0. DOCID:3969 SCORE: 0.00470133812526194
DOCNO: 591617
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: blood
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: blood
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
QUALIFIER: metabolism
AUTHOR: L Hellman L
AUTHOR: H L Bradlow HL
AUTHOR: S Freed S
AUTHOR: J Levin J
AUTHOR: R S Rosenfeld RS
AUTHOR: W F Whitmore WF
AUTHOR: B Zumoff B
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: The effect of flutamide on testosterone metabolism and the plasma levels of androgens and gonadotropins.
PUBDATE: 19771201
Flutamide, a nonsteroidal antiandrogen, was given to 11 men with prostate cancer, in doses of 750 to 1500 mg daily for 0.5--7 months. Four patients had a clinical remission and seven showed no response. All the patients showed a profound change in the peripheral metabolism of testosterone: markedly increased conversion to androsterone (A) and correspondingly decreased conversion to etiocholanolone (E); the A/E ratio rose to levels never before observed consistently in any group of healthy or diseased humans. This change was probably due to alteration by flutamide of the relative activities of steroid 5alpha and 5beta reductase in favor of the former. 24-Hour mean plasma testosterone was increased in five of the six patients studied for this parameter, for the group as a whole, testosterone rose from 279 ng/dl to 484 ng/dl (P less than .05). 24-Hour mean values for plasma dihydrotestosterone, dehydroisoandrosterone, LH and FSH showed no significant change, for the group as a whole, in the same six patients. Since flutamide did not change the metabolic clearance rate or volume of distribution of testosterone tracers, the increased plasma levels of the hormone were probably due to increased production.

1. DOCID:3677 SCORE: 0.00401243089326898
DOCNO: 835783
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: surgery
QUALIFIER: surgery
AUTHOR: N B Ackerman NB
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: American journal of surgery.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Primary arterial ligation in resection of cancer of the colon. Rational and technic.
PUBDATE: 19770101
The dynamics of arterial, venous, and lymphatic flow in the mesentery were studied in dogs, using an electromagnetic flowmeter for the blood and cannulation and gravimetric measurement for the lymph. Ligation of veins caused an increased venous outflow in adjacent veins and a marked increase in lymph flow. When marginal vessels were ligated, eliminating the major collateral flow, venous flow decreased, but elevated lymph flow persisted. Simultaneous ligation of arteries and veins resulted in increases of both arterial and venous flow in adjacent vessels. Lymph flow decreased unless excessive arterial collateral flow persisted. When collateral marginal vessel flow was occluded, adjacent venous and arterial blood flow decreased to control levels. With arterial ligation, collateral arterial blood flow increased slightly, but venous and lymph flow decreased sharply. When collateral marginal vessels were eliminated, adjacent arterial blood flow decreased to control levels and venous flow virtually stopped. As a result of these studies, the technic of early primary arterial ligation followed by marginal vessel ligation appears to be the most satisfactory procedure for decreasing venous and lymphatic outflow and hopefully avoiding dissemination of cancer cells during the operation. This technic is now being used as a modification of the "no touch" technic for cancer of the colon.

2. DOCID:3694 SCORE: 0.00396936655957159
DOCNO: 972259
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: etiology
QUALIFIER: etiology
QUALIFIER: adverse effects
AUTHOR: L Tanenbaum L
AUTHOR: J A Parrish JA
AUTHOR: H A Haynes HA
AUTHOR: T B Fitzpatrick TB
AUTHOR: M A Pathak MA
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The Journal of investigative dermatology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Prolonged ultraviolet light-induced erythema and the cutaneous carcinoma phenotype.
PUBDATE: 19761001
A considerable amount of evidence exists in support of the role of ultraviolet radiation as a major etiologic factor in human skin cancer, both melanoma and carcinoma types. On the basis of epidemiologic studies a phenotype has been described which helps to identify the persons who are more susceptible to skin cancer. In an attempt to further define this population, patients with cutaneous carcinoma and a normal control group were exposed to artificial ultraviolet light (UVL) and the erythema and tanning responses of each group were measured over a 21-day period. UVL-induced erythema was prolonged in a significantly higher percentage of patients with skin cancer than in control patients, lasting two to three weeks after single exposures to 6 and 8 times the patient's minimal erythema dose. The presence of prolonged erythema correlated with this history of previous skin cancer but did not correlate with other established risk factors for cutaneous carcinoma, i.e., fair skin, light hair and light eyes, easy sunburning and poor tanning, and Celtic ancestry. Prolonged erythema following UVL radiation may therefore represent an additional risk factor and help to identify the skin cancer-susceptible population.

3. DOCID:3531 SCORE: 0.00395350486443164
DOCNO: 61341
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Parity
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
QUALIFIER: urine
AUTHOR: P Cole P
AUTHOR: B MacMahon B
AUTHOR: J B Brown JB
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Lancet.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Oestrogen profiles of parous and nulliparous women.
PUBDATE: 19760901
Women who bear their first child at an early age have lower breast-cancer incidence-rates than do women who are older at first birth or who remain nulliparous. The urine "oestriol ratio", the concentration of oestriol relative to the sum of the concentrations of oestrone and oestradiol, is inversely related to a population's breast-cancer rate. To evaluate the relationship between these two breast-cancer risk indicators the urine oestriol ratio was determined for recently delivered uniparous women aged 19-23, 25-27, and 29-34 years and nulliparous women of comparable ages. In the follicular phase, the youngest parous women had an oestriol ratio 40% higher than, and significantly different from, the ratios of all other groups which were otherwise quite similar. In the luteal phase, the oestriol ratio of the youngest parous women was again distinctively raised and generally the oestriol ratios of parous women were higher than those of nulliparae. The results are not explained by differing frequencies of ovulation among the groups or by confounding from several breast-cancer risk indicators. These findings support the hypothesis that oestrogen metabolism, as reflected by the urine oestriol ratio, is a determinant of breast-cancer risk.

4. DOCID:3659 SCORE: 0.0038750194922148
DOCNO: 336944
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: analysis
QUALIFIER: immunology
QUALIFIER: surgery
AUTHOR: K Orita K
AUTHOR: T Mannami T
AUTHOR: M Yumura M
AUTHOR: S Hayashi S
AUTHOR: H Miwa H
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The Japanese journal of surgery.
COUNTRY: JAPAN
TITLE: Change of macrophage migration inhibitory factor: possible indicator for postoperative prognosis.
PUBDATE: 19770901
Sixty three cancer cases who received minimum of the removal of the main tumor constitute the subjects of the present study. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) of peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied using extirpated autochthonous tumor tissues as antigen and guinea-pig peritoneal exudative cells as indicator cells immediately before the operation and the fourth postoperative week. The results indicated that in those cases of relatively early stage, i.e. Stages I and II, whose tumor was believed to have been removed completely, MIF turned negative in 7/9 (77.8 per cent) after the operation, while in others with advanced cancer of Stage IV in which the tumor bearing tissue was probably not completely removed, MIF turned positive in most cases (13/17: 75.6 per cent) postoperatively, even though it was negative before the operation. In the cases of Stage III with cancer progressed to an intermediate degree, in about half of the cases (7/11: 63.6 per cent) MIF turned negative after the operation and in the other half (7/10: 70 per cent) MIF became positive postoperatively, suggesting that for MIF to persist the presence of certain amount of tumor tissue is necessary.

5. DOCID:3431 SCORE: 0.00378820603686314
DOCNO: 184539
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: B Montrieul B
AUTHOR: C Lafaye C
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: La semaine des hôpitaux : organe fondé par l'Association d'enseignement médical des hôpitaux de Paris.
COUNTRY: FRANCE
TITLE: [Cerebral metastases and their revealing forms in a series of 156 cases. Contribution of cerebral scintigraphy to the diagnosis and indications for surgery]
PUBDATE: 19760201
This series of 156 cases of brain metastases collected over a period of 14 years may be divided up into 65 considered as multiple following further investigation and thus refused for surgery, and 91 considered as simple and operated on. Our conclusions are very similar to those presented recently to the French Society of Neurosurgery. Emphasis is however placed on the frequency of metastases which are the first sign of cancer and thus resemble a cerebral tumour. Postoperatively the primary tumour continues to develop for it is often not found. Even under these conditions, a single metastasis should lead to operation and it may be distinguished from multiple metastases by a brain scan together with angiography which often permit not only the diagnosis of malignant tumour but also its secondary nature. The scan was positive in 85% of our 78 cases including 20 gamma-encephalographies and 58 angioscans. The diagnosis of metastases was possible in only 57% where as other authors have accorded more specificity to this investigation.

6. DOCID:3079 SCORE: 0.00361839758644164
DOCNO: 606629
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Liver Circulation
AUTHOR: S B Sherriff SB
AUTHOR: R C Smart RC
AUTHOR: I Taylor I
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Gut.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Clinical study of liver blood flow in man measured by 133Xe clearance after portal vein injection.
PUBDATE: 19771201
During the course of a clinical trial to assess the value of adjuvant liver perfusion of 5-fluorouracil after surgery for colorectal cancer, liver blood flow was measured in 14 patients. Access to the portal circulation was achieved by dilatation and cannulation of the obliterated umbilical vein. The clearance from the liver of a bolus of 133Xe was monitored using a gamma-ray camera so that blood flow from different areas of the liver could be calculated. The clearance curve of 133Xe was a double exponential of which the initial fast component accounted for a consistently high proportion of the total clearance. The perfusion studies have shown wide differences in blood flow to the various areas of the liver in the same patient, in addition to a wide variation in perfusion rate between the 14 patients. This technique of quantitative estimations of liver blood flow to different areas of the liver may have importance in planning operative procedures and understanding the haemodynamic mechanisms involved in liver disease.

7. DOCID:3259 SCORE: 0.00332302279600284
DOCNO: 832235
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
AUTHOR: J D Bearden JD
AUTHOR: C A Coltman CA
AUTHOR: T E Moon TE
AUTHOR: J J Costanzi JJ
AUTHOR: J H Saiki JH
AUTHOR: S P Balcerzak SP
AUTHOR: S E Rivkin SE
AUTHOR: F S Morrison FS
AUTHOR: M Lane M
AUTHOR: S C Spigel SC
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Combination chemotherapy using cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, and prednisone in solid tumors.
PUBDATE: 19770101
Three hundred and ninety-eight patients with disseminated solid tumors other than breast cancer, were treated with a combination chemotherapy protocol utilizing cyclophosphamide, vincristine sulfate, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, and prednisone. Three hundred and eighty were evaluable (95.5%). Partial or complete tumor regressions were noted in 73 of 380 (19%) evaluable patients. Response to therapy was associated with a prolongation and survival. The largest tumor categories were lung, ovary, and gastrointestinal. The proportion of complete plus partial responses in evaluable lung cancer patients was 40/236 (17%), compared to 20/44 (45%) for ovarian cancer patients and 6/39 (15%) for gastrointestinal tumors. Of the patients who could be evaluated for toxicity, 47% had minimal or no toxicity, 51% had moderate to severe toxicity, and 2% had life threatening toxicity. Virtually all patients were treated and managed as outpatients.

8. DOCID:3080 SCORE: 0.00324914746768846
DOCNO: 340033
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
AUTHOR: M D Abeloff MD
AUTHOR: D S Ettinger DS
PUBTYPE: Clinical Trial
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer treatment reports.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Treatment of metastatic breast cancer with adriamycin-cyclophosphamide induction followed by alternating combination therapy.
PUBDATE: 19771201
Thirty-four patients with metastatic breast cancer and no prior chemotherapy were treated with an induction regimen of four courses of adriamycin-cyclophosphamide followed by a fixed sequence of three courses of methotrexate-5-fluorouracil alternating with each course of adriamycin-cyclophosphamide. In this protocol, adriamycin can be administered for a minimum of 18 months before the dose of 550 mg/m2 is reached. The objective response rate was 56% (19 of 34 patients) with three complete responses and 16 partial responses. The median duration of response is 219 days and six of 19 patients remain in remission. The median survival of responders is 469 days while the nonresponders and progressors have a median survival of 273 days. The chemotherapy was administered in the outpatient department and was well tolerated. The scheduling of drugs in this study does not appear to result in significantly different response rates, duration of responses, or survival compared to those protocols in which these drugs are administered simultaneously.

9. DOCID:3864 SCORE: 0.00323506851063968
DOCNO: 1105174
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
AUTHOR: B Fisher B
AUTHOR: P Carbone P
AUTHOR: S G Economou SG
AUTHOR: R Frelick R
AUTHOR: A Glass A
AUTHOR: H Lerner H
AUTHOR: C Redmond C
AUTHOR: M Zelen M
AUTHOR: P Band P
AUTHOR: D L Katrych DL
AUTHOR: N Wolmark N
AUTHOR: E R Fisher ER
PUBTYPE: Clinical Trial
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
PUBTYPE: Randomized Controlled Trial
JOURNALTITLE: The New England journal of medicine.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: 1-Phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM) in the management of primary breast cancer. A report of early findings.
PUBDATE: 19750101
Prolonged 1-phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM) administration as an adjuvant to mastectomy in the management of patients with primary breast cancer and pathologically positive axillary nodes was evaluated by a prospective, randomized, clinical trial. Treatment failures occurred in 22 per cent of 108 patients receiving placebo and 9.7 per cent of 103 women given L-PAM (p = 0.01). A statistically significant difference (p = 0.02) existed in favor of L-PAM relative to disease-free interval. In premenopausal women, the difference with respect to disease-free interval of treated and control groups was highly significant (p = 0.008). A treatment failure occurred in 30 per cent of premenopausal patients receiving placebo and 3 per cent of those treated with L-PAM (p = 0.008). Whereas a similar trend was observed in postmenopausal patients, the difference is not statistically significant. Thus, L-PAM has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of women with primary breast cancer, particularly those who are premenopausal. Results were achieved with minimal undesirable side effects.

10. DOCID:3587 SCORE: 0.00301480742394538
DOCNO: 69507
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: analysis
QUALIFIER: blood
QUALIFIER: analysis
AUTHOR: C Teasdale C
AUTHOR: A M Mander AM
AUTHOR: R Fifield R
AUTHOR: J W Keyser JW
AUTHOR: R G Newcombe RG
AUTHOR: L E Hughes LE
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.
COUNTRY: NETHERLANDS
TITLE: Serum beta2-microglobulin in controls and cancer patients.
PUBDATE: 19770701
Serum beta2-microglobulin levels have been measured in 210 cancer and control patients to assess the significance of this investigation in cancer patients. Subjects studied included patients with breast and gastrointestinal cancer, corresponding control patients in both categories, and healthy volunteers. The composition of these groups allowed an assessment of the relative importance of changes related to cancer, benign disease, age and sex. A significant rise in serum beta2-microglobulin levels with advancing age was demonstrated in the control subjects. Mean levels were also consistently higher in females than in males in each patient group. After statistical correction for these age and sex effects, mean values remained significantly higher in each of the various cancer groups than in their controls. Patients with more advanced breast cancer had higher levels than those with 'early' disease, as did patients with stomach cancer compared to those with colo-rectal cancer. One possible interpretation is that levels increase with increasing tumour bulk, and therefore the estimation of serum beta2-microglobulin may be useful as one of a battery of tests in the management of cancer patients.

11. DOCID:2715 SCORE: 0.00297882765224681
DOCNO: 975086
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Hypersensitivity, Immediate
QUALIFIER: immunology
AUTHOR: J Allegra J
AUTHOR: A Lipton A
AUTHOR: H Harvey H
AUTHOR: J Luderer J
AUTHOR: D Brenner D
AUTHOR: R Mortel R
AUTHOR: L Demers L
AUTHOR: M Gillin M
AUTHOR: D White D
AUTHOR: J Trautlein J
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer research.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Decreased prevalence of immediate hypersensitivity (atopy) in a cancer population.
PUBDATE: 19760901
It has been suggested that the atopic population has decreased risk of cancer. This investigation examined the cumulative prevalence of atopy in a population with neoplastic disease and compared this with the prevalence of atopy in an age-matched control group and with published estimates of atopy in the general peopulation. Seventy-four patients with neoplastic disease and 86 patients without cancer were evaluated. The subjects were given a standard allergic questionnaire which evaluated them with regard to a history of allergic symptoms, hives, eczema, frequent colds, frequent unexplained rashes, hay fever, and asthma. All were skin tested with a representative group of regionally significant allergens. There was a 15-fold decrease in prevalence of atopy in the cancer population, compared with the control group and compared with published estimates of atopy in the general population.

12. DOCID:2727 SCORE: 0.00297597734224253
DOCNO: 48253
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Heat
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
AUTHOR: G M Hahn GM
AUTHOR: J Braun J
AUTHOR: I Har-Kedar I
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Thermochemotherapy: synergism between hyperthermia (42-43 degrees) and adriamycin (of bleomycin) in mammalian cell inactivation.
PUBDATE: 19750301
The sensitivity of cells exposed in vitro to the antibiotics bleomycin or adriamycin is only mildly increased at 41 degrees over that seen at 37 degrees. However, at 43 degrees a marked synergism between the effects of hyperthermia and drug is observed. This synergism can also be demonstrated to occur in solid tumors in vivo. Cells after bleomycin exposure at 37 degrees repair potentially lethal damage, and 43 degrees inhibits this repair. This inhibition may in part account also for the observed sensitization of the cells to bleomycin, but not to adriamycin, since for the latter no repair can be demonstrated. However, fluorescence measurements show that at 43 degrees much more adriamycin is able to enter the cells than at 37 degrees. The possible implications of the results for cancer treatment are discussed.

13. DOCID:3818 SCORE: 0.00297175150897458
DOCNO: 850433
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: surgery
AUTHOR: L B Housman LB
AUTHOR: L Bonchek L
AUTHOR: L Lambert L
AUTHOR: G Grunkemeier G
AUTHOR: A Starr A
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Prognosis of patients after open mitral commissurotomy. Actuarial analysis of late results in 100 patients.
PUBDATE: 19770501
The continuing controversy between proponents of open and closed commissurotomy might be clarified by analysis of late follow-up with modern actuarial techniques that provide a true perspective of patient risk. We have used open mitral commissurotomy exclusively for 15 years in 100 patients. There was one operative death from pancreatitis and one late death from cancer; the actuarially projected survival rate (+/- the standard error) at 10 years is 97 per cent (+/- 2). Thirteen patients had preoperative emboli, 6 of whom were in sinus rhythm and 7 in atrial fibrillation. Two patients had postoperative emboli, both in sinus rhythm. The actuarial chance of remaining free of embolism at 10 years is 97 per cent (+/- 2). Sixteen patients required reoperation on the mitral valve for functional deterioration. The remaining survivors were in Class I or II when last seen. The actuarial chance of not requiring a reoperation after 5 years is 91 per cent (+/- 4) and at 10 years, 38 per cent(+/- 16). Results in different centers are difficult to compare for many reasons, but imprecise statistical methods further obscure such comparisons. The use of actuarial techniques may help to define the role of open mitral commissurotomy.

14. DOCID:3993 SCORE: 0.0029175045782539
DOCNO: 1058474
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: metabolism
QUALIFIER: enzymology
QUALIFIER: pharmacology
AUTHOR: M W Bitensky MW
AUTHOR: M A Wheeler MA
AUTHOR: H Mehta H
AUTHOR: N Miki N
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Cholera toxin activation of adenylate cyclase in cancer cell membrane fragments.
PUBDATE: 19750701
Activation of adenylate [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1] by cholera toxin (84,000 daltons, 5.5 S) is demonstrated in plasma membrane fragments of mouse ascites cancer cells. The activation of adenylate cyclase is mediated by a macromolecular cyclase activating factor (MCAF), which has a sedimentation constant of 2.7 S and a molecular weight of about 26,000. MCAF is derived from, and may be identical to the "A fragment" of cholera toxin. Generation of MCAF depends on prior interaction of cholera toxin with either dithiothreitol, NADH, NAD, or a low-molecular-weight component (less than 700 daltons) present in cytoplasm. Subsequent exposure of this pretreated cholera toxin to cell membranes from a variety of mouse ascites cancer cells is followed rapidly by the appearance of MCAF, which no longer requires dithiothreitol, NADH, or NAD for the activation of adenylate cyclase. Activation of adenylate cyclase by MCAF in ascites cancer cell membrane fragments is not reversed by repeated washing of these membrane fragments. Adenylate cyclase in normal cell membrane fragments fails to respond either to cholera toxin or MCAF in the presence of dithiothreitol. In striking contrast, the adenylate cyclase in membrane fragments from five ascites cancer cells responds to either MCAF or native cholera toxin preincubated with dithiothreitol, NADH, or NAD.