0. DOCID:7343 SCORE: 0.00726736526493298
DOCNO: 7289916
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Models, Genetic
QUALIFIER: genetics
AUTHOR: P R Fain PR
AUTHOR: H T Lynch HT
AUTHOR: W A Albano WA
AUTHOR: T A Ruma TA
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Medical hypotheses.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Sex differences in lung cancer incidence: a genetic model.
PUBDATE: 19810801
Family histories pertaining to cancer of all anatomic sites were ascertained on 88 Caucasian patients (61 males, 27 females) with histologically verified lung cancer. Lifetable analysis revealed that relatives of female probands had a significantly higher risk for cancer (all sites) at younger age (p less than .04) compared to relatives of male probands. This trend was peculiar to nonsmoking-associated cancer sites, and was not apparent for smoking-associated cancer sites. We hypothesize that certain components of genetic liability to lung cancer are common to nonsmoking-associated malignant neoplasms, and that females who develop lung cancer are more extreme with respect to genotype than are males who develop lung cancer. Our hypothesis accounts for the lower incidence of lung cancer among females, as well as the apparent increased susceptibility to cancer among their relatives.


1. DOCID:3191 SCORE: 0.0061678835705766
DOCNO: 169989
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: complications
QUALIFIER: complications
QUALIFIER: complications
AUTHOR: T Nakashima T
AUTHOR: K Okuda K
AUTHOR: M Kojiro M
AUTHOR: K Sakamoto K
AUTHOR: Y Kubo Y
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Primary liver cancer coincident with Schistosomiasis japonica. A study of 24 necropsies.
PUBDATE: 19751001
The etiologic relationship of parasitic liver disease to primary liver cancer has long been debated. For this reason, a review of 4611 necropsies was carried out to determine the frequency with which hepatocellular carcinoma occurred in association with schistosomiasis. Of 227 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, 24 (10.6%) were associated with schistosomiasis japonica. This was significantly higher than the incidence of this carcinoma without schistosomiasis (2.78%). The majority of the 24 cases exhibited the features of a mixed macronodular and micronodular cirrhosis (Gall's posthepatitic cirrhosis); this was super-imposed upon and caused a masking of schistosomiasis fibrosis. By radioimmunoassay hepatitis B antigen was positive in 27% of these cases. A review of the literature indicated that chronic schistosomiasis, on its own, is unlikely to be the cause of primary liver cell carcinoma. Histologic features resembling post-hepatitic cirrhosis combined with a high frequency of hepatitis B antigen suggest that viral hepatitis rather than S. japonicum is the more likely etiologic factor involved, or has a synergistic effect on carcinogenesis.


2. DOCID:7404 SCORE: 0.0055685549083676
DOCNO: 7245351
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: G Cardona G
AUTHOR: S Ciatto S
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Tumori.
COUNTRY: ITALY
TITLE: Criteria of clinical and radiological diagnosis in nonpuerperal acute phlogistic-like processes of the breast: considerations on 97 consecutive cases.
PUBDATE: 19810201
The authors report a series of 97 cases of phlogistic-like process of the breast. Clinical and radiological signs and criteria of differential diagnosis between benign phlogosis and cancer are investigated. The location in the areolar/periareolar region, the presence of fever, and the radiological evidence of limited skin thickening were the features more significantly correlated with benign phlogosis, while cancer should be suspected in the case of lesions located in the upper-outer quadrant and in presence of a diffuse skin thickening at radiological examination. These diagnostic criteria seem particularly useful since the typical clinical or radiological signs of cancer are present only in 50% of cancer cases. The cytological examination of nipple discharge or needle aspiration fluid is of particular help: no false positive or negative cases were observed in a series of 42 examined patients.


3. DOCID:3868 SCORE: 0.00554960590539212
DOCNO: 877854
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Pancreatic Ducts
QUALIFIER: secretion
QUALIFIER: secretion
QUALIFIER: physiopathology
AUTHOR: H A Reber HA
AUTHOR: F E Johnson FE
AUTHOR: C Montgomery C
AUTHOR: W R Carl WR
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Surgery.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Pancreatic secretion in hamsters with pancreatic cancer.
PUBDATE: 19770701
Pancreatic secretory abnormalities develop in most persons with pancreatic cancer and have been attributed to ductal obstruction. These experiments investigated whether abnormal secretion results instead from carcinogen-induced changes in the secreting cells. Fifty male Syrian Golden hamsters (40 to 100 grams) received weekly injections of di-isopropyl-nitrosamine (250 mg/kg, subcutaneously), and survivors and age-matched controls were studied after 3.5 to 6.5 months of treatment. Pancreatic secretion was stimulated by secretin or cholecystokinin (2 units/kg, intravenously, as a bolus). After each stimulus four 15-minute collections of pancreatic juice were analyzed for HCO3- and Cl- or total protein, amylase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin. The organs were examined histologically. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma developed in 30% of the animals at 5 months, 56% at 5.5 months, and 100% at 6.5 months. The animals without cancer either had hyperplasia of the duct epithelium or were histologically normal. The histologic appearance of acinar tissue and protein secretion were normal in all groups. The tumors did not obstruct the major ducts. In all treated animals the pancreatic secretory response to secretin was of low volume, low maximal [HCO3-] and HCO3- output, and low [Cl- + HCO3-]; these changes progressed with time. The secretory abnormalities antedated the appearance of the neoplasms and were not caused by obstruction.


4. DOCID:2926 SCORE: 0.00483874837723853
DOCNO: 1228259
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Lymph Node Excision
DESCRIPTOR: Mastectomy
QUALIFIER: surgery
AUTHOR: K Esato K
AUTHOR: R Kaku R
AUTHOR: R Yamaki R
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The Japanese journal of surgery.
COUNTRY: JAPAN
TITLE: Reevaluation of parasternal lymph node dissection in the treatment of mammary cancer.
PUBDATE: 19750901
One hundred and forty one patients with mammary cancer underwent the extended radical mastectomy with parasternal lymph nodes dissection between January, 1966 and December, 1974. From the basis of the present report involvement of parasternaly lymph node chain was evaluated retrospectively with respect to the stage, location, size, histological type of cancer, metastasis to axillary and subclavicular lymph nodes, and the five-year survival rate. The parasternal as well as subclavicular and axillary lymph node involvements were not found in non-infiltrating cancer. The more the stage of cancer advanced, the more frequently the parasternal lymph nodes were involved regardless of the location of cancer in the breast. The parasternal lymph node chain alone was rarely involved, but frequently affected along with the axillary lymph nodes. When the parasternal lymph nodes were involved, the five-year survival rate was extremely poor, even after their surgical removal. Subsequently, addition of parasternal lymph node dissection does not seem to be beneficial.


5. DOCID:7499 SCORE: 0.00436765232056081
DOCNO: 435624
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Mammary Glands, Animal
QUALIFIER: veterinary
AUTHOR: A E Khaĭsman AE
AUTHOR: I P Tereschenko IP
AUTHOR: A S Iagubov AS
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Biulleten' eksperimental'noĭ biologii i meditsiny.
COUNTRY: USSR
TITLE: [Relation of the ultrastructural organization of mouse mammary gland cancer to its ability to metastasize]
PUBDATE: 19790401
A quantitative ultrastructural investigation of cancer in mice mammary glands and of its metastases to the lungs was carried out. It was established that in tumors showing no metastatic spreading in experiment the area of membrane surface of the endoplasmic reticulum and the number of bound ribosomes are greater than those in tumor spreading metastases. At the same time the number of ribosomes organized into polysomes is higher in the metastasized tumors. The comparison of the tumors with their metastases revealed differences in the structure of the mitochondrial apparatus: the surface area of cristae is larger in the metastatic foci. The evidence obtained shows that tumors spreading metastases have a lower level of cellular differentiation. The primary and metastatic foci do not exhibit any difference in the level of differentiation.


6. DOCID:7447 SCORE: 0.00436764968983077
DOCNO: 7212797
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Colonic Neoplasms
DESCRIPTOR: Enzyme Tests
DESCRIPTOR: Rectal Neoplasms
QUALIFIER: blood
QUALIFIER: analysis
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: P I Tartter PI
AUTHOR: G Slater G
AUTHOR: I Gelernt I
AUTHOR: A H Aufses AH
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Annals of surgery.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Screening for liver metastases from colorectal cancer with carcinoembryonic antigen and alkaline phosphatase.
PUBDATE: 19810301
A sensitive and economic method of screening for liver metastases in patients with colorectal cancer was developed using serum alkaline phosphatase and carcinoembryonic antigen. The upper limit of normal for alkaline phosphatase and carcinoembryonic antigen did not represent the optimal levels for use in predicting liver metastases. However, with alkaline phosphatase greater than 135 I.U., and/or carcinoembryonic antigen greater than 10 ng/ml, sensitivity was 88%: 23 of 26 patients with liver metastases fulfilled either or both criteria. The false-positive rate was 12%. Liver scanning, alone, demonstrated metastases in only 69% of 35 patients with liver metastases. The combination of alkaline phosphatase and carcinoembryonic antigen can be used economically to screen for liver metastases, and to determine which patients should undergo a liver scan.


7. DOCID:7526 SCORE: 0.00413538831100231
DOCNO: 7351004
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: administration & dosage
QUALIFIER: complications
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
AUTHOR: P A Pizzo PA
AUTHOR: S Ladisch S
AUTHOR: K Ribichaud K
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Treatment of gram-positive septicemia in cancer patients.
PUBDATE: 19800101
Seventy-eight pediatric cancer patients were treated for gram-positive bacterial septicemia during a 10-year period (1968-1977). Sixty-one (78%) of the patients were granulocytopenic (PMNs less than 500/mm3) at the onset of the septic episode. All the patients whose granulocytopenia resolved (PMNs greater than 500/mm3) within one week of therapy recovered without sequelae. However, 7 of 15 patients (47%) who remained granulocytopenic for more than 7 days and who were treated with a single antibiotic developed a second sepsis with a gram-negative organism. In contrast, second infections were not observed in 24 patients with PMNs less than 500/mm3 for more than 7 days who were treated with broad spectrum antibiotics (p less than 0.002), suggesting that a broad-spectrum antibiotic regimen may be preferable when a cancer patient has prolonged granulocytopenia.


8. DOCID:1844 SCORE: 0.0041180778778512
DOCNO: 203233
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: pathology
QUALIFIER: pathology
QUALIFIER: pathology
AUTHOR: T G Peters TG
AUTHOR: W L Donegan WL
AUTHOR: E A Burg EA
PUBTYPE: Case Reports
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Annals of surgery.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Minimal breast cancer: a clinical appraisal.
PUBDATE: 19771201
Eighty-five patients with a diagnosis of minimal breast cancer were evaluated. The predominant lesion was intraductal carcinoma, and axillary metastases occurred in association with minimal breast cancer in seven of 96 cases. One death occurred due to minimal breast cancer. Bilateral mammary carcinoma was evident in 24% and bilateral minimal breast cancer in 13% of the patients. The component lesions of minimal breast cancer have varied biologic activity, but prognosis is good with a variety of operations. The multifocal nature of minimal breast cancer and the potential for metastases should be recognized. Therapy should include removal of the entire mammary parenchyma and low axillary nodes. The high incidence of bilateral malignancy supports elective contralateral biopsy at the time of therapy for minimal breast cancer.


9. DOCID:1757 SCORE: 0.00403011127389933
DOCNO: 836761
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
AUTHOR: R R West RR
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: British journal of cancer.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Cervical cancer: Age at registration and age at death.
PUBDATE: 19770201
The 5-year survival of women with localized (early-stage) cervical cancer is much higher than for women with non-localized (late-stage) cancer, but women with localized cancer tend also to be younger than those with advanced cancer. A new method of presenting the long-term survival is suggested, and the registrations of cervical cancers in South Wales are analysed in terms of average age at registration and average age at death. The observed average age at death was very close to 59 years regardless of stage (and age) at diagnosis, and calculations of expected ages at death of the whole populations suggest that more than half the advantage in survival shown by early stage cancers over late stage cancers is due to diagnosis of the former in younger women.


10. DOCID:3767 SCORE: 0.00401712305314626
DOCNO: 990696
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Adrenalectomy
QUALIFIER: therapy
AUTHOR: D J Leaper DJ
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The British journal of surgery.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: A clinical index for selection of breast cancer patients for adrenalectomy.
PUBDATE: 19761001
Selection of patients with disseminated breast cancer for endocrine surgery has not been facilitated by sophisticated biochemical techniques. The present study was designed to produce a method of prognosis based exclusively on clinical data. Eighteen features were studied in 95 patients who underwent adrenalectomy and oophorectomy, and correlated with their degree of response to produce predictive variables. In a further group of 90 patients a prognostic score (the sum of the predictive variables) was calculated. There were 17 patients who scored less than 0 and in no case was a good response to endocrine surgery achieved. There were 40 who scored over 10, 29 of whom had a good response. The remaining 33 scored between 0 and 10 and there was no correlation between score and response. This predictive system offers significant advantages over accepted methods of clinical assessment (chi2 = 6-61, P less than 0-02). When patients with a score between 0 and 10 are excluded, its advantages are even more obvious (chi2 = 11-26, P less than 0-001). Patients who are likely to respond to endocrine surgery can be selected by clinical parameters alone, and total failure to respond can be forecast with complete accuracy. Between these two there is a third group whose response is unpredictable.


11. DOCID:2216 SCORE: 0.00389675972140805
DOCNO: 170787
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Methylcholanthrene
DESCRIPTOR: Neoplasm Metastasis
QUALIFIER: chemically induced
AUTHOR: Y Harada Y
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Acta pathologica japonica.
COUNTRY: JAPAN
TITLE: Induction of metastasizing carcinoma in rats and their biological characteristics.
PUBDATE: 19750701
Induction of a spontaneously metastasizing carcinoma in rats was attempted. Four-week-old Sprague-Dawley female rats were thymectomized or/and splenectomized and fed 200 mg (20 mg times 10) of 3-methylcholanthrene from 7 weeks of age. In addition to these treatments, the early-appearing tumors were excised in order to select by isoimmunity the late-appearing ones that were less antigenic. The latter were easily transplanted into normal syngeneic female rats with metastasis to remote organs. This metastasizing capacity of the tumor became an inherent character in syngeneic normal rats from generation to generation of transplantation. With one of these tumors (MRMT-1) many cancer cells were histologically detected in circulating blood 3 days after tumor transplantation and arrested in capillary beds of lungs. The spontaneous metastasis to lymph nodes and lungs was macroscopically found within several weeks after tumor transplantation.


12. DOCID:7212 SCORE: 0.00381148727967482
DOCNO: 7357548
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: pharmacology
QUALIFIER: drug effects
QUALIFIER: drug effects
QUALIFIER: drug effects
AUTHOR: K Morimoto K
AUTHOR: S Wolff S
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer research.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Increase of sister chromatid exchanges and perturbations of cell division kinetics in human lymphocytes by benzene metabolites.
PUBDATE: 19800401
Benzene, which has been associated with human cancers, is metabolized to produce several major metabolites that could be responsible for the biological effects. Tests have now been carried out on human lymphocytes in culture to determine if benzene or its metabolites, phenol, catechol, and hydroquinone, induce cytogenetic changes and affect the cell cycle. The results indicate that benzene itself does not induce sister chromatid exchanges or affect cell cycle kinetics over a wide range of doses. Phenol has an effect only at very high doses. On the other hand, catechol is a potent compound that induces sister chromatid exchanges and delays cell division very readily. Hydroquinone is also potent, but less so than catechol. Thus, the formation of catechol and hydroquinone is the most likely cause of benzene toxicity.


13. DOCID:3910 SCORE: 0.00375522686966371
DOCNO: 1117767
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
AUTHOR: J F Beamis JF
AUTHOR: A Stein A
AUTHOR: J L Andrews JL
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The Medical clinics of North America.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Changing epidemiology of lung cancer. Increasing incidence in women.
PUBDATE: 19750301
Recent worldwide reports show a large increase in the incidence of lung cancer in both men and women. To detail changes in the epidemiology of lung cancer relating to the incidence in men and women, we reviewed the patterns of diagnosis of 1145 patients with lung cancer seen at the Lahey Clinic between 1956 and 1972, during which time the proportion of all men and women seen was unchanged. The total number of women with lung cancer increased greatly and has almost doubled during this period. Lung cancer in women is now increasing at a faster rate than in men so that the male to female incidence has decreased from 6.8/1 (1957 to 1960) to 2.4/1 (1969 to 1972). We reviewed in detail the case histories and pathology of 231 women with lung cancer. No significant change was evident in cell type distribution during the study years. The most frequently seen tumors in women were adenocarcinoma (31 per cent), undifferentiated large cell cancer (22 per cent), epidermoid carcinoma (16 per cent), and undifferentiated small cell carcinoma (12 per cent). Among those women with known smoking histories, the group most responsible for the recent increase in women with lung cancer was comprised of smoking women in whom Kreyberg group 1 (smoking-related) tumors developed.


14. DOCID:3175 SCORE: 0.00365759474595192
DOCNO: 870187
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: biosynthesis
QUALIFIER: enzymology
AUTHOR: B Paigen B
AUTHOR: J Minowada J
AUTHOR: H L Gurtoo HL
AUTHOR: K Paigen K
AUTHOR: N B Parker NB
AUTHOR: E Ward E
AUTHOR: N T Hayner NT
AUTHOR: I D Bross ID
AUTHOR: F Bock F
AUTHOR: R Vincent R
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer research.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Distribution of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inducibility in cultured human lymphocytes.
PUBDATE: 19770601
We measured aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) in cultured human lymphocytes. A striking seasonal variation in AHH activity was observed with induced AHH activity levels from January through May measuring approximately 20% of the values during the remainder of the year. AHH inducibility was determined by comparing lymphocytes from the same person cultured with and without the inducer 3-methylcholanthrene. If measurements are limited to the summer and fall seasons when AHH activity is high, AHH inducibility is reproducible for most persons with repeat determinations on the same person averaging 11% from the mean. The values of AHH inducibility in 53 persons ranged from 0.9 to 5.0, but the distribution of values did not fall into three distinct, nonoverlapping classes as reported by others. We were not able to determine the distribution of AHH inducibility in lung cancer patients since lymphocytes from less than half of the patients tested could be successfully cultured.