0. DOCID:2829 SCORE: 0.00686369620653497
DOCNO: 1146724
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: metabolism
QUALIFIER: metabolism
AUTHOR: J G Bieri JG
AUTHOR: R P Evarts RP
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The American journal of clinical nutrition.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Tocopherols and polyunsaturated fatty acids in human tissues.
PUBDATE: 19750701
Five tissues from three adults who died suddenly and three adult cancer victims were analyzed for alpha- and gamma-tocopherols and fatty acids. When compared with two reports in 1949 and 1958, the three presumably normal subjects had alpha-tocopherol concentrations in liver, muscle and adipose tissue in about the same range as earlier, but heart was twice as high and lung was three times higher than earlier. The content of gamma-tocopherol in all tissues was considerably higher than in 1949 or 1958. Tissues from cancer patients were no lower in alpha-tocopherol than tissues from normal subjects. Adipose tissue from three of the six subjects contained linoleic acid exceeding 15 per cent of total fatty acids. Tocopherols in these subjects, expressed on a tissue weight or tissue lipid basis, were not remarkable. The molar ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to alpha-tocopherol in heart and lung was calculated and its possible use in evaluating vitamin E status is discussed.

1. DOCID:7313 SCORE: 0.00629936914972148
DOCNO: 7427908
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
QUALIFIER: administration & dosage
QUALIFIER: administration & dosage
QUALIFIER: administration & dosage
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
AUTHOR: F P Smith FP
AUTHOR: D F Hoth DF
AUTHOR: B Levin B
AUTHOR: D A Karlin DA
AUTHOR: J S MacDonald JS
AUTHOR: P V Woolley PV
AUTHOR: P S Schein PS
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: 5-fluorouracil, Adriamycin, and mitomycin-C (FAM) chemotherapy for advanced adenocarcinoma of the pancreas.
PUBDATE: 19801101
Thirty-nine patients with advanced metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas were treated with a combination of 5-fluorouracil, Adriamycin, and mitomycin-C (FAM). Twenty-seven of these patients had measurable disease, and ten (37%) achieved a partial response. An additional three patients had evidence of disease stabilization. The median survival period of responding patients was 12 months, compared with 3.5 months for nonresponders (P < 0.01). The median survival period for all patients was 6 months. Moderate myelosuppression constituted the treatment-limiting toxicity. The FAM combination is an active and well-tolerated regimen for pancreatic cancer and may have an application in the management of patients with less advanced disease.

2. DOCID:11399 SCORE: 0.00596287455029616
DOCNO: 6857203
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Occult Blood
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: R Gnauck R
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift.
COUNTRY: SWITZERLAND
TITLE: [Practical experiences with the stool test for occult blood]
PUBDATE: 19830401
In the light of the literature and 10 years personal experience, the following conclusions are drawn: 1. Screening for colon cancer with Hemoccult works and is practicable. 2. Asymptomatic and unknown symptomatic cancers are detected. 3. These cancers are predominantly in an early stage (70% at Dukes A and B). 4. Large adenomatous polyps, i.e. precancerous neoplasias, can also be detected. 5. One-time testing may miss 15-20% of cancers and 40-50% of adenomatous polyps (depending on their size!). 6. Repeated screening during the 2 years before diagnosis lowers these false-negative figures to less than 10% in carcinomas and less than 30% in large polyps. 7. Screening for colon cancer should be started at age 45 and thereafter repeated annually.

3. DOCID:7929 SCORE: 0.00589635878212896
DOCNO: 103610
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: administration & dosage
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
AUTHOR: M Perloff M
AUTHOR: R D Hart RD
AUTHOR: J F Holland JF
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Vinblastine, adriamycin, thiotepa, and halotestin (VATH): therapy for advanced breast cancer refractory to prior chemotherapy.
PUBDATE: 19781201
Nineteen postmenopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer refractory to conventional combination chemotherapy were treated with monthly cycles with the combinations of vinblastine, adriamycin, thiotepa and halotestin. Ten patients (52%) responded with a greater than 50% regression of measurable tumor. The median duration of response was 11.5 months, with 5/10 patients still responding at a mean follow-up of 10 months. Only 2/10 responders have died with a mean follow-up of 13.8 months. In contrast, 8/9 nonresponders have died (median survival 6.0 months). Response to therapy was neither influenced by site of disease, time interval from diagnosis to primary chemotherapy nor duration of response to primary chemotherapy. No patient was hospitalized because of drug induced toxicity. This combination of drugs is a tolerable effective regimen for patients relapsing after adjuvant chemotherapy or after primary combination chemotherapy for grossly metastatic disease.

4. DOCID:3120 SCORE: 0.00586074649643751
DOCNO: 612703
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Antineoplastic Agents
QUALIFIER: pharmacology
AUTHOR: T Aoyagi T
AUTHOR: M Ishizuka M
AUTHOR: T Takeuchi T
AUTHOR: H Umezawa H
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The Japanese journal of antibiotics.
COUNTRY: JAPAN
TITLE: Enzyme inhibitors in relation to cancer therapy.
PUBDATE: 19771201
In the last 11 years the authors have succeeded in isolating nearly 40 enzyme inhibitors of small molecular size from microbial origins. These inhibitors proved to be not only useful tools in analyses of homeostasis of living organisms but also promising agents for cancer chemotherapy. Leupeptin was originally isolated as an inhibitor against serine or thiol proteases such as trypsin, plasmin, papain and cathepsin B. And soon it was demonstrated that leupeptin suppressed chemical carcinogenesis in rats. Pepstatin has an extremely strong activity to inhibit pepsin and cathepsin D. It also inhibits ascites accumulation caused by neoplastic diseases. Bestatin is a specific inhibitor against aminopeptidase B and leucine aminopeptidase. The enzymes are located on the surface membrane in various kinds of cells including lymphocytes. Bestatin was shown to enhance not only blastogenesis of lymphocytes in vitro but also establishment of delayed-type hypersensitivity in vivo. Combined use of bestatin and other antitumor agents gave promising results in animal experiments. Studies on enzyme inhibitors have provided us a new approach to cancer chemotherapy.

5. DOCID:3038 SCORE: 0.00573825056103966
DOCNO: 187259
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Herpesviridae
DESCRIPTOR: Oncogenic Viruses
AUTHOR: D V Ablashi DV
AUTHOR: J M Easton JM
AUTHOR: J H Guegan JH
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
PUBTYPE: Review
JOURNALTITLE: Biomedicine / [publiée pour l'A.A.I.C.I.G.].
COUNTRY: FRANCE
TITLE: Herpesviruses and cancer in man and subhuman primates.
PUBDATE: 19761101
Because there is strong evidence for the involvement of Epstein-Barr virus in the etiology of Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, we have discussed the relationship of Epstein-Barr virus to these two diseases in the context of geographic distribution, pathology, epidemiology, genetics, immunovirology, and biochemistry. We have also discussed the relationship of Epstein-Barr virus to other diseases, both malignant and non-malignant. Although the etiologic relationship of herpes simplex virus type 2 to squamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix is not on as firm ground, we feel that some good evidence does exist. We have also discussed two oncogenic simian viruses, Herpesvirus saimiri and Herpesvirus ateles. These have a great number of similarities to EBV, and thus may provide models for the study of viral-induced oncogenesis in man. Agents similar to Epstein-Barr virus have been isolated from old world monkeys. These may possibly be of greater importance than either Herpesvirus saimiri or Herpesvirus ateles in the investigation of human virally-induced cancers.

6. DOCID:3819 SCORE: 0.00568475800127266
DOCNO: 187314
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
AUTHOR: M J Straus MJ
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Combination chemotherapy in advanced lung cancer with increased survival.
PUBDATE: 19761201
Twenty-eight patients with lung cancer, 26 with extensive disease, were treated with the drugs Cytoxan (Cyt) and methotrexate (MTX). The schedule was based on cellular kinetics concepts. Initial therapy was with Cyt 1.1 g/m2 (intravenously) followed by MTX 20 mg/m2 orally, twice weekly, started 9 days later, when the tumor was considered to be most susceptible to an S-phase-specific drug. The course was repeated at three-week intervals. Based on dose response curves, Cyt and MTX dose modifications were individually adjusted to the whit blood cell counts and platelet counts over a 3-week period. Twenty of 28 patients (five of seven large cell, five of eight adenocarcinoma, 10 or 11 small cell, none of two epidermoid) responded with greater than or equal 50% tumor reduction. Ten patients had complete responses, seven of whom had small cell carcinoma. Two of the nonresponders were nonevaluable. Five patients were alive and the extimated median survival time of the patients is almost 1 year, which compares quite favorably to previous reports. On this schedule of therapy, very high doses of Cyt and MTX were maintained with less than 3% incidence per course of a WBC less than 1,500/mm3 or a platelet count less than 50,000/mm3.

7. DOCID:15260 SCORE: 0.00557555480784048
DOCNO: 2740581
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: I De Llano Rodríguez I
AUTHOR: L Rodrigo Sáez L
AUTHOR: D Prados Cano D
AUTHOR: H Schleiman Halabi H
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Revista española de las enfermedades del aparato digestivo.
COUNTRY: SPAIN
TITLE: [Groups at risk and early detection of cancer of the colon and rectum]
PUBDATE: 19890401
Early detection of cancer of the colon and rectum is fundamental because survival is linked to the pathologic stage. The population groups at high risk are reviewed, as well as the different screening techniques: search for occult blood in stool (Hemoccult), rectal palpation, rigid rectosigmoidoscopy, flexible fiberoptic sigmoidoscopy, radiology and determination of carcinoembryonic antigen. It is concluded that the Hemoccult test is the most useful technique for early diagnosis and it should be performed in individuals over 40 years and in the high risk population. The other diagnostic tests should be carried out if this test is positive.

8. DOCID:14609 SCORE: 0.00557551730196334
DOCNO: 2691730
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: pathology
QUALIFIER: pathology
AUTHOR: R Yatani R
AUTHOR: I Kusano I
AUTHOR: T Shiraishi T
AUTHOR: T Hayashi T
AUTHOR: G N Stemmermann GN
AFFILIATION: Department of Pathology, Mie University School of Medicine.
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
PUBTYPE: Review
JOURNALTITLE: Japanese journal of clinical oncology.
COUNTRY: JAPAN
TITLE: Latent prostatic carcinoma: pathological and epidemiological aspects.
PUBDATE: 19891201
In conclusion, a review of the epidemiology and pathology of latent prostatic cancer suggests this tumor to be the probable initial phase of a biological continuum that ends with metastatic cancer. Histological grade and tumor volume are highly correlated, as are histological grade and mitotic index. It has also been suggested that atypical intraductal hyperplasia is, in turn, a precursor of carcinoma. This concept gains support from the close association of the two conditions among younger (less than 60 years of age) patients and from their similar mitotic and labeling indices.

9. DOCID:3405 SCORE: 0.00530128179725896
DOCNO: 303021
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
QUALIFIER: methods
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: W Weiss W
AUTHOR: H Hanak H
AUTHOR: A Huber A
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Wiener klinische Wochenschrift.
COUNTRY: AUSTRIA
TITLE: [Clinical value of rectal digital examination in early diagnosis of colorectal cancer (author's transl)]
PUBDATE: 19771001
A prospective study was carried out on a series of 1500 patients of a gastro-enterological and surgical unit in order to evaluate critically the accuracy of rectal digital examination as a single tool in the early diagnosis of colorectal tumours. The patients in this study were explored independently by two investigators, first by rectal digital palpation and afterwards by means of the proctosigmoidoscope. Endoscopy confirmed the presence of 239 tumours, 96 of these being diagnosed histologically as carcinoma. Comparative analysis of the results of physical and endoscopic examination demonstrated that digital palpation provided a correct diagnosis in 58 out of 239 tumours, equivalent to an accuracy of 24.3% for tumours within the reach of the rectoscope, and 10% for all colorectal tumours. Hence, rectal examination should not be used as single diagnostic tool in screening for large bowel cancer. A multiphasic screening system, including investigations for occult blood, proctosigmoidoscopy, endoscopic polypectomy and determination of colon-embryonic-antigen levels is discussed to obtain better results in general health screening, early diagnosis and avoidance of incurable colorectal carcinomas and the early detection of recurrence.

10. DOCID:3904 SCORE: 0.0052664805279954
DOCNO: 1228090
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: adverse effects
AUTHOR: G K Döring GK
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Fortschritte der Medizin.
COUNTRY: GERMANY, WEST
TITLE: [Side-effects of ovulation inhibitors]
PUBDATE: 19751001
The discussion about the side-effects of oral contraceptives received new aspects through the publication of the prospective British Study "Oral Contraceptives and Health" (by the Royal College of General Practitioners) in 1974. This article is divided into the following sections: Beneficial side-effects (elimination of symptoms in dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, acne vulgaris, menorrhagia and anemia). Harmless side-effects (harmless symptoms not implying illness). Clinically important side-effects (menstrual disorders, facilitation of moniliasis and trichomoniasis, diseases of the circulatory system, thrombo-embolism). Oral contraceptives have no adverse effects on the fertility of women. Significant is the conclusion that pregnancy and children are normal after the use of oral contraceptives. There are no indications of an increased risk of cancer. The results of the British study confirm a reduced incidence of benign breast tumors in women using oral contraceptives. The suggestion to select a pill-type considering the hormonal constitution of a woman did not prove to be of help. The original proposal of changing the pill-type according to the observed side-effects therefore remains valid. A classification of the used oral contraceptives into the groups "with gestagen accentuation", "hormonally balanced" and "with estrogen accentuation" will help the physician to prescribe the most useful type. An extensive table summarizes the most frequent side-effects, explains their causes and recommends ways of eliminating the symptoms by changing the pill-type.

11. DOCID:3777 SCORE: 0.0052379944847103
DOCNO: 892932
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Anesthesia, Inhalation
DESCRIPTOR: Ether, Ethyl
DESCRIPTOR: Ethyl Ethers
DESCRIPTOR: Halothane
QUALIFIER: mortality
AUTHOR: I A Fried IA
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.
COUNTRY: DENMARK
TITLE: The influence of the anaesthetic on survival rates of breast cancer patients after surgery.
PUBDATE: 19770801
The end results of therapy of 1,358 breast cancer patients were studied. Anaesthesia was performed by ether-nitrogen-oxygen (554 cases) or halothane-nitrogen-oxygen (804 cases) mixture with addition of oxygen. The method of Holstead was employed in all cases. A comparison of groups of patients on the basis of such parameters as the anaesthetic used, age and degree of tumour progression (according to the TNM classification and results of post-operative histological assays) showed them to be identical. The study showed that the type of anaesthesia influenced the end results of therapy of cancer patients: the survival rates of patients receiving halothane anaesthesia were much higher than those of the ether-anaesthetized patients. The differences were most pronounced among patients who received pre-operative radiation therapy and post-operative chemotherapy as well as in cases of metastasis spread into regional lymph nodes. The mechanism of the effect of the anaesthetic on the survival rates of cancer patients may be explained on the basis of the data available on the varying influences of anaesthetics on the pituitary-adrenal cortec system and carcinemia development during operation as well as the role of immunity in tumour cell implantation and growth of metastases.

12. DOCID:6770 SCORE: 0.00499852991981668
DOCNO: 6245096
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Protons
QUALIFIER: methods
AUTHOR: H D Suit HD
AUTHOR: M Goitein M
AUTHOR: J E Munzenrider JE
AUTHOR: L Verhey L
AUTHOR: E Gragoudas E
AUTHOR: A M Koehler AM
AUTHOR: M Urano M
AUTHOR: W U Shipley WU
AUTHOR: R M Linggood RM
AUTHOR: C Friedberg C
AUTHOR: M Wagner M
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Journal of the Canadian Association of Radiologists.
COUNTRY: CANADA
TITLE: Clinical experience with proton beam radiation therapy.
PUBDATE: 19800301
Our experience with modulated energy proton beams in the definitive treatment of cancer patients indicates that, for the patients accepted, treatment volumes have been smaller and total doses higher than would have obtained for photon techniques alone used in our institution. The reactions of normal tissue have, with very few exceptions, been readily acceptable. The higher radiation doses employed should yield higher tumor control frequencies. Clearly, we cannot assess the efficacy of this modality because of the small number of patients followed for short periods. However, the results are judged by use to warrant intensive evaluation of this modality.

13. DOCID:3608 SCORE: 0.00499126369362766
DOCNO: 1030678
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: enzymology
QUALIFIER: enzymology
QUALIFIER: enzymology
QUALIFIER: isolation & purification
AUTHOR: H Nawata H
AUTHOR: K I Kato KI
AUTHOR: H Ibayashi H
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Gann = Gan.
COUNTRY: JAPAN
TITLE: Properties of thymidine kinase partially purified from human adrenal glands.
PUBDATE: 19760801
Thymidine kinase was partially purified from human adrenocortical carcinoma, hyperplasia, and normal adrenal glands. For the purpose of clarifying the qualitative and quantitative difference of thymidine kinase between cancer and normal tissue, biochemical properties of partially purified thymidine kinase were compared. Adrenocortical carcinoma and hyperplasia contained greater concentration of thymidine kinase than normal adrenal gland. By the DEAE-cellulose chromatography, adrenocortical carcinoma gave two peaks (Peak I and Peak II) of thymidine kinase, while in hyperplasia and normal adrenal gland, the second peak (Peak II) was only slightly detected or hardly detected. Thymidine kinase in these three glands was identical with respect to pH optimum and inhibition by dTTP, but inhibition by dCTP was quite different. dCTP inhibited the activity of normal adrenal gland and Peak II of adrenocortical carcinoma by 55% and 40% at 0.1 mM, respectively, but the activity of adrenocortical hyperplasia and Peak I of adrenocortical carcinoma was hardly affected. Normal adrenal enzyme was more stable against heat inactivation than adrenocortical carcinoma and hyperplasia. The apparent Km with thymidine for Peak I and Peak II of adrenocortical carcinoma, hyperplasia, and normal adrenal gland was 5.0, 11.1, 5.1 and 25.0 x 10(-6)M, respectively.

14. DOCID:10565 SCORE: 0.00492724347669841
DOCNO: 6313983
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
AUTHOR: M Fukuoka M
AUTHOR: M Takada M
AUTHOR: S Negoro S
AUTHOR: S Tamai S
AUTHOR: K Matsui K
AUTHOR: N Sakai N
AUTHOR: S Ryu S
AUTHOR: T Yoshinaga T
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Gan no rinsho. Japan journal of cancer clinics.
COUNTRY: JAPAN
TITLE: [Conditions suitable for chemotherapy of lung cancer]
PUBDATE: 19830801
The influence of several factors for response to Chemotherapy and survival was analysed in 310 patients with inoperable lung cancer who were treated by single or combination chemotherapy. In small cell lung cancer, survival was strongly affected by the results of induction chemotherapy, and combination chemotherapy with three or four drugs was most effective. In non-small cell lung cancer, performance status and body weight loss on admission were important factors for response to chemotherapy and survival. Combinations did not improve the response rate in non-small cell lung cancer.