0. DOCID:2829 SCORE: 0.00686369620653497
DOCNO: 1146724
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: metabolism
QUALIFIER: metabolism
AUTHOR: J G Bieri JG
AUTHOR: R P Evarts RP
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The American journal of clinical nutrition.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Tocopherols and polyunsaturated fatty acids in human tissues.
PUBDATE: 19750701
Five tissues from three adults who died suddenly and three adult cancer victims were analyzed for alpha- and gamma-tocopherols and fatty acids. When compared with two reports in 1949 and 1958, the three presumably normal subjects had alpha-tocopherol concentrations in liver, muscle and adipose tissue in about the same range as earlier, but heart was twice as high and lung was three times higher than earlier. The content of gamma-tocopherol in all tissues was considerably higher than in 1949 or 1958. Tissues from cancer patients were no lower in alpha-tocopherol than tissues from normal subjects. Adipose tissue from three of the six subjects contained linoleic acid exceeding 15 per cent of total fatty acids. Tocopherols in these subjects, expressed on a tissue weight or tissue lipid basis, were not remarkable. The molar ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to alpha-tocopherol in heart and lung was calculated and its possible use in evaluating vitamin E status is discussed.

1. DOCID:3120 SCORE: 0.00586074649643751
DOCNO: 612703
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Antineoplastic Agents
QUALIFIER: pharmacology
AUTHOR: T Aoyagi T
AUTHOR: M Ishizuka M
AUTHOR: T Takeuchi T
AUTHOR: H Umezawa H
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The Japanese journal of antibiotics.
COUNTRY: JAPAN
TITLE: Enzyme inhibitors in relation to cancer therapy.
PUBDATE: 19771201
In the last 11 years the authors have succeeded in isolating nearly 40 enzyme inhibitors of small molecular size from microbial origins. These inhibitors proved to be not only useful tools in analyses of homeostasis of living organisms but also promising agents for cancer chemotherapy. Leupeptin was originally isolated as an inhibitor against serine or thiol proteases such as trypsin, plasmin, papain and cathepsin B. And soon it was demonstrated that leupeptin suppressed chemical carcinogenesis in rats. Pepstatin has an extremely strong activity to inhibit pepsin and cathepsin D. It also inhibits ascites accumulation caused by neoplastic diseases. Bestatin is a specific inhibitor against aminopeptidase B and leucine aminopeptidase. The enzymes are located on the surface membrane in various kinds of cells including lymphocytes. Bestatin was shown to enhance not only blastogenesis of lymphocytes in vitro but also establishment of delayed-type hypersensitivity in vivo. Combined use of bestatin and other antitumor agents gave promising results in animal experiments. Studies on enzyme inhibitors have provided us a new approach to cancer chemotherapy.

2. DOCID:3038 SCORE: 0.00573825056103966
DOCNO: 187259
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Herpesviridae
DESCRIPTOR: Oncogenic Viruses
AUTHOR: D V Ablashi DV
AUTHOR: J M Easton JM
AUTHOR: J H Guegan JH
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
PUBTYPE: Review
JOURNALTITLE: Biomedicine / [publiée pour l'A.A.I.C.I.G.].
COUNTRY: FRANCE
TITLE: Herpesviruses and cancer in man and subhuman primates.
PUBDATE: 19761101
Because there is strong evidence for the involvement of Epstein-Barr virus in the etiology of Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, we have discussed the relationship of Epstein-Barr virus to these two diseases in the context of geographic distribution, pathology, epidemiology, genetics, immunovirology, and biochemistry. We have also discussed the relationship of Epstein-Barr virus to other diseases, both malignant and non-malignant. Although the etiologic relationship of herpes simplex virus type 2 to squamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix is not on as firm ground, we feel that some good evidence does exist. We have also discussed two oncogenic simian viruses, Herpesvirus saimiri and Herpesvirus ateles. These have a great number of similarities to EBV, and thus may provide models for the study of viral-induced oncogenesis in man. Agents similar to Epstein-Barr virus have been isolated from old world monkeys. These may possibly be of greater importance than either Herpesvirus saimiri or Herpesvirus ateles in the investigation of human virally-induced cancers.

3. DOCID:3819 SCORE: 0.00568475800127266
DOCNO: 187314
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
AUTHOR: M J Straus MJ
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Combination chemotherapy in advanced lung cancer with increased survival.
PUBDATE: 19761201
Twenty-eight patients with lung cancer, 26 with extensive disease, were treated with the drugs Cytoxan (Cyt) and methotrexate (MTX). The schedule was based on cellular kinetics concepts. Initial therapy was with Cyt 1.1 g/m2 (intravenously) followed by MTX 20 mg/m2 orally, twice weekly, started 9 days later, when the tumor was considered to be most susceptible to an S-phase-specific drug. The course was repeated at three-week intervals. Based on dose response curves, Cyt and MTX dose modifications were individually adjusted to the whit blood cell counts and platelet counts over a 3-week period. Twenty of 28 patients (five of seven large cell, five of eight adenocarcinoma, 10 or 11 small cell, none of two epidermoid) responded with greater than or equal 50% tumor reduction. Ten patients had complete responses, seven of whom had small cell carcinoma. Two of the nonresponders were nonevaluable. Five patients were alive and the extimated median survival time of the patients is almost 1 year, which compares quite favorably to previous reports. On this schedule of therapy, very high doses of Cyt and MTX were maintained with less than 3% incidence per course of a WBC less than 1,500/mm3 or a platelet count less than 50,000/mm3.

4. DOCID:3405 SCORE: 0.00530128179725896
DOCNO: 303021
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
QUALIFIER: methods
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: W Weiss W
AUTHOR: H Hanak H
AUTHOR: A Huber A
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Wiener klinische Wochenschrift.
COUNTRY: AUSTRIA
TITLE: [Clinical value of rectal digital examination in early diagnosis of colorectal cancer (author's transl)]
PUBDATE: 19771001
A prospective study was carried out on a series of 1500 patients of a gastro-enterological and surgical unit in order to evaluate critically the accuracy of rectal digital examination as a single tool in the early diagnosis of colorectal tumours. The patients in this study were explored independently by two investigators, first by rectal digital palpation and afterwards by means of the proctosigmoidoscope. Endoscopy confirmed the presence of 239 tumours, 96 of these being diagnosed histologically as carcinoma. Comparative analysis of the results of physical and endoscopic examination demonstrated that digital palpation provided a correct diagnosis in 58 out of 239 tumours, equivalent to an accuracy of 24.3% for tumours within the reach of the rectoscope, and 10% for all colorectal tumours. Hence, rectal examination should not be used as single diagnostic tool in screening for large bowel cancer. A multiphasic screening system, including investigations for occult blood, proctosigmoidoscopy, endoscopic polypectomy and determination of colon-embryonic-antigen levels is discussed to obtain better results in general health screening, early diagnosis and avoidance of incurable colorectal carcinomas and the early detection of recurrence.

5. DOCID:3904 SCORE: 0.0052664805279954
DOCNO: 1228090
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: adverse effects
AUTHOR: G K Döring GK
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Fortschritte der Medizin.
COUNTRY: GERMANY, WEST
TITLE: [Side-effects of ovulation inhibitors]
PUBDATE: 19751001
The discussion about the side-effects of oral contraceptives received new aspects through the publication of the prospective British Study "Oral Contraceptives and Health" (by the Royal College of General Practitioners) in 1974. This article is divided into the following sections: Beneficial side-effects (elimination of symptoms in dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, acne vulgaris, menorrhagia and anemia). Harmless side-effects (harmless symptoms not implying illness). Clinically important side-effects (menstrual disorders, facilitation of moniliasis and trichomoniasis, diseases of the circulatory system, thrombo-embolism). Oral contraceptives have no adverse effects on the fertility of women. Significant is the conclusion that pregnancy and children are normal after the use of oral contraceptives. There are no indications of an increased risk of cancer. The results of the British study confirm a reduced incidence of benign breast tumors in women using oral contraceptives. The suggestion to select a pill-type considering the hormonal constitution of a woman did not prove to be of help. The original proposal of changing the pill-type according to the observed side-effects therefore remains valid. A classification of the used oral contraceptives into the groups "with gestagen accentuation", "hormonally balanced" and "with estrogen accentuation" will help the physician to prescribe the most useful type. An extensive table summarizes the most frequent side-effects, explains their causes and recommends ways of eliminating the symptoms by changing the pill-type.

6. DOCID:3777 SCORE: 0.0052379944847103
DOCNO: 892932
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Anesthesia, Inhalation
DESCRIPTOR: Ether, Ethyl
DESCRIPTOR: Ethyl Ethers
DESCRIPTOR: Halothane
QUALIFIER: mortality
AUTHOR: I A Fried IA
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.
COUNTRY: DENMARK
TITLE: The influence of the anaesthetic on survival rates of breast cancer patients after surgery.
PUBDATE: 19770801
The end results of therapy of 1,358 breast cancer patients were studied. Anaesthesia was performed by ether-nitrogen-oxygen (554 cases) or halothane-nitrogen-oxygen (804 cases) mixture with addition of oxygen. The method of Holstead was employed in all cases. A comparison of groups of patients on the basis of such parameters as the anaesthetic used, age and degree of tumour progression (according to the TNM classification and results of post-operative histological assays) showed them to be identical. The study showed that the type of anaesthesia influenced the end results of therapy of cancer patients: the survival rates of patients receiving halothane anaesthesia were much higher than those of the ether-anaesthetized patients. The differences were most pronounced among patients who received pre-operative radiation therapy and post-operative chemotherapy as well as in cases of metastasis spread into regional lymph nodes. The mechanism of the effect of the anaesthetic on the survival rates of cancer patients may be explained on the basis of the data available on the varying influences of anaesthetics on the pituitary-adrenal cortec system and carcinemia development during operation as well as the role of immunity in tumour cell implantation and growth of metastases.

7. DOCID:3608 SCORE: 0.00499126369362766
DOCNO: 1030678
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: enzymology
QUALIFIER: enzymology
QUALIFIER: enzymology
QUALIFIER: isolation & purification
AUTHOR: H Nawata H
AUTHOR: K I Kato KI
AUTHOR: H Ibayashi H
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Gann = Gan.
COUNTRY: JAPAN
TITLE: Properties of thymidine kinase partially purified from human adrenal glands.
PUBDATE: 19760801
Thymidine kinase was partially purified from human adrenocortical carcinoma, hyperplasia, and normal adrenal glands. For the purpose of clarifying the qualitative and quantitative difference of thymidine kinase between cancer and normal tissue, biochemical properties of partially purified thymidine kinase were compared. Adrenocortical carcinoma and hyperplasia contained greater concentration of thymidine kinase than normal adrenal gland. By the DEAE-cellulose chromatography, adrenocortical carcinoma gave two peaks (Peak I and Peak II) of thymidine kinase, while in hyperplasia and normal adrenal gland, the second peak (Peak II) was only slightly detected or hardly detected. Thymidine kinase in these three glands was identical with respect to pH optimum and inhibition by dTTP, but inhibition by dCTP was quite different. dCTP inhibited the activity of normal adrenal gland and Peak II of adrenocortical carcinoma by 55% and 40% at 0.1 mM, respectively, but the activity of adrenocortical hyperplasia and Peak I of adrenocortical carcinoma was hardly affected. Normal adrenal enzyme was more stable against heat inactivation than adrenocortical carcinoma and hyperplasia. The apparent Km with thymidine for Peak I and Peak II of adrenocortical carcinoma, hyperplasia, and normal adrenal gland was 5.0, 11.1, 5.1 and 25.0 x 10(-6)M, respectively.

8. DOCID:3093 SCORE: 0.00441550386482665
DOCNO: 1251278
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
AUTHOR: J J van Dyk JJ
AUTHOR: A M van der Merwe AM
AUTHOR: H C Falkson HC
AUTHOR: G Falkson G
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde.
COUNTRY: SOUTH AFRICA
TITLE: Adriamycin in the treatment of cancer.
PUBDATE: 19760101
Adriamycin is a new anticancer antibiotic with a wide spectrum of activity against solid tumours. The results obtained with this agent in 159 patients with histologically confirmed advanced metastastic malignancies are reported. Encouraging results were obtained in patients with sarcomas of bone and soft tissue (12/22). Response was also seen in mesothelioma (3/9) and lung cancer (5/15). A variety of other neoplasms was also treated and results obtained in neuroblastoma, testicular tumours, stomach carcinoma, breast cancer and nephroblastoma are reported. Treatment is discussed, with reference to response rates and toxicity. Results in 72 patients with advanced breast cancer, who received adriamycin in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents, are presented. Seventeen patients with primary liver cancer were also treated with adriamycin. To date, this is the only chemotherapeutic agent that appears to significantly improve survival times in patients with this resistant form of cancer. The prophylactic use of adriamycin against osteogenic sarcoma is also discussed.

9. DOCID:3025 SCORE: 0.00435186928994574
DOCNO: 74302
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
AUTHOR: L A Price LA
AUTHOR: B T Hill BT
PUBTYPE: Clinical Trial
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
PUBTYPE: Randomized Controlled Trial
JOURNALTITLE: Clinical otolaryngology and allied sciences.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: A kinetically based logical approach to the chemotherapy of head and neck cancer.
PUBDATE: 19771101
The application of some basic principles derived from studies of the cell cycle and proliferative kinetics of normal and malignant cells has provided a rational basis for designing cancer treatment protocols. Using this approach in advanced head and neck cancer it is possible (a) to increase the response rate, (b) to reduce toxicity and (c) to reduce in-patient hospital stay time. Seventy-one patients with advanced carcinoma of the head and neck were randomized for treatment between two combination schedules, one with and the other without adriamycin. Responses (more than 50% tumour regression) were 74% overall with 70% responding to the combination without adriamycin and 82% responding to the schedule containing it. The increase in response rate seen with adriamycin is not statistically significant. Prior radiotherapy significantly reduced the likelihood of response to chemotherapy. These results have major implications for adjuvant chemotherapy and suggest a possible way of increasing the survival time in this group of diseases.

10. DOCID:2479 SCORE: 0.00422255092626055
DOCNO: 46746
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Adrenalectomy
QUALIFIER: therapy
QUALIFIER: therapy
QUALIFIER: therapy
AUTHOR: P W Brown PW
AUTHOR: J J Terz JJ
AUTHOR: R King R
AUTHOR: W Lawrence W
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Archives of surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Bilateral adrenalectomy for metastatic breast carcinoma.
PUBDATE: 19750101
Ninety-five patients who underwent bilateral adrenalectomy for metastatic breast carcinoma are reviewed. An objective remission of tumor was observed in 66% of the patients over the age of 45 years with metastasis limited to soft tissue, osseous, or pulmonary system. In those patients below the age of 45, only 19% had remission irrespective of the sites of metastasis. Thirty-three patients were admitted with no "free interval," with objective remission occuring in 42%. This observation indicates that the "free interval" is not as striking a determinant in selecting adrenalectomy candidates as had been stressed by others. The serial treatment of adrenalectomy followed by chemotherapy after adrenalectomy failure or relapse was shown to objectively benefit 74% of 72 patients evaluated. Sulfokinase activity in breast cancer tissue was studied in 17 patients. The results were not as definitive as reported by others.

11. DOCID:3419 SCORE: 0.00398871905788455
DOCNO: 814542
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: therapy
AUTHOR: M M Romsdahl MM
AUTHOR: E D Montague ED
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Postgraduate medicine.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Managing primary breast cancer.
PUBDATE: 19760201
Management of breast cancer by surgery combined with irradiation can only affect disease within the treated area. In patients who have distant metastases at the time of therapy, there is no evidence of improved overall survival rates by the use of irradiation, either preoperatively or postoperatively. Survival may be affected by these measures, as well as by extensive surgical procedures, in only a very small subset of the patient population with breast cancer. A study of adjunctive systemic therapy with thiotepa has also failed to show a change in overall survival. Control of local and regional disease is the realistic goal of surgical and radiotherapeutic treatment. This goal can be best achieved by the use of surgical procedures ranging from radical mastectomy to excisional biopsy combined with a tumor dose of 4,500 to 5,000 rads to the areas of potential subclinical disease. Elective chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or both may be beneficial in preventing or retarding the development of distant metastases. However, use of these modalities should be restricted to controlled clinical trials to determine their actual effectiveness. It is not appropriate to institute such treatment as a substitute for established methods of controlling regional disease.

12. DOCID:2284 SCORE: 0.00395207619120163
DOCNO: 812356
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
AUTHOR: P P Carbone PP
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
PUBTYPE: Review
JOURNALTITLE: American journal of clinical pathology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: The role of chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer of the breast.
PUBDATE: 19751201
Chemotherapy is of significant benefit to patients with advanced breast cancer, as measured by tumor regression and increased survival. Yet these tumor regressions are short-lived, and the patient survival benefit is measured in terms of months. This relative refractoriness is due either to drug resistance or to what is called "kinetic" resistance. Kinetic resistance implies large numbers of cells and long doubling times. Experimentally, surgery combined with chemotherapy offers the best chance of cure of several solid tumors in animals. Several clinical trials in combined surgery and chemotherapy indicating a markedly favorable effect of this approach are in progress. This suggests that, as in the animal systems, kinetic resistance can be overcome by the combined-modality approach. The response to endocrine manipulation can be predicted by estrogen receptors. Clinical trials to combine chemotherapy, surgery and hormonal treatment are under way.

13. DOCID:3857 SCORE: 0.00387760753697792
DOCNO: 409291
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Hysterectomy
AUTHOR: P Cole P
AUTHOR: J Berlin J
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Elective hysterectomy.
PUBDATE: 19770901
Hysterectomy is the most frequently performed major operation. Its frequency is increasing due to greater use of elective indications such as uterine cancer prophylaxis, contraception, and menopausal problems. The effects of elective simple hysterectomy are evaluated in terms of morbidity and mortality rates and costs. Among 35-year-old women operated upon, the average over-all gain in life expectancy is only 0.2 years. This is due to the saving of 1.3 per cent of women who would have died from cancer of the cervix or endometrium; they gained 14.3 years of life. In addition, 3 per cent of women are spared the development of and treatment for these two conditions. All women operated upon would be relieved of some undesirable aspects of the menopausal years such as irregular uterine bleeding. There are also economic gains. However, the operation has adverse health effects which could offset any gains from cancer prevention. In addition, each year of life saved would cost about $12,800 and most of the added years would be lived in old age. Delaying the operation to age 45 and including oophorectomy would result in a lower cost per year of life saved-about $9,800-but the risk of adverse health effects probably would be increased very much. Cancer prophylaxis cannot justify elective hysterectomy; we cannot assess whether quality-of-life considerations do.

14. DOCID:2437 SCORE: 0.0037627579458123
DOCNO: 1015892
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Ultrasonography
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: W H Boyce WH
AUTHOR: W M McKinney WM
AUTHOR: M I Resnick MI
AUTHOR: J W Willard JW
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Annals of surgery.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Ultrasonography as an aid in the diagnosis and management of surgical diseases of the pelvis: special emphasis on the genitourinary system.
PUBDATE: 19761001
Technological advances, particularly the advent of the gray scale technique, has greatly extended the application and usefulness of this modality to clinical diagnoses and surgery. The ultrasonic beam uniquely provides anatomical profiles in the transverse (cross-sectional) and sagittal (longitudinal) planes of the body. Intra-rectal and intra-vaginal ultrasonic probes have provided unique definition of both the normal and pathologic anatomy of the pelvic organs. The present report is drawn from a continuing experience with ultrasonography of the genitourinary system with an update of current technological advances. Ultrasonography has proven especially valuable in the following clinical applications: 1) Early diagnosis of cancer (especially of the prostate); 2) Accurate staging of cancer of the bladder and prostate; 3) Monitoring of the response of the pathologic process to therapy.