0. DOCID:3082 SCORE: 0.0037320523775277
DOCNO: 588853
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
AUTHOR: M L Newhouse ML
AUTHOR: R M Pearson RM
AUTHOR: J M Fullerton JM
AUTHOR: E A Boesen EA
AUTHOR: H S Shannon HS
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: British journal of preventive & social medicine.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: A case control study of carcinoma of the ovary.
PUBDATE: 19770901
There is increased concern over the apparent rise in incidence of patients with carcinoma of the ovary, particularly in older women. In an attempt to identify aetiological factors 300 women with cancer of the ovary diagnosed at laparatomy were studied. A questionnaire was administered to these women (Group A) and to two control groups matched by age. The first control group (Group B) comprised patients in a gynaecological ward and the second (Group C) comprised were shown in the obstetric history of the three groups. Fewer of the women in Group A had married and fewer had ever been pregnant and the family size was smaller. Significantly fewer of them recollected an attack of mumps, measles, or rubella. In all, only 81 of the whole series of 900 had used oral contraceptives, 19 of Group A and 31 in each of the control groups, a statistically significant deficiency. These findings support those of other investigations and suggest lines of further inquiry.

1. DOCID:2813 SCORE: 0.003548268767077
DOCNO: 195503
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: surgery
QUALIFIER: surgery
QUALIFIER: surgery
AUTHOR: J L Sawyers JL
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The American surgeon.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Current management of carcinoma of the anus and perianus.
PUBDATE: 19770701
Malignant lesions of the anus and perianus account for 2.4% of malignant cancers of the colon, rectum, and anus. Based on our experience with 56 patients as well as a review of the recent literature, the following recommendations are made: Bowen's disease, Paget's extramammary disease, basal cell, and perianal epidermoid carcinomas arise in the perianus, rarely metastasize, and may be managed by wide local excision. Cloacogenic transitional cell (basaloid squamous carcinoma) and the more common epidermoid anal canal tumors require abdominoperineal resection with wide perineal excision. Therapeutic groin dissection is indicated if the inguinal nodes are or become the site of metastases, but prophylactic groin dissection is not indicated. The five-year survival for epidermoid carcinoma of anus treated by abdominoperineal resection ranges from 40 to 58%. Improvement in survival rate will require early recognition by the patient and early diagnosis and treatment by the physician. Delay in diagnosis occurs because cancer is not considered frequently enough as a possible cause for the patient's symptoms.

2. DOCID:3847 SCORE: 0.00351100137556236
DOCNO: 870998
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: therapy
AUTHOR: J C Weed JC
AUTHOR: J B Holland JB
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Surgery, gynecology & obstetrics.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Combined irradiation and extensive operations in the treatment of stages I and II carcinoma of the cervix uteri.
PUBDATE: 19770601
Since 1947, carcinoma of the cervix uteri, Stage I, has been treated at the Ochsner Clinic with intracavitary irradiation and a radical hysterectomy--Wertheim type--and pelvic node dissection. If metastasis to the lymph node is demonstrated, external irradiation is administered postoperatively. Carcinoma of the cervix uteri, Stage II, has been treated with intracavitary radium and external radiation, followed by the same surgical procedure. All patients were treated surgically, except those with medical conditions precluding extensive operation. Five and ten year survival rates for Stage I cancer were 81.5 and 68.7 per cent, respectively; for Stage II, these rates were 64.5 per cent and 54.0 per cent, respectively. There were moderate complications from the combined therapy, with a ureteral fistula rate of 1.9 per cent. Although the combined use of irradiation and operation for carcinoma of the cervix uteri has been looked upon in this country with disfavor because of poor healing and complications, we have not found this to be so. With improvement of both radiation therapy and surgical management, these patients can be offered treatment based upon sound physiologic principles and can live in freedom from fear of recurrence in later years. The outlook is good for continued improvement in the complication rate, surgical technique and possibly, chemotherapy.

3. DOCID:3877 SCORE: 0.00337170579316868
DOCNO: 1001864
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: analysis
QUALIFIER: blood
AUTHOR: S Onizawa S
AUTHOR: S Watanabe S
AUTHOR: T Yagura T
AUTHOR: M Yasutomi M
AUTHOR: Y Yamamura Y
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Gann = Gan.
COUNTRY: JAPAN
TITLE: Radioimmunoassay of carcinoembryonic antigen and clinical significance of its level in plasma.
PUBDATE: 19760601
The level of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the plasma was measured in 258 patients, consisting of 198 patients with various cancers and 60 with various non-malignant diseases. As the normal control, the plasma CEA level was examined in 330 apparently healthy individuals and the value was 3.1 +/- 1.1 ng/ml on the average. If the level higher than 4.2 ng/ml could be assumed to be above the normal, 109 out of 198 (55%) patients with malignant diseases were considered to show abnormally elevated CEA values. Based on the above criterion, the CEA titer was abnormally elevated only in 11 out of 60 cases (18%) without cancers. Among cancerous patients, the ones with carcinomas of the digestive tract and the lung exhibited a positive titer of CEA higher than 10.1 ng/ml. When the relationship between the plasma CEA level and histological findings in patients with lung cancer was examined, cases with the adenocarcinoma had more elevated titers than those with any other types of lung cancer. It was also found, by the serial estimation of plasma CEA, that the titer dropped after a successful therapy but elevated again with the recurrence of cancer. Repeated estimation of Cea is thought to be valuable as an indicator for clinical phases of cancer patients.

4. DOCID:2891 SCORE: 0.00262508759865255
DOCNO: 870301
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
AUTHOR: B Henningsen B
AUTHOR: H Amberger H
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
COUNTRY: GERMANY, WEST
TITLE: [Anti-oestrogen treatment of metastasising carcinoma of the breast (author's transl)]
PUBDATE: 19770501
Within a period of four years 35 patients with metastatic breast cancer were treated with tamoxifen. One third had objective remissions, average duration of complete remission being 30.6 months and of partial remission 13.7 months. Mean survival time from start of tamoxifen treatment in five patients with complete remission was 30.6 months while in seven with partial remission it was 20.4 months. Nine patients with unresponsive metastases had a mean survival time of 24.3 months, the remaining 14 patients who deteriorated surviving for 11.7 months. Ten of the 12 patients who responded well were over 60 years old. Lymph-node and lung or pleural metastases were significantly reduced by treatment in four of eight and six of 15 cases, respectively. Satisfactory regression of bony metastases was never seen. Because of this, combined tamoxifen (10 mg twice daily) and methandrostenolone (1 mg twice daily) was given to an additional five patients, with one of them responding. Side effects included thrombocytopenia and hypercalcaemia.

5. DOCID:3769 SCORE: 0.0024718551987636
DOCNO: 955744
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: therapy
AUTHOR: A S Morrison AS
AUTHOR: C R Lowe CR
AUTHOR: B MacMahon B
AUTHOR: B Ravnihar B
AUTHOR: S Yuasa S
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.
COUNTRY: DENMARK
TITLE: Some international differences in treatment and survival in breast cancer.
PUBDATE: 19760901
In a recent study, 5-year survival rates for breast cancer patients in Boston (Massachusetts), Glamorgan (Wales), Slovenia (Yugoslavia) and Tokyo (Japan) were 57.3%, 49.5%, 41.9% and 74.9%, respectively. In this report, data are presented on the types of treatment used in the four areas and on the relationship of differences in treatment practices to the differences in survival rates. Generally, surgically treated patients who also had radiotherapy had lower survival rates than patients in the same area who had similar operations without radiotherapy. In each area, the survival rate was higher for patients who had radical mastectomy than for those who had simple mastectomy. The Japanese patients had the highest survival rate within nearly every treatment and extent-treatment category. Thus, the high survival rate of these patients was not explained by the variables considered. Survival differences between Boston, Glamorgan and Slovenia were largely explained by differences in extent of disease and type of treatment. As the nature of the treatment--survival trends was consistent with the interpretation that treatment tended to be selected according to apparent prognosis, the degree to which treatment customs were determinants of the differences in survival rate among the three areas is uncertain.

6. DOCID:2446 SCORE: 0.00244606086449927
DOCNO: 1101918
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: pathology
AUTHOR: J A Van Unnik JA
AUTHOR: K Breur K
AUTHOR: J M Burgers JM
AUTHOR: F Cleton F
AUTHOR: A A Hart AA
AUTHOR: W F Kroese WF
AUTHOR: R Somers R
AUTHOR: J M Van Turnhout JM
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: British journal of cancer.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Non-Hodgkin's lymphomata: clinical features in relation to histology.
PUBDATE: 19750301
An analysis is given of the clinico-pathological correlations of non-Hodgkin's lymphomata in 332 patients referred to the Netherlands Cancer Institute in Amsterdam and the Rotterdam Radiotherapy Institute. Clinical staging proved to be an important prognostic index. In Stage I the 5 year survival was 55%, in Stage II 25% and in Stages III and IV less than 10%. The presence of follicular structures in non-Hodgkin's lymphomata has similarly an important prognostic significance especially in Stage I and II. In lymphocytic lymphomata a larger cell size is correlated with less favourable prognosis. The presence of macrophages in non-Hodgkin's lymphomata is found in patients with short survival. The histiocytic lymphomata have a different survival pattern from the lymphocytic lymphomata in Stages I and II.

7. DOCID:2132 SCORE: 0.00231148207705201
DOCNO: 588124
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: surgery
QUALIFIER: surgery
QUALIFIER: methods
AUTHOR: D E Feldman DE
AUTHOR: E L Applebaum EL
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Archives of otolaryngology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: The submandibular triangle in radical neck dissection.
PUBDATE: 19771201
Various modifications of the standard radical neck dissection operation have been advocated since its original description. An ideal operation would offer maximum cure rates with minimal cosmetic and functional disturbance. The validity of removing the submandibular triangle contents as part of radical neck dissection was studied by analyzing the involvement of this region by metastatic squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Only three of the 51 neck-dissection specimens that were examined contained metastases to submandibular triangle lymph nodes. The primary sites were nose, floor of mouth, and retromolar trigone. None of the 26 laryngeal tumors in this series had spread to the submandibular triangle. In the absence of palpable submandibular or upper, deep cervical lymph nodes, the contents of the submandibular triangle can probably be left undisturbed in radical neck dissections for laryngeal cancer.

8. DOCID:3531 SCORE: 0.0022254906904701
DOCNO: 61341
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Parity
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
QUALIFIER: urine
AUTHOR: P Cole P
AUTHOR: B MacMahon B
AUTHOR: J B Brown JB
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Lancet.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Oestrogen profiles of parous and nulliparous women.
PUBDATE: 19760901
Women who bear their first child at an early age have lower breast-cancer incidence-rates than do women who are older at first birth or who remain nulliparous. The urine "oestriol ratio", the concentration of oestriol relative to the sum of the concentrations of oestrone and oestradiol, is inversely related to a population's breast-cancer rate. To evaluate the relationship between these two breast-cancer risk indicators the urine oestriol ratio was determined for recently delivered uniparous women aged 19-23, 25-27, and 29-34 years and nulliparous women of comparable ages. In the follicular phase, the youngest parous women had an oestriol ratio 40% higher than, and significantly different from, the ratios of all other groups which were otherwise quite similar. In the luteal phase, the oestriol ratio of the youngest parous women was again distinctively raised and generally the oestriol ratios of parous women were higher than those of nulliparae. The results are not explained by differing frequencies of ovulation among the groups or by confounding from several breast-cancer risk indicators. These findings support the hypothesis that oestrogen metabolism, as reflected by the urine oestriol ratio, is a determinant of breast-cancer risk.

9. DOCID:3246 SCORE: 0.00217103841729151
DOCNO: 129626
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: complications
QUALIFIER: complications
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: H J Scholtz HJ
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Laryngologie, Rhinologie, Otologie.
COUNTRY: GERMANY, WEST
TITLE: [Problems of intracranial extension of malignant disease of the nose and sinuses (author's transl)]
PUBDATE: 19750701
Out of 424 cancers of the nasal cavities or sinuses seen at the University E.N.T. Clinic Jena, 120 had penetrated into the anterior or middle cranial fossa. The commonest of these were tumours of the upper sinuses but a fifth of all antral tumours were also involved. The favourite site of intracranial breakthrough was studied in relation to the origin of the tumour and a particular liability of antral cancers to extend to the middle cranial fossa was noted. Critical analysis of the preoperative diagnostic features showed that the extent of the tumour relative to the base of the skull was often only demonstrated by a wide external surgical exposure. Operative and electrosurgical exenteration after Zange followed by radium application to the infiltrated dura resulted in over 17% of the operated patients surviving 5 years or more without recurrences. Irradiation alone was unsuccessful in all cases. In recent years resection of the tumour has been followed by excision of the infiltrated segment of the dura and the defect covered with fascia lata. First impressions and several examples are given.

10. DOCID:3850 SCORE: 0.00198013821979122
DOCNO: 1071432
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: radiation effects
AUTHOR: A Mizuno A
AUTHOR: M Shimizu M
AUTHOR: T Ueno T
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The Bulletin of Tokyo Medical and Dental University.
COUNTRY: JAPAN
TITLE: Histopathologic and roentgenologic studies on the effects of irradiation on the human mandibles.
PUBDATE: 19760901
The present study deals with the pathologic change of the mandible following radiation therapy for oral cancer, histopathologically and roentgenologically. The results are summarized as follows: 1) As the resorptive change of the cortex and the trabeculae, irregular and bizarre resorption and enlargement of the lacunae were observed, 2) The grade of injury of the osteocytes was described by the percentage of the number of the lacunae, which were empty and in which the nuclei of the osteocytes could not be seen. Consequently these results correspond considerably well with the clinical aspects. 3) Osteophytes in the spongy and compact bone were observed, and also narrowing and plugging of the Haversian canal and the canal of Volkmann with mineral were seen as the sclerotic change. 4) Thickening of the tunica intima, obstruction, disarrangement of the elastic fibers and distruption of the vessels were observed in the inferior alveolar artery, the arterioles, and also occlusion, which gave various appearances, in the vessels within the Haversian canal and the canal of Volkmann was seen. 5) The following four groups, based upon the radiographic change, were classified as: Group I, irregular osteolytic change; Group II, marked osteosclerotic change; Group III, irregular mixture of osteolytic and osteosclerotic change; and Group IV, no remarkable change.

11. DOCID:3590 SCORE: 0.00192595513581795
DOCNO: 833012
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: analysis
QUALIFIER: analysis
QUALIFIER: analysis
AUTHOR: M Ohyumi M
AUTHOR: S Takano S
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Histochemistry.
COUNTRY: GERMANY, WEST
TITLE: Intranuclear synthesized and native glycogen particles in human gastric cancer: ultrastructure and histochemistry.
PUBDATE: 19770101
Ultrastructural and histochemical studies on human gastric cancer cells disclosed the presence of native and synthesized glycogen particles. The glycogen particles were investigated in the histochemical synthesis of glycogen particles from glucose 1-phosphate by the phosphorylase-branching glycosyltransferase system and non-incubated native glycogen in human gastric adenocarcinoma tubulare. It was observed that focal synthesis localized inthe intracytoplasmic matrix and intranucleus. Intranuclear synthesized glycogen appeared as a rosette form ranging from 1100 to 1300 A in diameter and free particles ranging from 325 to 900 A in diagmeter. The synthesis of glycogen appeared in the nucleus as well as in the cytoplasm of the human gastric cancer cells, and the synthesized glycogen was observed as a group of particles. Newly formed glycogen particles appeared occasionally in the interchromatin area as a large macromolecular structure of rosette form. Native glycogen appeared as a free-particle (250-333 A, medium =300 A) and aggregated rosette from (694-1050 A, medium=917 A) in the autophagosome of gastric cancer cells. There was not, however, a native glycogen particle in the nuclei of gastric cancer cells. Under certain conditons the nuclei of gastric cancer cells can acquire the capacity to synthesize glycogen.

12. DOCID:3793 SCORE: 0.0019140546278683
DOCNO: 808267
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Infection Control
QUALIFIER: complications
AUTHOR: A S Levine AS
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Support systems for the patient with cancer: future prospects.
PUBDATE: 19750801
Bleeding and infection are the usual proximate causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with hematologic malignancy and many solid tumors. The most important cause of bleeding is thrombocytopenia. The use of immunologically matched platelets has rendered this complication less frequent. Host defenses against infection are often compromised unavoidably as a function of the primary disease and its therapy. However, it is important to note that many infections are caused by hospital-acquired organisms; a significant number of infections can be avoided with meticulous attention to possible breaches of the host barriers against invasion. Diagnosis and treatment of infection in the altered host are urgent and demanding, since the median survival with inappropriate therapy of bacterial sepsis is less than 3 days. Newer diagnostic techniques, such as the gallium scan, are helpful, as are antimicrobial combinations used empirically. Experimental approaches to the prevention of infection include antibacterial vaccines, the use of laminar air-flow isolation, and transplantation of bone marrow. Experimental approaches to the therapy of infection include leukocyte transfusion and the use of transfer factor. A discussion of supportive care must also include consideration of the psychosocial concomitants of the cancer process, particularly those factors in the doctor-patient relationship which promote anxiety in the physician to the end that his support of the patient is not effective.

13. DOCID:2258 SCORE: 0.00191358288190804
DOCNO: 12258757
OWNER: PIP
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Patient Acceptance of Health Care
DESCRIPTOR: Population Control
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: IPPF/WHR news service. International Planned Parenthood Federation. Western Hemisphere Region.
COUNTRY: United States
TITLE: Data on Costa Rica's National Family Planning Program.
PUBDATE: 19751201
For the 1st time data on Costa Rica's family planning program have been published. 16% of all women between the ages of 15 and 49 participated, one of the highest rates in Latin America. More married women than single women participated. Peak participation was among women 20-34 years of age; 25% of this age group plans her family. 34.9% have 1 or 2 children, indicating a strong desire to limit fertility. Educated women have higher participation rates but the directors are making an effort to extend the program to rural areas and low-income groups. It is concluded that the program has attracted women whose reproductive behavior influences the fertility rate greatly, that it has influenced women to use the most effective contraceptive methods, and that it has contributed to general health though the cancer screening aspect.

14. DOCID:2761 SCORE: 0.00190929856170525
DOCNO: 565703
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: poisoning
QUALIFIER: drug effects
QUALIFIER: chemically induced
QUALIFIER: chemically induced
AUTHOR: P F Infante PF
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Environmental health perspectives.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Mutagenic and carcinogenic risks associated with halogenated olefins.
PUBDATE: 19771201
Recent experimental evidence indicates that structural analogs of vinyl chloride namely, vinylidene chloride and trichloroethylene, are mutagenic. Carcinogenic response also has been observed in experimental animals following exposure to vinylidene chloride, trichloroethylene, and perchloroethylene. More recent observations demonstrate low-level vinyl chloride-induced mammary carcinoma. An additional chlorinated olefin, chloroprene, has demonstrated a mutagenic response in several test systems. Likewise, several studies have indicated significant excesses of chromosomal aberrations as well as adverse effects on reproductive function following male exposure to chloroprene. Although reports have indicated an increased incidence of lung and skin cancer among workers occupationally exposed to chloroprene, adequately designed studies have not been carried out which would allow the development of valid inferences regarding its carcinogenicity. The question facing the scientific community and society is whether observations in subhuman species are adequate to institute prudent public health practice by controlling these agents as carcinogens or mutagens or whether, once again, epidemiologic enumeration of the toll will be required.