0. DOCID:3031 SCORE: 0.00333153458444358
DOCNO: 194494
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: surgery
QUALIFIER: surgery
QUALIFIER: surgery
QUALIFIER: surgery
AUTHOR: T G Frazier TG
AUTHOR: E M Copeland EM
AUTHOR: H S Gallager HS
AUTHOR: D D Paulus DD
AUTHOR: E C White EC
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: American journal of surgery.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Prognosis and treatment in minimal breast cancer.
PUBDATE: 19770601
Of 176 patients with minimal breast cancer, 138 had intraductal carcinoma in situ, 21 minimally invasive carcinoma, and 17 lobular carcinoma in situ. Various modalities of treatment were used including radical, modified radical, and simple mastectomy with and without radiation therapy. Long-term postoperative follow-up was available in all but five patients and ranged from one year to twenty-one years. Actuarial analysis projected a twenty year survival of 93.2 per cent for the entire group. Analysis of survival figures based on each of the several treatment modalities showed no definite advantage of one form of treatment over another. The data suggest that minimal breast cancer is a prognostically favorable diagnosis, provided invasive carcinoma is not present or does not develop in the opposite breast. It is also indicated that breast cancer is potentially a bilateral disease and that follow-up and treatment of the opposite breast must be of major concern in the care of these patients.


1. DOCID:3654 SCORE: 0.00319488651783894
DOCNO: 1255802
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: etiology
QUALIFIER: adverse effects
AUTHOR: J Casagrande J
AUTHOR: V Gerkins V
AUTHOR: B E Henderson BE
AUTHOR: T Mack T
AUTHOR: M C Pike MC
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Exogenous estrogens and breast cancer in women with natural menopause.
PUBDATE: 19760401
/AbstractText:


2. DOCID:3578 SCORE: 0.00313294580268666
DOCNO: 184557
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: therapy
QUALIFIER: therapy
QUALIFIER: surgery
QUALIFIER: therapy
AUTHOR: J P Minton JP
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Surgery.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Precise selection of breast cancer patients with bone metastasis for endocrine ablation.
PUBDATE: 19761001
To enhance the precision of selection of breast cancer patients with bone metastasis for endocrine ablation, 85 patients underwent a Levodopa test for 4 consecutives days. Assessment of the result of the test was made on the basis of thorough clinical evaluation, x-ray examination, and results of serum and skin tests as well as cancer receptor studies when tissue was available. Results of 23 surgical procedures were as follows: bilateral oophorectomy elicited good clinical response in five patients with positive preoperative Levodopa tests; one negative clinical response followed a negative Levodopa test; bilateral adrenaloophorectomy in nine patients elicited good response in seven who had positive Levodopa tests and negative responses in two patients who had negative Levodopa tests; bilateral adrenalectomy in eight patients elicited good response in five patients with positive Levodopa tests and negative responses in three who had negative Levodopa tests. There were no deaths and there was only one complication after operation. Levodopa testing appears to be an effective means for selection of patients with bone pain from recurrent breast cancer who will benefit from endocrine ablation. When the Levodopa test was negative for bone pain relief, endocrine ablation was of no benefit to the patient.


3. DOCID:3655 SCORE: 0.00300131222755286
DOCNO: 53505
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Mammography
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: J Chamberlain J
AUTHOR: P Rogers P
AUTHOR: J L Price JL
AUTHOR: S Ginks S
AUTHOR: B E Nathan BE
AUTHOR: I Burn I
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Lancet.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Validity of clinical examination and mammography as screening tests for breast cancer.
PUBDATE: 19751101
This study is aiming to determine the validity and observer variability of clinical examination and mammography as screening tests for breast cancer. Women over the age of forty are given two independent clinical examinations of the breasts, and mammograms are taken and read independently by two radiologists. This paper presents the results of screening the first 1215 women to be enrolled in the study. At their first screening attendance, 231 women (19%) were referred for surgical opinion, 119 (9-8%) underwent biopsy, and cancer was diagnosed in 17 (1-4%). 2 further cancers were diagnosed in the ensuing six months among women who had been negative on initial screening, representing a false-negative rate of 2 out of 19 (11%). Clinical examination resulted in 189 referrals (15-6%), 90 biopsies (7-4%), and detected 11 cancers; corresponding figures for mammography were 76 referrals (6-3%), 55 biopsies ((4-5%), and 14 cancers. Observer variability was greater for clinical examination than for mammography. These early results suggest that as a screening test mammography compares favourably with clinical examination, but both tests are necessary if many false negatives are to be avoided.


4. DOCID:2548 SCORE: 0.0028457025878522
DOCNO: 1248005
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: metabolism
QUALIFIER: enzymology
QUALIFIER: pathology
QUALIFIER: enzymology
AUTHOR: J A Kellen JA
AUTHOR: R S Bush RS
AUTHOR: A Malkin A
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer research.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Placenta-like alkaline phosphatase in gynecological cancers.
PUBDATE: 19760101
In 302 patients with tumors of the cervix, corpus uteri, and ovaries, assessment by clinical staging (tumors-nodules-metastasis system) (4) and histopathology has been related to the presence of serum heat-stable, placenta-lide alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) activity. Early stages of cervical tumors show the highest incidence of this isoenzyme. In advanced stages of this disease, a decrease in frequency was observed that might be interpreted as the result of gradual dedifferentiation of the tumor cells to a point where synthesis of PLAP became undetectable. The same observation was made in adenocarcinomas of the corpus uteri, i.e., patients with advanced disease tended to have the lowest incidence of serum PLAP. Only in cancers of the ovaries did we find a positive correlation between this enzyme marker and the extent of the disease. In more than one-third of the patients examined, PLAP levels were an index of the tumor burden.


5. DOCID:3934 SCORE: 0.00279180150100501
DOCNO: 199064
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
AUTHOR: D Henson D
AUTHOR: R Tarone R
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: An epidemiologic study of cancer of the cervix, vagina, and vulva based on the Third National Cancer Survey in the United States.
PUBDATE: 19771101
Cases of invasive and in situ carcinoma of the lower female genital tract as reported in the Third National Cancer Survey in the United States were analyzed according to age, race, and geographic distribution. Results indicate that the incidence rates of in situ and invasive carcinoma of the cervix were greater in black than in white women, with a relative risk rate for black women of approximately two for both types of cervical carcinoma. For white women, the age-specific rates for invasive carcinoma of the cervix remained relatively constant after age 45, while for black women the age-specific rates for invasive carcinoma continued to increase after age 45. For both races, the patterns of age-specific incidence rates for in situ and invasive carcinoma of the cervix were not similar to those for carcinoma of the vagina or vulva. The pattern of age-specific incidence rates of adenocarcinoma of the cervix did not resemble those for in situ or invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. The rates for adenocarcinoma of the cervix demonstrated patterns similar to those for intraductal carcinoma of the breast. Results of the study are discussed in relationship to the field theory of carcinogenesis as developed for the lower female genital tract.


6. DOCID:3386 SCORE: 0.00275689899211239
DOCNO: 1150349
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Smoking
QUALIFIER: mortality
AUTHOR: O M Jensen OM
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.
COUNTRY: DENMARK
TITLE: Lung cancer and smoking in Danish women.
PUBDATE: 19750601
In most developed countries, including Denmark, cancer of the lung is the most frequent malignant disease among men, whereas the problem is less among women. Examination of Danish mortality data for the period 1931 to 1972 reveals a 5-fold increase in female rates as opposed to a 16-fold increase in male rates. Since about 1960 female rates have, however, increased faster than male rates with a consequent decline in the male-famale ratio. It is demonstrated that more recent female birth-cohorts have higher mortality rates than the older ones. The increasing mortality from lung cancer among more recent female cohorts is shown to parallel increasing proportions of smokers in these cohorts. Further data are presented to indicate that not only is smoking more widespread among young than among old women, but the proportion of cigarette smokers among all smokers falls from 98% in the youngest to 33% in the oldest agegroup. No causal relationship between smoking and lung cancer can be claimed from the evidence presented. The present findings are, however, what would be expected if cigarette-smoking were an aetiological factor in female lung cancer.


7. DOCID:3223 SCORE: 0.0027401299382372
DOCNO: 57100
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Lymphocyte Activation
QUALIFIER: analogs & derivatives
QUALIFIER: pharmacology
QUALIFIER: pharmacology
AUTHOR: J W Hadden JW
AUTHOR: E M Hadden EM
AUTHOR: R G Coffey RG
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Infection and immunity.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Isoprinosine augmentation of phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte proliferation.
PUBDATE: 19760201
The need for agents designed to modify immune response in the treatment of patients with viral infection, immunodeficiency, or cancer prompted the present study on the mechanisms of action of isoprinosine, a compound developed for antiviral use and whose therapeutic activity may involve the immune system. The effect of isoprinosine on in vitro proliferation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and on lymphocyte levels of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate was analyzed. Over a concentration range from 0.2 to 250 mug/ml, isoprinosine augmented PHA-induced proliferation; maximal stimulation was observed between 25 to 50 mug/ml. Isoprinosine in the absence of PHA had no effect on proliferation. The relative lack of effect of isoprinosine during a 90-min exposure and the lack of effect on lymphocyte cyclic nucleotide levels indicate that isoprinosine potentiates the PHA response by a mechanism different than a number of hormonal agents and such immunopotentiators as levamisole, polyadenylic-acid, and endotoxin. Further evaluation of isoprinosine as an immunopotentiator is indicated.


8. DOCID:2474 SCORE: 0.00254718170399397
DOCNO: 174853
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Lymphocyte Activation
QUALIFIER: immunology
QUALIFIER: immunology
QUALIFIER: immunology
AUTHOR: A S Coates AS
AUTHOR: P R Carnegie PR
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Clinical and experimental immunology.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Immunological cross-reactivity between basic proteins of myelin and cancer. I. Lymphocyte transformation studies in immunized guinea-pigs.
PUBDATE: 19751001
The studies described were designed to examine the question of cross-reactivity between basic protein of myelin and a basic protein common to many human tumours. The lymphocytes from guinea-pigs injected with acid extracts of human cancer tissue showed significant (P less than 0-01) tranformation on exposure to basic protein of human myelin. Conversely lymphocytes from guinea-pigs injected with basic protein of human myelin showed significant (P less than 0-01) transformation on exposure to the acid extracts of human cancer tissue. Lymphocytes from control non-injected guinea-pigs did not transform on exposure to either antigen. These findings demonstrate immunological cross-reactivity in guinea-pigs between basic proteins of human myelin and of human cancer tissue using an assay system other than the macrophage electrophoretic migration hitherto used to show this effect in man.


9. DOCID:2532 SCORE: 0.00250240184742147
DOCNO: 1115122
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Vaginal Smears
QUALIFIER: radiotherapy
AUTHOR: M T McLennan MT
AUTHOR: C E McLennan CE
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Significance of cervicovaginal cytology after radiation therapy for cervical carcinoma.
PUBDATE: 19750101
During follow-up examinations; 1,338 cervicovaginal cytologic smears were obtained from 254 women who had irradiation therapy for cervical cancer. These specimens were meticulously searched for the various cellular phenomena that may characterize such preparations, and some of the findings were subjectively quantitated. Correlations were made with histopathologic diagnoses, clinical findings, and results of treatment. Patients with malignant postradiation cells who were promptly treated for latent new or recurrent tumors generally responded well to treatment of the secondary tumor. The presence of malignant cells at any time after completion of therapy is an ominous sign, irrespective of the clinical status, and should lead to intensive effort to identify the site of a new or persisting lesion. The significance of dysplasia in postradiation smears is not entirely clear, and in certain instances it is difficult to distinguish severely dysplastic cells from either repair cells or malignant cells.


10. DOCID:1176 SCORE: 0.00238226572296741
DOCNO: 407964
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: mortality
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
AUTHOR: K Hancock K
AUTHOR: B G Peet BG
AUTHOR: J J Price JJ
AUTHOR: G W Watson GW
AUTHOR: J Stone J
AUTHOR: R L Turner RL
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The British journal of surgery.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Ten-year survival rates in breast cancer using combination chemotherapy.
PUBDATE: 19770201
The outcome in 254 patients with all stages of breast cancer treated by combination chemotherapy is presented. All the patients were treated 10 or more years ago. The 10-year survival rate for Stages I and II combined is 60 per cent, in Stage III 19 per cent and in Stage IV 3 per cent. The combined rate in Stages I and II differed markedly according to hormonal status. In premenopausal patients the rate was 84 per cent compared with 42 per cent in postmenopausal patients.


11. DOCID:3139 SCORE: 0.00238137008590895
DOCNO: 178472
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: immunology
QUALIFIER: analysis
QUALIFIER: immunology
QUALIFIER: immunology
QUALIFIER: immunology
AUTHOR: A P Forbes AP
AUTHOR: J R Lake JR
AUTHOR: K J Bloch KJ
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Clinical and experimental immunology.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Circulating antibody to renal collecting ducts in patients with hepatoma or renal-cell carcinoma.
PUBDATE: 19751201
An anti-kidney antibody was demonstrated by the indirect immunofluorescence method in the serum of patients with primary tumours of the liver or kidney. The distribution of fluorescence in rabbit kidney was consistent with that of antibody to collecting ducts. The anti-collecting duct antibody (anti-CDA) could be absorbed from serum by normal adult rabbit or human kidney tissue and by one of three specimens of renal-cell carcinoma tissue. Anti-CDA differed from anti-mitochondrial antibodies and from anti-liver/kidney microsomal antibody in the pattern of fluorescent staining obtained with rabbit kidney. Two-hundred sera from patients with cancer and other diseases and forty-three from healthy hospital personnel were tested for anti-CDA. Eleven of the twenty-five positive sera were from patients with primary cancer of the liver or urinary tract, and all but six of the remainder were from patients with tumours involving the liver or with liver disorders that may be associated with nodular hyperplasia or tumour.


12. DOCID:2992 SCORE: 0.00237110471978368
DOCNO: 177870
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: adverse effects
QUALIFIER: chemically induced
AUTHOR: T M Mack TM
AUTHOR: M C Pike MC
AUTHOR: B E Henderson BE
AUTHOR: R I Pfeffer RI
AUTHOR: V R Gerkins VR
AUTHOR: M Arthur M
AUTHOR: S E Brown SE
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The New England journal of medicine.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Estrogens and endometrial cancer in a retirement community.
PUBDATE: 19760601
All cases of endometrial cancer occurring among the residents of an affluent retirement community were compared with controls chosen from a roster of all women in the same community. Evidence of estrogen and other drug use and of selected medical conditions was obtained from three sources: medical records of the principal care facility, interviews, and the records of the local pharmacy. The risk ratio for any estrogen use was estimated from all available evidence to be 8.0 (95 per cent confidence interval, 3.5 to 18.1). and the for conjugated estrogen use to be 5.6 (95 per cent confidence interval, 2.8 to 11.1). Increased risk from estrogens was shown for invasive as well as noninvasive cancer, and a dose-response effect was demonstrated. For an estrogen user, the risk from endometrial cancer appeared to exceed by far the base-line risk from any other single cancer.


13. DOCID:2509 SCORE: 0.00235218470485655
DOCNO: 858132
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
AUTHOR: R Sealy R
AUTHOR: M Levy M
AUTHOR: E McCabe E
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: The prediction of tumor regression in human squamous carcinoma by means of the potential tumor doubling time.
PUBDATE: 19770501
Thirty-three patients with locally advanced epidermoid cancer of the mouth were investigated by means of the potential tumor doubling time prior to each of four weekly infusions of methotrexate. The agent used to induce metaphase arrest was vincristine sulphate 2 mg intravenous push and the methotrexate was given in a dose of 100 mg/M2 body surface. In twenty-one patients the investigation was completed. It was found that in those patients where the P.T.D.T. was maintained at its original level there was a greater than 50% reduction in the size of the lesion, whereas when the P.T.D.T. became greatly prolonged there was no such reduction. It is suggested that the P.T.D.T. provides a simple same day method of evaluating one parameter in the cell kinetics of accessible tumors and that this information can be used to individualize chemotherapy schedules.


14. DOCID:3482 SCORE: 0.00234248271849792
DOCNO: 1020376
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: H Berndt H
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Zeitschrift für die gesamte innere Medizin und ihre Grenzgebiete.
COUNTRY: GERMANY, EAST
TITLE: [General problems in the diagnosis of cancer]
PUBDATE: 19761001
Cancer distingishes itself from other chronic diseases in internal medicine by the chance of complete and constant cure in "early" recognition and treatment. The well-timed diagnosis, therefore, is decisive for the fate of the patient. This increases the responsibility of the internist. Early recongnitionof the cancer by well planned medical check-up meets with close boundaries and is nowadays only justified for malignant tumours of the cervix uteri, the mammary gland, the stomach and the lung. The dispensary care of risk groups favours the higher quality of the work of the physician, but is not able to reduce decisively the problem. The dispensary care has important functions in the field of health education and thus also aims at the primary prevention. Quick and relevant diagnostics in complaints is at present and in near future the most important way to the recognition of cancer in the curable stage. Careful general examination of the body and aimed questioning after danger signals independent of the reason of the consultation may improve the situation. Apart from the recognition of the cancer the disribution diagnostics and the judgment of the general resistance to stress are responsible tasks of the internist.