0. DOCID:7464 SCORE: 0.00353871750905741
DOCNO: 7189169
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Liver Circulation
QUALIFIER: physiopathology
AUTHOR: T Kashiwagi T
AUTHOR: K Kimura K
AUTHOR: T Suematsu T
AUTHOR: M Shichiri M
AUTHOR: T Kamada T
AUTHOR: H Abe H
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Gut.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Dynamic studies on portal haemodynamics by scintiphotosplenoportography: flow patterns of portal circulation.
PUBDATE: 19800101
Scintiphotosplenoportography (SSP) was performed in 190 instances in 161 patients. No significant complications, such as severe pain or splenic haemorrhage, were encountered in any of the patients studied. Flow patterns of SSP were classified into nine groups according to the direction of collateral flow. Hepatopetal collateral flow was frequently observed in pancreatic cancer. In portal hypertension, cephalic collateral flow was more frequently observed than caudal flow. In detecting oesophageal varices, both SSP and endoscopy were performed in 81 patients. In four out of 46 patients with cephalic flow, oesophageal varices could not be observed by endoscopy. Conversely, in three out of 44 patients with oesophageal varices, SSP failed to show cephalic flow. The combined use of SSP and endoscopy would therefore provide more useful information in the management of patients with portal hypertension.


1. DOCID:3031 SCORE: 0.00333153458444358
DOCNO: 194494
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: surgery
QUALIFIER: surgery
QUALIFIER: surgery
QUALIFIER: surgery
AUTHOR: T G Frazier TG
AUTHOR: E M Copeland EM
AUTHOR: H S Gallager HS
AUTHOR: D D Paulus DD
AUTHOR: E C White EC
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: American journal of surgery.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Prognosis and treatment in minimal breast cancer.
PUBDATE: 19770601
Of 176 patients with minimal breast cancer, 138 had intraductal carcinoma in situ, 21 minimally invasive carcinoma, and 17 lobular carcinoma in situ. Various modalities of treatment were used including radical, modified radical, and simple mastectomy with and without radiation therapy. Long-term postoperative follow-up was available in all but five patients and ranged from one year to twenty-one years. Actuarial analysis projected a twenty year survival of 93.2 per cent for the entire group. Analysis of survival figures based on each of the several treatment modalities showed no definite advantage of one form of treatment over another. The data suggest that minimal breast cancer is a prognostically favorable diagnosis, provided invasive carcinoma is not present or does not develop in the opposite breast. It is also indicated that breast cancer is potentially a bilateral disease and that follow-up and treatment of the opposite breast must be of major concern in the care of these patients.


2. DOCID:3654 SCORE: 0.00319488651783894
DOCNO: 1255802
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: etiology
QUALIFIER: adverse effects
AUTHOR: J Casagrande J
AUTHOR: V Gerkins V
AUTHOR: B E Henderson BE
AUTHOR: T Mack T
AUTHOR: M C Pike MC
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Exogenous estrogens and breast cancer in women with natural menopause.
PUBDATE: 19760401
/AbstractText:


3. DOCID:3578 SCORE: 0.00313294580268666
DOCNO: 184557
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: therapy
QUALIFIER: therapy
QUALIFIER: surgery
QUALIFIER: therapy
AUTHOR: J P Minton JP
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Surgery.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Precise selection of breast cancer patients with bone metastasis for endocrine ablation.
PUBDATE: 19761001
To enhance the precision of selection of breast cancer patients with bone metastasis for endocrine ablation, 85 patients underwent a Levodopa test for 4 consecutives days. Assessment of the result of the test was made on the basis of thorough clinical evaluation, x-ray examination, and results of serum and skin tests as well as cancer receptor studies when tissue was available. Results of 23 surgical procedures were as follows: bilateral oophorectomy elicited good clinical response in five patients with positive preoperative Levodopa tests; one negative clinical response followed a negative Levodopa test; bilateral adrenaloophorectomy in nine patients elicited good response in seven who had positive Levodopa tests and negative responses in two patients who had negative Levodopa tests; bilateral adrenalectomy in eight patients elicited good response in five patients with positive Levodopa tests and negative responses in three who had negative Levodopa tests. There were no deaths and there was only one complication after operation. Levodopa testing appears to be an effective means for selection of patients with bone pain from recurrent breast cancer who will benefit from endocrine ablation. When the Levodopa test was negative for bone pain relief, endocrine ablation was of no benefit to the patient.


4. DOCID:3655 SCORE: 0.00300131222755286
DOCNO: 53505
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Mammography
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: J Chamberlain J
AUTHOR: P Rogers P
AUTHOR: J L Price JL
AUTHOR: S Ginks S
AUTHOR: B E Nathan BE
AUTHOR: I Burn I
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Lancet.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Validity of clinical examination and mammography as screening tests for breast cancer.
PUBDATE: 19751101
This study is aiming to determine the validity and observer variability of clinical examination and mammography as screening tests for breast cancer. Women over the age of forty are given two independent clinical examinations of the breasts, and mammograms are taken and read independently by two radiologists. This paper presents the results of screening the first 1215 women to be enrolled in the study. At their first screening attendance, 231 women (19%) were referred for surgical opinion, 119 (9-8%) underwent biopsy, and cancer was diagnosed in 17 (1-4%). 2 further cancers were diagnosed in the ensuing six months among women who had been negative on initial screening, representing a false-negative rate of 2 out of 19 (11%). Clinical examination resulted in 189 referrals (15-6%), 90 biopsies (7-4%), and detected 11 cancers; corresponding figures for mammography were 76 referrals (6-3%), 55 biopsies ((4-5%), and 14 cancers. Observer variability was greater for clinical examination than for mammography. These early results suggest that as a screening test mammography compares favourably with clinical examination, but both tests are necessary if many false negatives are to be avoided.


5. DOCID:2548 SCORE: 0.0028457025878522
DOCNO: 1248005
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: metabolism
QUALIFIER: enzymology
QUALIFIER: pathology
QUALIFIER: enzymology
AUTHOR: J A Kellen JA
AUTHOR: R S Bush RS
AUTHOR: A Malkin A
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer research.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Placenta-like alkaline phosphatase in gynecological cancers.
PUBDATE: 19760101
In 302 patients with tumors of the cervix, corpus uteri, and ovaries, assessment by clinical staging (tumors-nodules-metastasis system) (4) and histopathology has been related to the presence of serum heat-stable, placenta-lide alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) activity. Early stages of cervical tumors show the highest incidence of this isoenzyme. In advanced stages of this disease, a decrease in frequency was observed that might be interpreted as the result of gradual dedifferentiation of the tumor cells to a point where synthesis of PLAP became undetectable. The same observation was made in adenocarcinomas of the corpus uteri, i.e., patients with advanced disease tended to have the lowest incidence of serum PLAP. Only in cancers of the ovaries did we find a positive correlation between this enzyme marker and the extent of the disease. In more than one-third of the patients examined, PLAP levels were an index of the tumor burden.


6. DOCID:3934 SCORE: 0.00279180150100501
DOCNO: 199064
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
AUTHOR: D Henson D
AUTHOR: R Tarone R
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: An epidemiologic study of cancer of the cervix, vagina, and vulva based on the Third National Cancer Survey in the United States.
PUBDATE: 19771101
Cases of invasive and in situ carcinoma of the lower female genital tract as reported in the Third National Cancer Survey in the United States were analyzed according to age, race, and geographic distribution. Results indicate that the incidence rates of in situ and invasive carcinoma of the cervix were greater in black than in white women, with a relative risk rate for black women of approximately two for both types of cervical carcinoma. For white women, the age-specific rates for invasive carcinoma of the cervix remained relatively constant after age 45, while for black women the age-specific rates for invasive carcinoma continued to increase after age 45. For both races, the patterns of age-specific incidence rates for in situ and invasive carcinoma of the cervix were not similar to those for carcinoma of the vagina or vulva. The pattern of age-specific incidence rates of adenocarcinoma of the cervix did not resemble those for in situ or invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. The rates for adenocarcinoma of the cervix demonstrated patterns similar to those for intraductal carcinoma of the breast. Results of the study are discussed in relationship to the field theory of carcinogenesis as developed for the lower female genital tract.


7. DOCID:3386 SCORE: 0.00275689899211239
DOCNO: 1150349
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Smoking
QUALIFIER: mortality
AUTHOR: O M Jensen OM
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.
COUNTRY: DENMARK
TITLE: Lung cancer and smoking in Danish women.
PUBDATE: 19750601
In most developed countries, including Denmark, cancer of the lung is the most frequent malignant disease among men, whereas the problem is less among women. Examination of Danish mortality data for the period 1931 to 1972 reveals a 5-fold increase in female rates as opposed to a 16-fold increase in male rates. Since about 1960 female rates have, however, increased faster than male rates with a consequent decline in the male-famale ratio. It is demonstrated that more recent female birth-cohorts have higher mortality rates than the older ones. The increasing mortality from lung cancer among more recent female cohorts is shown to parallel increasing proportions of smokers in these cohorts. Further data are presented to indicate that not only is smoking more widespread among young than among old women, but the proportion of cigarette smokers among all smokers falls from 98% in the youngest to 33% in the oldest agegroup. No causal relationship between smoking and lung cancer can be claimed from the evidence presented. The present findings are, however, what would be expected if cigarette-smoking were an aetiological factor in female lung cancer.


8. DOCID:3223 SCORE: 0.0027401299382372
DOCNO: 57100
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Lymphocyte Activation
QUALIFIER: analogs & derivatives
QUALIFIER: pharmacology
QUALIFIER: pharmacology
AUTHOR: J W Hadden JW
AUTHOR: E M Hadden EM
AUTHOR: R G Coffey RG
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Infection and immunity.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Isoprinosine augmentation of phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte proliferation.
PUBDATE: 19760201
The need for agents designed to modify immune response in the treatment of patients with viral infection, immunodeficiency, or cancer prompted the present study on the mechanisms of action of isoprinosine, a compound developed for antiviral use and whose therapeutic activity may involve the immune system. The effect of isoprinosine on in vitro proliferation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and on lymphocyte levels of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate was analyzed. Over a concentration range from 0.2 to 250 mug/ml, isoprinosine augmented PHA-induced proliferation; maximal stimulation was observed between 25 to 50 mug/ml. Isoprinosine in the absence of PHA had no effect on proliferation. The relative lack of effect of isoprinosine during a 90-min exposure and the lack of effect on lymphocyte cyclic nucleotide levels indicate that isoprinosine potentiates the PHA response by a mechanism different than a number of hormonal agents and such immunopotentiators as levamisole, polyadenylic-acid, and endotoxin. Further evaluation of isoprinosine as an immunopotentiator is indicated.


9. DOCID:6026 SCORE: 0.00267879997412829
DOCNO: 474706
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: pathology
QUALIFIER: pathology
AUTHOR: C Bordi C
AUTHOR: M Ravazzola M
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The American journal of pathology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Endocrine cells in the intestinal metaplasia of gastric mucosa.
PUBDATE: 19790801
Sections of gastric mucosa removed during surgery for cancer or peptic ulcer and containing regions of intestinal metaplasia were studied by the immunofluorescence technique using several antiserums against intestinal hormones. Endocrine cells such as cells containing somatostatin, glicentin (gut GLI-I), motilin, and probably cholecystokinin were found within metaplastic intestinal epithelium while secretin and neurotensin, which are present in the normal intestinal mucosa, were not detected in metaplastic epithelium. The endocrine-cell population present in the intestinal metaplasia resembles that found in the cryptal region of the normal small intestine, a finding in accordance with the fact that intestinal metaplasia of gastric mucosa usually reproduces structural and histochemical characteristics of small intestinal crypts.


10. DOCID:6813 SCORE: 0.00263424481350676
DOCNO: 218328
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: pathology
QUALIFIER: pathology
AUTHOR: E Migliori E
AUTHOR: S Sani S
AUTHOR: F Squartini F
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Tumori.
COUNTRY: ITALY
TITLE: Possible histologic markers for early and late stages of breast cancer.
PUBDATE: 19781001
The degree of productive fibrosis, amount of lymphoid infiltrate and nuclear grade have been studied in 492 consecutive cases of duct-infiltrating breast cancer. It has been found that highly significant relationships exist between these morphologic parameters of breast cancer: lymphoid infiltrate is directly related to nuclear anaplasia and antagonized by productive fibrosis; conversely, productive fibrosis is inversely related to nuclear anaplasia and antagonized by lymphoid infiltrate. Significant inverse relationships between productive fibrosis and lymphoid infiltrate persist in tumors that have the same nuclear grade. It is suggested that lymphoid infiltrate and productive fibrosis are suitable candidates as morphologic markers to estimate the age of breast cancer, while the nuclear grade is a suitable tool to identify subgroups with different behaviour in the NOS (not otherwise specified) category of breast cancer.


11. DOCID:6229 SCORE: 0.00256025205041906
DOCNO: 7237367
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: etiology
AUTHOR: A B Miller AB
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Breast Cancer.
PUBDATE: 19810301
The pre-eminence of breast cancer as a significant cause of premature mortality and as the most prevalent cancer of women in North America justifies a major thrust in prevention. In the past, a number of hormonal risk factors were identified. Increasingly, evidence is being obtained to support the role of dietary risk factors and most particularly the total level of dietary fat. Overweight as a risk factor in postmenopausal women also points to the importance of dietary factors. It is concluded that the time is ripe for an active program of evaluating the effect of reduction in the consumption of total fat, particularly in adolescent, early adult and premenopausal women, and in reducing overweight in postmenopausal women, both as aspects of national policy and as special investigations in defined population groups.


12. DOCID:5088 SCORE: 0.00255222175032333
DOCNO: 376118
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Hyperthermia, Induced
QUALIFIER: administration & dosage
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: therapy
AUTHOR: C D Kowal CD
AUTHOR: J R Bertino JR
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
PUBTYPE: Review
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer research.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Possible benefits of hyperthermia to chemotherapy.
PUBDATE: 19790601
The advantages of hyperthermia for chemotherapy are discussed in detail. These advantages are (a) synergy with chemotherapeutic drugs and also with ionizing radiation, (b) low host toxicity, (c) ease of control (heating precisions in the range of +/- 0.1 degrees C and specific definable localized areas), and (d) low resistance (chemotherapeutic resistance and hyperthermic resistance). The potential for hyperthermia and chemotherapy in the treatment of specific human cancers, both disseminated and solid tumors, are discussed with respect to current therapy and the possible benefit of hyperthermia treatment.


13. DOCID:2474 SCORE: 0.00254718170399397
DOCNO: 174853
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Lymphocyte Activation
QUALIFIER: immunology
QUALIFIER: immunology
QUALIFIER: immunology
AUTHOR: A S Coates AS
AUTHOR: P R Carnegie PR
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Clinical and experimental immunology.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Immunological cross-reactivity between basic proteins of myelin and cancer. I. Lymphocyte transformation studies in immunized guinea-pigs.
PUBDATE: 19751001
The studies described were designed to examine the question of cross-reactivity between basic protein of myelin and a basic protein common to many human tumours. The lymphocytes from guinea-pigs injected with acid extracts of human cancer tissue showed significant (P less than 0-01) tranformation on exposure to basic protein of human myelin. Conversely lymphocytes from guinea-pigs injected with basic protein of human myelin showed significant (P less than 0-01) transformation on exposure to the acid extracts of human cancer tissue. Lymphocytes from control non-injected guinea-pigs did not transform on exposure to either antigen. These findings demonstrate immunological cross-reactivity in guinea-pigs between basic proteins of human myelin and of human cancer tissue using an assay system other than the macrophage electrophoretic migration hitherto used to show this effect in man.


14. DOCID:7364 SCORE: 0.00250531278158371
DOCNO: 529047
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: chemical synthesis
QUALIFIER: chemical synthesis
QUALIFIER: chemical synthesis
AUTHOR: G R Pettit GR
AUTHOR: D P Gieschen DP
AUTHOR: W E Pettit WE
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Journal of pharmaceutical sciences.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Antineoplastic agents LXIV: 1,4-Bis(2'-chloroethyl)-1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane dihydrogen dimaleate.
PUBDATE: 19791201
The 1,4-bis(2'-chloroethyl)-1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane dication (II) exhibits remarkable antineoplastic activity. Detailed evaluation of several dianion derivatives showed a curative response level against the murine P-388 lymphocytic leukemia, colon 26, CD8F1 mammary, and the Walker 256 carcinosarcoma (rat) tumor systems. In addition, significant cancer chemotherapeutic activity was found against the murine L-1210 lymphoid leukemia, colon 38, and B16 melanocarcinoma tumor systems. The bicyclo dication (II) first was isolated, evaluated, and stored as the diperchlorate derivative (IIa). Because of the promising anticancer activity of IIa, procedures were developed for obtaining other anion derivatives for comparative biological purposes. Several naturally occurring substances were evaluated, and the dihydrogen dimaleate derivative (IIi) obtained by an ion-exchange technique was the most suitable.