0. DOCID:10874 SCORE: 0.00453019950641536
DOCNO: 6236973
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: pathology
QUALIFIER: physiopathology
AUTHOR: P M Pour PM
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
PUBTYPE: Review
JOURNALTITLE: Environmental health perspectives.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Histogenesis of exocrine pancreatic cancer in the hamster model.
PUBDATE: 19840601
There is strong evidence that induced pancreatic adenomas and carcinomas derive from ductal and ductular cells in the pancreas. We base our beliefs on our knowledge of the embryology and histology of the pancreas in Syrian golden hamsters, along with the sequential alterations that occur during exocrine pancreatic tumor formation. This concept also has been supported by much experimental evidence, including autoradiographic, immunologic and in vitro studies. We also present other viewpoints on the origin of pancreatic cancer histogenesis and outline certain areas of disagreement. We report the development of acinar cell lesions under certain experimental dietary conditions in hamsters (the lesions resemble those commonly seen in the rat pancreatic tumor model) and the nature of these lesions.


1. DOCID:14649 SCORE: 0.00436451504395416
DOCNO: 3563506
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: classification
QUALIFIER: chemically induced
AUTHOR: B N Ames BN
AUTHOR: R Magaw R
AUTHOR: L S Gold LS
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Science.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Ranking possible carcinogenic hazards.
PUBDATE: 19870401
This review discusses reasons why animal cancer tests cannot be used to predict absolute human risks. Such tests, however, may be used to indicate that some chemicals might be of greater concern than others. Possible hazards to humans from a variety of rodent carcinogens are ranked by an index that relates the potency of each carcinogen in rodents to the exposure in humans. This ranking suggests that carcinogenic hazards from current levels of pesticide residues or water pollution are likely to be of minimal concern relative to the background levels of natural substances, though one cannot say whether these natural exposures are likely to be of major or minor importance.


2. DOCID:11670 SCORE: 0.00388987399444542
DOCNO: 3856058
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: immunology
QUALIFIER: immunology
QUALIFIER: adverse effects
AUTHOR: W L Morison WL
AUTHOR: S P Kelley SP
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Sunlight suppressing rejection of 280- to 320-nm UV-radiation-induced skin tumors in mice.
PUBDATE: 19850201
Repeated exposure of female C3H/HeNCR- mice to sunlight prevented the normal immunologic rejection of a UV-induced tumor. This systemic immunologic alteration was transferred to syngeneic lethally X-irradiated animals with lymphoid cells from mice exposed to sunlight. The lymphoid cells also were able to suppress the capacity of lymphoid cells from normal animals to reject a UV-induced tumor. The 295- to 320-nm wave band appeared to be responsible for this immunosuppressive effect of sunlight because suppression was prevented by filtration of the radiation through Mylar and by application of a sunscreen containing para-aminobenzoic acid. These observations may have importance in understanding the pathogenesis of sunlight-induced skin cancer in humans.


3. DOCID:7889 SCORE: 0.00383330784435466
DOCNO: 6112486
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Enzyme Tests
QUALIFIER: enzymology
QUALIFIER: analysis
QUALIFIER: analysis
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: K Rogers K
AUTHOR: G M Roberts GM
AUTHOR: G T Williams GT
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Lancet.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Gastric-juice enzymes--an aid in the diagnosis of gastric cancer?
PUBDATE: 19810501
Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and beta-glucuronidase concentrations were measured in the resting gastric juice of 113 patients presenting with dyspepsia. All patients were investigated by double-contrast barium meal, endoscopy with biopsy, and, when appropriate, by laparotomy. In all patients tested there was a positive correlation between LDH and beta-glucuronidase concentrations. An index derived from the two enzyme activities correctly predicted the presence of gastric carcinoma in 41 out of 42 cases, and identified the only 2 cases of early gastric cancer in the series. There were 13 (11.5%) false-positive results, all in cases with extensive intestinal metaplasia, a change which may be associated with an increased risk of gastric malignancy. The measurement of gastric-juice enzymes is useful in the diagnosis of gastric cancer and may be of value in the identification of high-risk groups. The test is easily performed, inexpensive, and reproducible.


4. DOCID:3082 SCORE: 0.0037320523775277
DOCNO: 588853
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
AUTHOR: M L Newhouse ML
AUTHOR: R M Pearson RM
AUTHOR: J M Fullerton JM
AUTHOR: E A Boesen EA
AUTHOR: H S Shannon HS
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: British journal of preventive & social medicine.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: A case control study of carcinoma of the ovary.
PUBDATE: 19770901
There is increased concern over the apparent rise in incidence of patients with carcinoma of the ovary, particularly in older women. In an attempt to identify aetiological factors 300 women with cancer of the ovary diagnosed at laparatomy were studied. A questionnaire was administered to these women (Group A) and to two control groups matched by age. The first control group (Group B) comprised patients in a gynaecological ward and the second (Group C) comprised were shown in the obstetric history of the three groups. Fewer of the women in Group A had married and fewer had ever been pregnant and the family size was smaller. Significantly fewer of them recollected an attack of mumps, measles, or rubella. In all, only 81 of the whole series of 900 had used oral contraceptives, 19 of Group A and 31 in each of the control groups, a statistically significant deficiency. These findings support those of other investigations and suggest lines of further inquiry.


5. DOCID:15220 SCORE: 0.00364490001804306
DOCNO: 3466679
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Polymorphism, Genetic
DESCRIPTOR: Y Chromosome
QUALIFIER: genetics
QUALIFIER: genetics
AUTHOR: R S Verma RS
AUTHOR: S Thomas S
AUTHOR: M Coleman M
AUTHOR: R T Silver RT
AUTHOR: H Dosik H
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer genetics and cytogenetics.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Length polymorphisms of the human Y chromosome in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia.
PUBDATE: 19870201
The extent of length heteromorphisms of the human Y chromosomes was measured in 50 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia and was compared with 50 normal controls. No significant difference (p greater than 0.05) in the size of the Y chromosome was noted between these two groups. These findings differ from an earlier investigation, where a longer heterochromatic segment of Y chromosome was noted in malignant tumors and it was stressed that constitutive heterochromatin plays a role in susceptibility of cancer. Present investigation, however, suggests that this is not the case in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia.


6. DOCID:2813 SCORE: 0.003548268767077
DOCNO: 195503
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: surgery
QUALIFIER: surgery
QUALIFIER: surgery
AUTHOR: J L Sawyers JL
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The American surgeon.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Current management of carcinoma of the anus and perianus.
PUBDATE: 19770701
Malignant lesions of the anus and perianus account for 2.4% of malignant cancers of the colon, rectum, and anus. Based on our experience with 56 patients as well as a review of the recent literature, the following recommendations are made: Bowen's disease, Paget's extramammary disease, basal cell, and perianal epidermoid carcinomas arise in the perianus, rarely metastasize, and may be managed by wide local excision. Cloacogenic transitional cell (basaloid squamous carcinoma) and the more common epidermoid anal canal tumors require abdominoperineal resection with wide perineal excision. Therapeutic groin dissection is indicated if the inguinal nodes are or become the site of metastases, but prophylactic groin dissection is not indicated. The five-year survival for epidermoid carcinoma of anus treated by abdominoperineal resection ranges from 40 to 58%. Improvement in survival rate will require early recognition by the patient and early diagnosis and treatment by the physician. Delay in diagnosis occurs because cancer is not considered frequently enough as a possible cause for the patient's symptoms.


7. DOCID:9980 SCORE: 0.00354356948289623
DOCNO: 4054702
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
AUTHOR: P E Coode PE
AUTHOR: K W Chan KW
AUTHOR: Y T Chan YT
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Gut.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Polyps and diverticula of the large intestine: a necropsy survey in Hong Kong.
PUBDATE: 19851001
The study is based on a prospective survey of 200 necropsies, to determine the prevalence of colonic polyps and diverticula in Hong Kong. Adenomatous polyps were found in 34% of men and 19% of women. The corresponding figures for hyperplastic polyps were 22% and 15%. When compared with European countries having similar rates for colorectal cancer, the polyp pattern by type, prevalence, and distribution is very similar. For diverticula the prevalence rate in this study was only 5%; most of these were situated in the caecum. This is at marked variance to the European pattern.


8. DOCID:7572 SCORE: 0.0035272259323798
DOCNO: 7004629
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
QUALIFIER: metabolism
AUTHOR: B A Samal BA
AUTHOR: S C Brooks SC
AUTHOR: G Cummings G
AUTHOR: L Franco L
AUTHOR: E A Hire EA
AUTHOR: S Martino S
AUTHOR: A Singhakowinta A
AUTHOR: V K Vaitkevicius VK
PUBTYPE: Clinical Trial
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Estrogen receptors and responsiveness of advanced breast cancer to chemotherapy.
PUBDATE: 19801201
We reviewed 89 patients with disseminated breast cancer who had at least one valid estrogen receptor (ER) assay and who underwent one or several trials of chemotherapy. The responses were assessed by two independent extramural reviewers. Of the 89 patients, 81 were evaluable; 28 of 36 (77.8) ER-positive (ER+) and 28 of 45 (60.7%) ER-negative (ER-) tumors reached at least one remission. Of patients who had received Adriamycin-containing therapy, 13/20 (65%) ER+ and 12/34 (35.3%) ER-tumors experienced a remission . ER+ breast cancer tends to respond better to Adriamycin-containing combinations than ER-negative tumors. This study does not support the thesis that lack of estrogen receptor in breast cancer predicts favorable for response to chemotherapy.


9. DOCID:3847 SCORE: 0.00351100137556236
DOCNO: 870998
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: therapy
AUTHOR: J C Weed JC
AUTHOR: J B Holland JB
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Surgery, gynecology & obstetrics.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Combined irradiation and extensive operations in the treatment of stages I and II carcinoma of the cervix uteri.
PUBDATE: 19770601
Since 1947, carcinoma of the cervix uteri, Stage I, has been treated at the Ochsner Clinic with intracavitary irradiation and a radical hysterectomy--Wertheim type--and pelvic node dissection. If metastasis to the lymph node is demonstrated, external irradiation is administered postoperatively. Carcinoma of the cervix uteri, Stage II, has been treated with intracavitary radium and external radiation, followed by the same surgical procedure. All patients were treated surgically, except those with medical conditions precluding extensive operation. Five and ten year survival rates for Stage I cancer were 81.5 and 68.7 per cent, respectively; for Stage II, these rates were 64.5 per cent and 54.0 per cent, respectively. There were moderate complications from the combined therapy, with a ureteral fistula rate of 1.9 per cent. Although the combined use of irradiation and operation for carcinoma of the cervix uteri has been looked upon in this country with disfavor because of poor healing and complications, we have not found this to be so. With improvement of both radiation therapy and surgical management, these patients can be offered treatment based upon sound physiologic principles and can live in freedom from fear of recurrence in later years. The outlook is good for continued improvement in the complication rate, surgical technique and possibly, chemotherapy.


10. DOCID:13304 SCORE: 0.00339006321519636
DOCNO: 3732910
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: mortality
QUALIFIER: mortality
AUTHOR: A Tiitinen A
AUTHOR: M Forss M
AUTHOR: I Aho I
AUTHOR: E Vesterinen E
AUTHOR: U Nieminen U
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Gynecologic oncology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Endometrial adenocarcinoma: clinical outcome in 881 patients and analysis of 146 patients whose deaths were due to endometrial cancer.
PUBDATE: 19860901
Throughout 1970-1975, 881 patients were treated at Departments I and II of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital. They were treated mainly by using surgery and/or radiotherapy combined with adjuvant progestin therapy. The over-all uncorrected 5-year survival rate was 72.2% and corrected rate was 82.1%. In 146 out of 245 cases death was due to endometrial cancer, and this group was analyzed separately.


11. DOCID:3877 SCORE: 0.00337170579316868
DOCNO: 1001864
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: analysis
QUALIFIER: blood
AUTHOR: S Onizawa S
AUTHOR: S Watanabe S
AUTHOR: T Yagura T
AUTHOR: M Yasutomi M
AUTHOR: Y Yamamura Y
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Gann = Gan.
COUNTRY: JAPAN
TITLE: Radioimmunoassay of carcinoembryonic antigen and clinical significance of its level in plasma.
PUBDATE: 19760601
The level of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the plasma was measured in 258 patients, consisting of 198 patients with various cancers and 60 with various non-malignant diseases. As the normal control, the plasma CEA level was examined in 330 apparently healthy individuals and the value was 3.1 +/- 1.1 ng/ml on the average. If the level higher than 4.2 ng/ml could be assumed to be above the normal, 109 out of 198 (55%) patients with malignant diseases were considered to show abnormally elevated CEA values. Based on the above criterion, the CEA titer was abnormally elevated only in 11 out of 60 cases (18%) without cancers. Among cancerous patients, the ones with carcinomas of the digestive tract and the lung exhibited a positive titer of CEA higher than 10.1 ng/ml. When the relationship between the plasma CEA level and histological findings in patients with lung cancer was examined, cases with the adenocarcinoma had more elevated titers than those with any other types of lung cancer. It was also found, by the serial estimation of plasma CEA, that the titer dropped after a successful therapy but elevated again with the recurrence of cancer. Repeated estimation of Cea is thought to be valuable as an indicator for clinical phases of cancer patients.


12. DOCID:10850 SCORE: 0.00332332606863271
DOCNO: 6373246
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Health Policy
QUALIFIER: classification
QUALIFIER: classification
QUALIFIER: prevention & control
AUTHOR: F P Perera FP
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
PUBTYPE: Review
JOURNALTITLE: Environmental research.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: The genotoxic/epigenetic distinction: relevance to cancer policy.
PUBDATE: 19840601
Should federal agencies use separate, less stringent guidelines for regulating epigenetic or nongenotoxic carcinogens on the assumption that thresholds are likely to exist for these agents? This article reviews recent initiatives by the Environmental Protection Agency that either propose or informally adopt this approach in light of responses from the scientific community and a review of the recent literature. Relevant background is provided by current research concerning the role of chromosomal damage and oncogene activation in carcinogenesis along with findings that classical promoters or "epigenetic" agents can induce both DNA damage and chromosomal rearrangements. The conclusion is that such a revision of cancer policy is not now supported by available scientific data concerning chemical carcinogenesis.


13. DOCID:10794 SCORE: 0.00332332554798974
DOCNO: 4061372
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
AUTHOR: K J Pandya KJ
AUTHOR: F M Muggia FM
AUTHOR: R T Skeel RT
AUTHOR: G Falkson G
AUTHOR: B M Kaplan BM
AUTHOR: D S Ettinger DS
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: American journal of clinical oncology : the official publication of the American Radium Society.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: A phase II study of bisantrene in advanced refractory breast cancer. An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group pilot study.
PUBDATE: 19851001
Thirty patients with advanced refractory breast cancer received bisantrene 260 mg/m2 intravenously every 3 weeks. Reversible myelosuppression was the most commonly observed side effect. Four patients (13.3%) achieved objective partial response (90% confidence intervals 3-24%), while two patients (6.6%) had disease improvement with a PR + IMP rate of 19.9%. Seven additional patients (23.3%) had stabilization of disease. This drug has antitumor activity against breast cancer and warrants further study, particularly if problems with drug delivery are overcome.


14. DOCID:15945 SCORE: 0.0032197917563151
DOCNO: 2571865
AUTHOR: W J Hrushesky WJ
AUTHOR: A Z Bluming AZ
AUTHOR: S A Gruber SA
AUTHOR: R B Sothern RB
AFFILIATION: Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College of Union University, New York.
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Lancet.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Menstrual influence on surgical cure of breast cancer.
PUBDATE: 19891001
In a retrospective study of 44 premenopausal women who underwent resection of a primary breast cancer and were followed for 5 to 12 years, disease recurrence and metastasis were more frequent and more rapid in women who had been operated upon during the perimenstrual period (days 0-6 and 21-36 of the menstrual cycle). By multivariate analysis, the time of resection in relation to the menstrual cycle is an independent predictor of the likelihood of future metastatic disease. Patients who underwent resection during the perimenstrual period had a more than quadrupled risk of recurrence and death compared with women operated upon during days 7 to 20 of the menstrual cycle.