least 13 per cent of the animals with subcutaneous tumors. The histologic appearance of the xenografted tumors closely resembled that of the original tumors. Subsequent in vitro culture of the xenografted tumors provided cell lines that were morphologically identical to the primary lines and that retained a human karyotype. It is proposed to employ this model of human bladder cancer to evaluate chemotherapeutic agents for possible use in the clinical disease.

10. DOCID:3630 SCORE: 0.00353887687502595
DOCNO: 826649
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: chemically induced
QUALIFIER: chemically induced
AUTHOR: D Medina D
AUTHOR: M R Warner MR
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Mammary tumorigenesis in chemical carcinogen-treated mice. IV. Induction of mammary ductal hyperplasias.
PUBDATE: 19760801
BALB/cCrgl, C57BL/Ki, and (C57BL/Ki X DBAf)F1 mice were treated with 7,12-diemthylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) or urethan to determine conditions that would induce a high frequency of ductal hyperplasias in the mammary gland. Among virgin BALB/c mice treated with either 3.0 or 4.0 mg DMBA, ductal hyperplasias and mammary tumors were present in 50% and 31% of the mice, respectively. These ductal hyperplasias were characterized by intraluminal epithelial hyperplasia and capped by endbud-like structures that appeared abnormal. Hyperplastic alveolar nodules were not seen. Most mammary tumors were adenocarcinomas rather than the adenocanthomas observed in DMBA-treated, pituitary isograft-bearing BALB/c mice. The predominant mammary lesions in urethan-treated, pituitary isograft-bearing C57BL and (C57BL X DBAf)F1 mice were terminal duct (lobular) hyperplasias characterized by intraluminal epithelial hyperplasia; the urethan-induced mammary tumors were a mixture of adenocarcinomas (36%), adenoacanthomas (5%), and fibroadenomas (59%). The induction by chemical carcinogens of intraductal hyperplasias in a relatively high incidence, with associated mammary neoplasms, provides a system for study of the process of tumor progression in lesions similar to suspected high-risk lesions occurring in human breast cancer.

11. DOCID:3752 SCORE: 0.00353840791366247
DOCNO: 926277
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: etiology
QUALIFIER: etiology
QUALIFIER: adverse effects
QUALIFIER: therapy
QUALIFIER: adverse effects
AUTHOR: J M Kaufman JM
AUTHOR: B Fam B
AUTHOR: S C Jacobs SC
AUTHOR: F Gabilondo F
AUTHOR: S Yalla S
AUTHOR: J P Kane JP
AUTHOR: A B Rossier AB
PUBTYPE: Case Reports
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The Journal of urology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Bladder cancer and squamous metaplasia in spinal cord injury patients.
PUBDATE: 19771201
The influence of long-term indwelling urethral catheterization was studied by random bladder and urethral biopsies in 62 spinal cord injury patients. Six patients (10 per cent) had diffuse squamous cell bladder carcinoma, 4 of whom had no tumor visible endoscopically. Five of the patients with cancer were among 25 patients (20 per cent) managed with an indwelling urethral catheter for more than 10 years (average 21 years, range 15 to 30 years). The other cancer patient had been free of the catheter for 27 years after suprapubic cystotomy for 4 years. Gross and microscopic hematuria was associated with cancer. Squamous metaplasia of the bladder was significantly greater in patients who had been catheterized for more than 10 years (80 per cent), compared to those catheterized for less than 10 years (42 per cent) and patients without catheters (20 per cent). Urethral squamous metaplasia increased slightly in long-term catheterization patients. Urinary infection was universal and did not distinguish patients with inflammation, metaplasia or cancer. Therefore, the duration of indwelling catheterization seems to be the major factor in squamous changes in these patients.

12. DOCID:3288 SCORE: 0.00347981561164852
DOCNO: 832917
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Antigen-Antibody Complex
DESCRIPTOR: Immunoglobulin G
QUALIFIER: immunology
AUTHOR: E A Samayoa EA
AUTHOR: F C McDuffie FC
AUTHOR: A M Nelson AM
AUTHOR: V L Go VL
AUTHOR: H S Luthra HS
AUTHOR: H W Brumfield HW
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.
COUNTRY: DENMARK
TITLE: Immunoglobulin complexes in sera of patients with malignancy.
PUBDATE: 19770101
Sera frour 146 patients with malignancy, 59 normal controls and 42 patients hospitalized with non-malignant diseases were examined by a precipitin test with monoclonal rheumatoid factor (mRF) for the presence of circulating immune complexes containing IgG. Forty-two (29%) of the sera from cancer patients but only two of the sera from patients in each of the control groups contained such material. Similar results were obtained with a radioimmunoassay for immune complexes based on the same mRF. Sera from 23 of 65 patients with metastatic malignancy (35%) had elevated levels of immune complexes by this latter test. The presence of the material was not related to the source of malignancy, presence of carcinoembryonic or hepatitis antigens or of such autoantibodies as rheumatoid factor or anti-DNA. By density gradient ultracentrifugation the reacting material was identified as being of molecular size 19s or greater. It has not yet been further characterized with regard to the nature of any antigens present.

13. DOCID:5525 SCORE: 0.00342990597584135
DOCNO: 553095
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: pharmacology
QUALIFIER: drug effects
QUALIFIER: drug effects
QUALIFIER: physiopathology
AUTHOR: F P Smith FP
AUTHOR: D L Kisner DL
AUTHOR: L Widerlite L
AUTHOR: P S Schein PS
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Journal of clinical gastroenterology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Chemotherapeutic alteration of small intestinal morphology and function: a progress report.
PUBDATE: 19790901
Nine patients with malignancy requiring chemotherapy were evaluated before, during, and in the recovery phase of their antineoplastic regimen with selected absorptive studies and jejunal biopsies. Depression of the crypt mitoses occurred without change in the indices of absorption. The mitotic indices returned to pretreatment counts on the recovery phase biopsies. Even after prolonged therapy, restudy in three of the patients failed to demonstrate clinical malabsorption. We conclude that chemotherapy-related malabsorption does not contribute to overall malnutrition of cancer patients during the first months of treatment.

14. DOCID:6681 SCORE: 0.00338007506719821
DOCNO: 520791
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: K W Schweppe KW
AUTHOR: K H Möhlen KH
AUTHOR: F K Beller FK
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde.
COUNTRY: GERMANY, WEST
TITLE: [Carcinoma of the breast and pregnancy (author's transl)]
PUBDATE: 19791201
The prognosis of carcinoma of the breast which was detected during pregnancy or during the breast feeding is discussed. Personal cases are described and the literature is reviewed. The prognosis of carcinoma of the breast following complete treatment is investigated when the prognosis may be influenced by a pregnancy. In contra-distinction to the older view the prognosis is only worsened when the axillary lymph nodes show cancer. Without spread to the axillary lymph nodes there is no difference in the survival rates. In cases with complete treatment for carcinoma of the breast the pregnancy appeared to have a favorable influence on the prognosis. In our own few cases axillary lymph nodes in pregnant women worsened the prognosis more than in non-pregnant women.