0. DOCID:3466 SCORE: 0.00545840022442393
DOCNO: 888102
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Hypersensitivity, Delayed
DESCRIPTOR: Postoperative Complications
QUALIFIER: immunology
AUTHOR: J B Pietsch JB
AUTHOR: J L Meakins JL
AUTHOR: L D MacLean LD
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Surgery.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: The delayed hypersensitivity response: application in clinical surgery.
PUBDATE: 19770901
Delayed hypersensitivity skin testing was performed on 520 surgical patients. Significantly higher incidences of sepsis and mortality (p less than 0.001) were found in the abnormal patients as compared to normal responders in the preoperative (322 patients), postoperative and post-trauma (115 patients), and nonoperative (83 patients) groups. Sequential testing in individual patients was of even greater prognostic value. Of the 177 patients who either remained normal or whose responses became normal, the sepsis rate was 10.1%, and the mortality rate was 8.4%. However, a sepsis rate of 57.6% and a 78% mortality rate were found in those patients who developed abnormal responses or whose responses did not improve. Cancer and increased age (older than 80 years) did not account for the incidence of anergy and relative anergy. The mortality rate was higher in the cancer group. Anergy and relative anergy were found to be associated with malnutrition, sepsis, shock, and trauma. In the clinical setting, effective treatment of these associated conditions, especially the maintenance of body cell mass by the use of total parenteral nutrition, was associated with reversal of the anergic state and an improved prognosis.

1. DOCID:2988 SCORE: 0.00508319224344904
DOCNO: 402201
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: radiotherapy
QUALIFIER: radiotherapy
AUTHOR: J G Pearson JG
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: The present status and future potential of radiotherapy in the management of esophageal cancer.
PUBDATE: 19770201
The management of 2032 patients with squamous esophageal cancer seen in Edinburgh from 1931 to 1969 was studied. Since 1949 more radical surgical treatment has been offered and since 1956 more radical radiotherapy. From 1949 to 1969 there has been a swing over from mainly surgical to mainly radiation treatment associated with a rise in the overall one and five-year survival rates to 32% and 9% respectively. The main reason for failure is the prevalence of disseminated disease. The significant mortality of surgical treatment limits its usefulness. Too often, radiotherapy fails because of recurrence of tumor within the irradiated volume. In the upper 2/3 of the esophagus irradiation is preferable to surgery because of better sirvoval. In the lower 1/3 the two methods achieve similar long term survival but following irradiation the short term survival is better and the patient retains a normal stomach. Improvement could be achieved by prevention, earlier diagnosis, improved tumor delineation and a wide range of measures to improve the local effectiveness of irradiation.

2. DOCID:2781 SCORE: 0.00385026935349113
DOCNO: 1174852
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: complications
QUALIFIER: complications
QUALIFIER: complications
AUTHOR: M Caplin M
AUTHOR: F Festenstein F
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: British medical journal.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Relation between lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, and airways obstruction.
PUBDATE: 19750901
Since cigarette smoking is an important cause of lung cancer and chronic bronchitis both conditions should occur together more often in cigarette smokers than would result from chance. If they do commonly occur together then severe airways obstruction, which is often associated with chronic bronchitis, should also be often associated with lung cancer. To discover whether this were so three groups of patients were studied at the London Chest Hospital. Two hundred men and 43 women who presented with lung cancer provided information on the prevalence of defined chronic bronchitis and airways obstruction in those suffering from lung cancer. The third group consisted of 233 men presenting with defined chronic bronchitis who were kept under observation to discover how many would die from lung cancer. The results suggested that simple bronchitis and lung cancer often occur together but that obstructive bronchitis and lung cancer do not often occur together. The lack of association between lung cancer and severe airways obstruction requires an explanation.

3. DOCID:2724 SCORE: 0.00333378674769768
DOCNO: 1186792
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: adverse effects
QUALIFIER: chemically induced
AUTHOR: K J Ryan KJ
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The New England journal of medicine.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Editorial: Cancer risk and estrogen use in the menopause.
PUBDATE: 19751201
A cancer-inducing role for endogenous estrogens has been confounded by increased evidence of human female breast and endometrial cancer after the menopause when estrogen production is decreasing. The endocrine change occurring after the menopause is a shift from estradiol-17-Beta of ovarian origin to estrone synthesized in the periphery. Reports have indicated that a risk of endometrial cancer is considerably higher in menopausal women and up to 5 times higher in women taking estrogen. Thromboembolism, coronary disease and stroke are estrogen-related risks which appear age and dose-dependent. When the putative cancer risk is added to these risks, estrogens become agents which should be used with care. Risks such as prior thromboembolic events, migraine headaches, a family history of cancer or excessive smoking should be considered as contraindications to estrogen use. All these factors contribute to the need for more research and knowledge in the area of the altered hormonal state of the untreated menopause.

4. DOCID:1142 SCORE: 0.00305118482505069
DOCNO: 1216392
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Gallbladder Neoplasms
AUTHOR: A E Dmitriev AE
AUTHOR: A S Tatevosian AS
AUTHOR: V A Oranskiĭ VA
AUTHOR: N G Sal'kova NG
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Vestnik khirurgii imeni I. I. Grekova.
COUNTRY: USSR
TITLE: [Clinical course and diagnosis of cancer of the gallbladder]
PUBDATE: 19751201
Basing on clinical observations over 51 patients with cancer of the gallbladder the authors support the opinion of many medical researchers that, in most cases, the disease develop with cholelithiasis in the background. To establish the diagnosis of cancer of the bladder prior to surgery is possible only taking into account the complex of manifestations in patients with a persistant anamnesis of cholelithiasis. The mortality rate is high. One of the effective prophylactic measures against development of the bladder cancer is felt to be an early operative treatment for cholelithiasis and its complications.

5. DOCID:1160 SCORE: 0.00305118237055336
DOCNO: 817700
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: blood supply
QUALIFIER: blood supply
QUALIFIER: blood supply
QUALIFIER: pathology
QUALIFIER: complications
AUTHOR: E Olszewski E
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Archives of otolaryngology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Vascularization of ossified cartilage and the spread of cancer in the larynx.
PUBDATE: 19760401
Twenty specimens for laryngectomy in extensive cancer of the larynx were examined after injecting the blood vessels with silicone rubber. The behavior of the vessels during the process of destruction of the laryngeal cartilages by the neoplasm were evaluated, as was the part played by the vascular system in spreading cancer in the larynx and its passage beyond the anatomical borders of this organ. Cartilages are damaged by cancer mainly in ossified and vascularized sites. The nonossified and avascular cartilages, on the contrary, are maintained in an almost unchanged condition amid the extensive tumorous masses surrounding them.

6. DOCID:2677 SCORE: 0.00289305936586858
DOCNO: 48728
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: complications
QUALIFIER: mortality
AUTHOR: A R Dyer AR
AUTHOR: J Stamler J
AUTHOR: D M Berkson DM
AUTHOR: H A Lindberg HA
AUTHOR: E Stevens E
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Lancet.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: High blood-pressure: a risk factor for cancer mortality?
PUBDATE: 19750501
Univariate and multivariate analyses have been made of the relationship of systolic and diastolic blood-pressure measured at study entry to subsequent 14-year mortality among 1233 White males originally age 40-59 in 1958 from the Chicago Peoples Gas Company prospective study. With age, serum-cholesterol, and cigarettes per day controlled, both elevated systolic and electaed diastolic blood-pressure in 1958 were found to be strongly related to subsequent mortality from cancer in the men of this study. The possibility that this finding was due either to an association between antihypertensive medication in general, and cancer, or to an association was found that could explain the excess cancer mortality among those with elevated blood-pressure in 1958, either with medication in general, or with reserpine and rauwolfia in particular. These findings thus pose the question, is high blood-pressure associated with an increased risk of death due to cancer?

7. DOCID:3341 SCORE: 0.00276643525032194
DOCNO: 1088947
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Aging
DESCRIPTOR: Models, Biological
AUTHOR: L Hayflick L
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
PUBTYPE: Review
JOURNALTITLE: Federation proceedings.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Current theories of biological aging.
PUBDATE: 19750101
Several lines of evidence have led to the notion that biological aging occurs as a result of changes in the information-containing molecules either at the genetic or epigenetic level. The error theory, the redundant message theory, the codon restriction theory, and the transcriptional event theory represent the major current conceptualizations of biological aging as held by most gerontologists. The finding that cultured normal human and animal cells undergo a finite number of population doublings in vitro has provided new insights into age changes at the cellular level. The number of mitotic events that cultured normal animal cells can undergo appears to be inversely related to the age of the donor. A direct proportionality exists, however, between the mean maximum life-span of a species and the number of population doublings that their cultured embryonic cells will undergo. The several biochemical decrements known to occur prior to the cessation of mitotic activity in vitro are thought to herald those manifestations of senescence seen in the whole animal. Yet to be explained is how those cell classes such as the germ plasm and continuously propagable cancer cells escape from the inevitability of biological aging.

8. DOCID:3334 SCORE: 0.00276643524975691
DOCNO: 1160970
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Breast Neoplasms
QUALIFIER: blood
QUALIFIER: blood
AUTHOR: B R Henderson BR
AUTHOR: V Gerkins V
AUTHOR: I Rosario I
AUTHOR: J Casagrande J
AUTHOR: M C Pike MC
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The New England journal of medicine.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Elevated serum levels of estrogen and prolactin in daughters of patients with breast cancer.
PUBDATE: 19751001
Demographic risk factors in sisters and daughters of 150 patients with breast cancer were compared to those of controls. Plasma hormone levels in 36 teen-age daughters of patients and 31 controls were also studied to ascertain whether an "abnormal" hormone pattern underlies these risk factors. The patients' sisters had, on the average, menarche four months earlier and first full-term pregnancy 12 months later than the controls. The patients' daughters did not show these differences -- apparently owing to low fertility in the patients with early menarche. The patients' daughters had higher 22d-day estradiol-plus-estrone levels than controls (24.4 vs. 19.1 ng per 100 ml, P less than 0.05). Sixth-day prolactin was also elevated (19.0 vs. 14.2 ng per 100 ml, P less than 0.05). About half the patients' daughters could clearly be distinguished from the controls' daughters by means of the sixth-day information on both estrogens and prolactin. Hypersecretion of these hormones may be important factors in breast cancer.

9. DOCID:721 SCORE: 0.00252771045616783
DOCNO: 1166304
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: therapy
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: therapy
AUTHOR: M Dole M
AUTHOR: F R Wilson FR
AUTHOR: W P Fife WP
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Science.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Hyperbaric hydrogen therapy: a possible treatment for cancer.
PUBDATE: 19751001
Hairless albino mice with squamous cell carcinoma were exposed to a mixture of 2.5 percent oxygen and 97.5 percent hydrogen at a total pressure of 8 atmospheres for periods up to 2 weeks in order to see if a free radical decay catalyzer, such as hydrogen, would cause a regression of the skin tumors. Marked aggression of the tumors was found, leading to the possibility that hyperbaric hydrogen therapy might also prove to be of significance in the treatment of other types of cancer.

10. DOCID:1352 SCORE: 0.00248615220284052
DOCNO: 183296
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: pathology
QUALIFIER: pathology
QUALIFIER: pathology
QUALIFIER: pathology
AUTHOR: J Smith J
AUTHOR: W S Payne WS
AUTHOR: J A Carney JA
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Surgery, gynecology & obstetrics.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Involvement of the nipple and areola in carcinoma of the breast.
PUBDATE: 19761001
The records of all patients in whom a mastectomy was performed for carcinoma of the breast at this clinic during a recent two year period were reviewed, and the gross specimens were re-examined to study the incidence of cancerous involvement of the nipple and areola and related local clinical findings. Cancer was present in the nipple or areola, or both, in 12.2 per cent of the specimens. When the nipple and areola were clinically normal, involvement of the nipple and areola by carcinoma was rare if the primary tumor was less than 2 centimeters in diameter and was not situated behind the areola.

11. DOCID:2128 SCORE: 0.00248559930296392
DOCNO: 166761
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: pharmacology
QUALIFIER: pharmacology
QUALIFIER: chemically induced
QUALIFIER: drug effects
QUALIFIER: pharmacology
QUALIFIER: pharmacology
QUALIFIER: pharmacology
AUTHOR: V M Craddock VM
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Chemico-biological interactions.
COUNTRY: NETHERLANDS
TITLE: Effect of a single treatment with the alkylating carcinogens dimethynitrosamine, diethylnitrosamine and methyl methanesulphonate, on liver regenerating after partial hepatectomy. I. Test for induction of liver carcinomas.
PUBDATE: 19750501
A single injection of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), 12.0-15.6 mg-kg, given to 100 g female rats 24 h after partial hepatectomy, induced hepatocellular carcinoma. No animals receiving DMN without partial hepatectomy developed liver carcinomas. Previous evidence had suggested that the incidence of tumours was highest when DMN was administered during the wave of DNA replication which follows partial hepatectomy. The present experiments made this suggestive evidence statistically significant. A single treatment with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced liver cell cancer when given to intact or to partially hepatectomised rats. No tumors developed when another alkylating carcinogen, methyl methanesulphonate (MMS), was administered after partial hepatectomy. The significance of these results in relation to the mechanism of initiation of carcinogenesis is discussed.

12. DOCID:2235 SCORE: 0.00248506352848924
DOCNO: 851955
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Genes
QUALIFIER: genetics
AUTHOR: N L Petrakis NL
AUTHOR: M C King MC
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Genetic markers and cancer epidemiology.
PUBDATE: 19770401
The study of potential associations between genetic markers and various cancers has a long history in cancer epidemiology. Such investigations are subject to serious problems of statistical significance and the choice of appropriate control populations. A promising future for the use of human population genetics in cancer epidemiology may be in the investigation of genetic markers (such as the HL-A complex) which code for proteins of potential immunological or physiological importance in susceptibility or resistance to cancer. The cerumen gentic marker has played a central part in a hypothesis formulated in our laboratory for the etiology of breast cancer. A second new development in this field is likely to be the investigation of genetic markers in families with high incidence of cancer. Such families permit the simultaneous study of genetic hypotheses of cancer inheritance and the association of marker genotypes with cancer through segregation and linkage analysis.

13. DOCID:749 SCORE: 0.00217860120006193
DOCNO: 47905
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Cytodiagnosis
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: C R Reddy CR
AUTHOR: V R Kameswari VR
AUTHOR: D Prahlad D
AUTHOR: C Ramulu C
AUTHOR: P G Reddy PG
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Journal of oral surgery (American Dental Association : 1965)
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Correlative study of exfoliative cytology and histopathology of oral carcinomas.
PUBDATE: 19750601
Cytology smears from 325 oral carcinomas were studied; the false-negative rate was 37%. Cancers of the floor of mouth exfoliated most malignant cells and those of the gingiva exofoliated the least. There was no correlation between the histologic grading, location, sex of the patient, and the result of the cytology smear. Oral exfoliative cytology should only be used as an adjunctive measure and is not a substitute for biopsy.

14. DOCID:1322 SCORE: 0.00192118774271056
DOCNO: 56602
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: complications
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
AUTHOR: J E Devitt JE
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Lancet.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Breast cancer and preceding clinical benign breast disorders. A chance association.
PUBDATE: 19760401
A review of 1059 patients seen in office consultation from 1970 to 1975 for breast disorders revealed that patients with clinically benign disorders were six times as numerous as those with breast cancer. Only 11% of patients with breast cancer had had a previous benign breast-biopsy specimen and on average they were 20 years older than the peak age for benign clinical disease. Of the 163 patients with a previous benign breast-biopsy specimen only 14 (9%) had breast cancer compared with 13% in women without such a history. It is concluded that clinical benign breast disorders do not predispose patients to cancer, and such women should not be singled out for special study.