0. DOCID:3969 SCORE: 0.00470133812526194
DOCNO: 591617
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: blood
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: blood
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
QUALIFIER: metabolism
AUTHOR: L Hellman L
AUTHOR: H L Bradlow HL
AUTHOR: S Freed S
AUTHOR: J Levin J
AUTHOR: R S Rosenfeld RS
AUTHOR: W F Whitmore WF
AUTHOR: B Zumoff B
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: The effect of flutamide on testosterone metabolism and the plasma levels of androgens and gonadotropins.
PUBDATE: 19771201
Flutamide, a nonsteroidal antiandrogen, was given to 11 men with prostate cancer, in doses of 750 to 1500 mg daily for 0.5--7 months. Four patients had a clinical remission and seven showed no response. All the patients showed a profound change in the peripheral metabolism of testosterone: markedly increased conversion to androsterone (A) and correspondingly decreased conversion to etiocholanolone (E); the A/E ratio rose to levels never before observed consistently in any group of healthy or diseased humans. This change was probably due to alteration by flutamide of the relative activities of steroid 5alpha and 5beta reductase in favor of the former. 24-Hour mean plasma testosterone was increased in five of the six patients studied for this parameter, for the group as a whole, testosterone rose from 279 ng/dl to 484 ng/dl (P less than .05). 24-Hour mean values for plasma dihydrotestosterone, dehydroisoandrosterone, LH and FSH showed no significant change, for the group as a whole, in the same six patients. Since flutamide did not change the metabolic clearance rate or volume of distribution of testosterone tracers, the increased plasma levels of the hormone were probably due to increased production.

1. DOCID:3677 SCORE: 0.00401243089326898
DOCNO: 835783
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: surgery
QUALIFIER: surgery
AUTHOR: N B Ackerman NB
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: American journal of surgery.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Primary arterial ligation in resection of cancer of the colon. Rational and technic.
PUBDATE: 19770101
The dynamics of arterial, venous, and lymphatic flow in the mesentery were studied in dogs, using an electromagnetic flowmeter for the blood and cannulation and gravimetric measurement for the lymph. Ligation of veins caused an increased venous outflow in adjacent veins and a marked increase in lymph flow. When marginal vessels were ligated, eliminating the major collateral flow, venous flow decreased, but elevated lymph flow persisted. Simultaneous ligation of arteries and veins resulted in increases of both arterial and venous flow in adjacent vessels. Lymph flow decreased unless excessive arterial collateral flow persisted. When collateral marginal vessel flow was occluded, adjacent venous and arterial blood flow decreased to control levels. With arterial ligation, collateral arterial blood flow increased slightly, but venous and lymph flow decreased sharply. When collateral marginal vessels were eliminated, adjacent arterial blood flow decreased to control levels and venous flow virtually stopped. As a result of these studies, the technic of early primary arterial ligation followed by marginal vessel ligation appears to be the most satisfactory procedure for decreasing venous and lymphatic outflow and hopefully avoiding dissemination of cancer cells during the operation. This technic is now being used as a modification of the "no touch" technic for cancer of the colon.

2. DOCID:3694 SCORE: 0.00396936655957159
DOCNO: 972259
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: etiology
QUALIFIER: etiology
QUALIFIER: adverse effects
AUTHOR: L Tanenbaum L
AUTHOR: J A Parrish JA
AUTHOR: H A Haynes HA
AUTHOR: T B Fitzpatrick TB
AUTHOR: M A Pathak MA
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The Journal of investigative dermatology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Prolonged ultraviolet light-induced erythema and the cutaneous carcinoma phenotype.
PUBDATE: 19761001
A considerable amount of evidence exists in support of the role of ultraviolet radiation as a major etiologic factor in human skin cancer, both melanoma and carcinoma types. On the basis of epidemiologic studies a phenotype has been described which helps to identify the persons who are more susceptible to skin cancer. In an attempt to further define this population, patients with cutaneous carcinoma and a normal control group were exposed to artificial ultraviolet light (UVL) and the erythema and tanning responses of each group were measured over a 21-day period. UVL-induced erythema was prolonged in a significantly higher percentage of patients with skin cancer than in control patients, lasting two to three weeks after single exposures to 6 and 8 times the patient's minimal erythema dose. The presence of prolonged erythema correlated with this history of previous skin cancer but did not correlate with other established risk factors for cutaneous carcinoma, i.e., fair skin, light hair and light eyes, easy sunburning and poor tanning, and Celtic ancestry. Prolonged erythema following UVL radiation may therefore represent an additional risk factor and help to identify the skin cancer-susceptible population.

3. DOCID:3531 SCORE: 0.00395350486443164
DOCNO: 61341
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Parity
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
QUALIFIER: urine
AUTHOR: P Cole P
AUTHOR: B MacMahon B
AUTHOR: J B Brown JB
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Lancet.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Oestrogen profiles of parous and nulliparous women.
PUBDATE: 19760901
Women who bear their first child at an early age have lower breast-cancer incidence-rates than do women who are older at first birth or who remain nulliparous. The urine "oestriol ratio", the concentration of oestriol relative to the sum of the concentrations of oestrone and oestradiol, is inversely related to a population's breast-cancer rate. To evaluate the relationship between these two breast-cancer risk indicators the urine oestriol ratio was determined for recently delivered uniparous women aged 19-23, 25-27, and 29-34 years and nulliparous women of comparable ages. In the follicular phase, the youngest parous women had an oestriol ratio 40% higher than, and significantly different from, the ratios of all other groups which were otherwise quite similar. In the luteal phase, the oestriol ratio of the youngest parous women was again distinctively raised and generally the oestriol ratios of parous women were higher than those of nulliparae. The results are not explained by differing frequencies of ovulation among the groups or by confounding from several breast-cancer risk indicators. These findings support the hypothesis that oestrogen metabolism, as reflected by the urine oestriol ratio, is a determinant of breast-cancer risk.

4. DOCID:3659 SCORE: 0.0038750194922148
DOCNO: 336944
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: analysis
QUALIFIER: immunology
QUALIFIER: surgery
AUTHOR: K Orita K
AUTHOR: T Mannami T
AUTHOR: M Yumura M
AUTHOR: S Hayashi S
AUTHOR: H Miwa H
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The Japanese journal of surgery.
COUNTRY: JAPAN
TITLE: Change of macrophage migration inhibitory factor: possible indicator for postoperative prognosis.
PUBDATE: 19770901
Sixty three cancer cases who received minimum of the removal of the main tumor constitute the subjects of the present study. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) of peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied using extirpated autochthonous tumor tissues as antigen and guinea-pig peritoneal exudative cells as indicator cells immediately before the operation and the fourth postoperative week. The results indicated that in those cases of relatively early stage, i.e. Stages I and II, whose tumor was believed to have been removed completely, MIF turned negative in 7/9 (77.8 per cent) after the operation, while in others with advanced cancer of Stage IV in which the tumor bearing tissue was probably not completely removed, MIF turned positive in most cases (13/17: 75.6 per cent) postoperatively, even though it was negative before the operation. In the cases of Stage III with cancer progressed to an intermediate degree, in about half of the cases (7/11: 63.6 per cent) MIF turned negative after the operation and in the other half (7/10: 70 per cent) MIF became positive postoperatively, suggesting that for MIF to persist the presence of certain amount of tumor tissue is necessary.

5. DOCID:3431 SCORE: 0.00378820603686314
DOCNO: 184539
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: B Montrieul B
AUTHOR: C Lafaye C
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: La semaine des hôpitaux : organe fondé par l'Association d'enseignement médical des hôpitaux de Paris.
COUNTRY: FRANCE
TITLE: [Cerebral metastases and their revealing forms in a series of 156 cases. Contribution of cerebral scintigraphy to the diagnosis and indications for surgery]
PUBDATE: 19760201
This series of 156 cases of brain metastases collected over a period of 14 years may be divided up into 65 considered as multiple following further investigation and thus refused for surgery, and 91 considered as simple and operated on. Our conclusions are very similar to those presented recently to the French Society of Neurosurgery. Emphasis is however placed on the frequency of metastases which are the first sign of cancer and thus resemble a cerebral tumour. Postoperatively the primary tumour continues to develop for it is often not found. Even under these conditions, a single metastasis should lead to operation and it may be distinguished from multiple metastases by a brain scan together with angiography which often permit not only the diagnosis of malignant tumour but also its secondary nature. The scan was positive in 85% of our 78 cases including 20 gamma-encephalographies and 58 angioscans. The diagnosis of metastases was possible in only 57% where as other authors have accorded more specificity to this investigation.

6. DOCID:7453 SCORE: 0.00367491007195241
DOCNO: 7438698
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: surgery
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
AUTHOR: R F Kaiko RF
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Age and morphine analgesia in cancer patients with postoperative pain.
PUBDATE: 19801201
Our objective was to identify age-related differences in analgesia after 8 and 16 mg morphine intramuscularly. Retrospective analyses of controlled relative analgesic potency assays in 947 postoperative cancer patients revealed differences among age groups (18 to 29, 30 to 49, 50 to 69, and 70 to 89 yr) in total pain relief and duration of relief with little differences in peak relief. Weight and initial pain intensity were in the same range among age and dose groups. Aging was associated with enhanced analgesia. The difference in total relief between the extremes of adult age was approximately twice that with twice the dose. While in 50% of the oldest group relief was no longer obtained at 5 hr, in 50% of the youngest group relief was no longer obtained at 3 hr. These observations suggest that age is a factor in morphine analgesia.

7. DOCID:3079 SCORE: 0.00361839758644164
DOCNO: 606629
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Liver Circulation
AUTHOR: S B Sherriff SB
AUTHOR: R C Smart RC
AUTHOR: I Taylor I
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Gut.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Clinical study of liver blood flow in man measured by 133Xe clearance after portal vein injection.
PUBDATE: 19771201
During the course of a clinical trial to assess the value of adjuvant liver perfusion of 5-fluorouracil after surgery for colorectal cancer, liver blood flow was measured in 14 patients. Access to the portal circulation was achieved by dilatation and cannulation of the obliterated umbilical vein. The clearance from the liver of a bolus of 133Xe was monitored using a gamma-ray camera so that blood flow from different areas of the liver could be calculated. The clearance curve of 133Xe was a double exponential of which the initial fast component accounted for a consistently high proportion of the total clearance. The perfusion studies have shown wide differences in blood flow to the various areas of the liver in the same patient, in addition to a wide variation in perfusion rate between the 14 patients. This technique of quantitative estimations of liver blood flow to different areas of the liver may have importance in planning operative procedures and understanding the haemodynamic mechanisms involved in liver disease.

8. DOCID:7595 SCORE: 0.00352160714940418
DOCNO: 667820
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: biosynthesis
QUALIFIER: metabolism
QUALIFIER: metabolism
QUALIFIER: biosynthesis
AUTHOR: J Vaage J
AUTHOR: S Agarwal S
AUTHOR: J L Reinertsen JL
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer research.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Effect of progressive neoplastic growth on the decarboxylation of DL-[1-14C]ornithine by lymphocytes from C3H/He tumor hosts.
PUBDATE: 19780801
The reactivity of normal and tumor host lymphocytes incubated with normal serum or with serum or malignant ascites fluid from tumor hosts was measured by the ability of the lymphocytes to synthesize ornithine decarboxylase after phytohemagglutinin stimulation. Each of three tumors tested (a solid fibrosarcoma, an ascites mammary carcinoma, and an ascites ovarian carcinoma) caused increasing unresponsiveness in the lymphocytes of mice with progressing syngeneic neoplastic growth. The sera and particularly the malignant ascites fluids from mice given implants of the ascites cancers became progressively inhibitory to the activation of lymphocytes from tumor hosts as well as from normal mice. The serum from mice carrying s.c. implants of the fibrosarcoma enhanced the activation of lymphocytes from tumor hosts and from normal mice during early tumor growth before it also became inhibitory.

9. DOCID:3259 SCORE: 0.00332302279600284
DOCNO: 832235
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
AUTHOR: J D Bearden JD
AUTHOR: C A Coltman CA
AUTHOR: T E Moon TE
AUTHOR: J J Costanzi JJ
AUTHOR: J H Saiki JH
AUTHOR: S P Balcerzak SP
AUTHOR: S E Rivkin SE
AUTHOR: F S Morrison FS
AUTHOR: M Lane M
AUTHOR: S C Spigel SC
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Combination chemotherapy using cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, and prednisone in solid tumors.
PUBDATE: 19770101
Three hundred and ninety-eight patients with disseminated solid tumors other than breast cancer, were treated with a combination chemotherapy protocol utilizing cyclophosphamide, vincristine sulfate, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, and prednisone. Three hundred and eighty were evaluable (95.5%). Partial or complete tumor regressions were noted in 73 of 380 (19%) evaluable patients. Response to therapy was associated with a prolongation and survival. The largest tumor categories were lung, ovary, and gastrointestinal. The proportion of complete plus partial responses in evaluable lung cancer patients was 40/236 (17%), compared to 20/44 (45%) for ovarian cancer patients and 6/39 (15%) for gastrointestinal tumors. Of the patients who could be evaluated for toxicity, 47% had minimal or no toxicity, 51% had moderate to severe toxicity, and 2% had life threatening toxicity. Virtually all patients were treated and managed as outpatients.

10. DOCID:7928 SCORE: 0.0032951406069967
DOCNO: 83401
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: analogs & derivatives
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
AUTHOR: Y Matsumura Y
AUTHOR: Y Nomura Y
AUTHOR: S Eguchi S
AUTHOR: T Yanagita T
PUBTYPE: Case Reports
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The Japanese journal of antibiotics.
COUNTRY: JAPAN
TITLE: [Histological appearances of cancer of the head and neck treated with pepleomycin (NK 631) (author's transl)]
PUBDATE: 19781101
Clinical findings and histopathological appearances in the patients with cancer of the head and neck treated with a new anti-tumor agent, pepleomycin, are reported. The total dosage of the new drug was within 100 mg on the average; however, the responses to chemotherapy were considerably favorable in general. Pepleomycin was markedly effective in two patients, moderately effective in seven, and ineffective in one. Microscopic evidences of regression of cancer cells were demonstrated in six surgical materials. Pepleomycin was shown to have an even more selective action on squamous cell carcinoma than bleomycin. The reactions of the surrounding tissue and skin to combination therapy, including pepleomycin, remained comparable to those to bleomycin. Side effects of the drug were slight fever and transient anorexia. No fibrosis of the lung was seen during eight months of observation.

11. DOCID:7199 SCORE: 0.00329207847570701
DOCNO: 7272692
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Gastrectomy
QUALIFIER: surgery
AUTHOR: N J Lygidakis NJ
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The British journal of surgery.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Total gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma: a retrospective study of different procedures and assessment of a new technique of gastric reconstruction.
PUBDATE: 19810901
A retrospective study of the value of reconstructive surgery after total gastrectomy of gastric carcinoma in 118 patients who underwent different types of reconstructive procedures is presented. Dissatisfaction with established methods of reconstruction led to the development of a new technique. The new method was associated with less regurgitation, less dumping and functioned as a reservoir without undue delay in emptying time. It was associated with an improved quality of life in the postoperative period, with minimal dumping symptoms, maintenance of weight and the ability to return to work. The mortality and morbidity of the new method are acceptable and it thus offers not only an improved reconstructive procedure for total gastrectomy after resection for gastric cancer, but offers potential for reconstructive surgery after total gastrectomy carried out for other reasons.

12. DOCID:3080 SCORE: 0.00324914746768846
DOCNO: 340033
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
AUTHOR: M D Abeloff MD
AUTHOR: D S Ettinger DS
PUBTYPE: Clinical Trial
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer treatment reports.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Treatment of metastatic breast cancer with adriamycin-cyclophosphamide induction followed by alternating combination therapy.
PUBDATE: 19771201
Thirty-four patients with metastatic breast cancer and no prior chemotherapy were treated with an induction regimen of four courses of adriamycin-cyclophosphamide followed by a fixed sequence of three courses of methotrexate-5-fluorouracil alternating with each course of adriamycin-cyclophosphamide. In this protocol, adriamycin can be administered for a minimum of 18 months before the dose of 550 mg/m2 is reached. The objective response rate was 56% (19 of 34 patients) with three complete responses and 16 partial responses. The median duration of response is 219 days and six of 19 patients remain in remission. The median survival of responders is 469 days while the nonresponders and progressors have a median survival of 273 days. The chemotherapy was administered in the outpatient department and was well tolerated. The scheduling of drugs in this study does not appear to result in significantly different response rates, duration of responses, or survival compared to those protocols in which these drugs are administered simultaneously.

13. DOCID:3864 SCORE: 0.00323506851063968
DOCNO: 1105174
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
AUTHOR: B Fisher B
AUTHOR: P Carbone P
AUTHOR: S G Economou SG
AUTHOR: R Frelick R
AUTHOR: A Glass A
AUTHOR: H Lerner H
AUTHOR: C Redmond C
AUTHOR: M Zelen M
AUTHOR: P Band P
AUTHOR: D L Katrych DL
AUTHOR: N Wolmark N
AUTHOR: E R Fisher ER
PUBTYPE: Clinical Trial
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
PUBTYPE: Randomized Controlled Trial
JOURNALTITLE: The New England journal of medicine.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: 1-Phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM) in the management of primary breast cancer. A report of early findings.
PUBDATE: 19750101
Prolonged 1-phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM) administration as an adjuvant to mastectomy in the management of patients with primary breast cancer and pathologically positive axillary nodes was evaluated by a prospective, randomized, clinical trial. Treatment failures occurred in 22 per cent of 108 patients receiving placebo and 9.7 per cent of 103 women given L-PAM (p = 0.01). A statistically significant difference (p = 0.02) existed in favor of L-PAM relative to disease-free interval. In premenopausal women, the difference with respect to disease-free interval of treated and control groups was highly significant (p = 0.008). A treatment failure occurred in 30 per cent of premenopausal patients receiving placebo and 3 per cent of those treated with L-PAM (p = 0.008). Whereas a similar trend was observed in postmenopausal patients, the difference is not statistically significant. Thus, L-PAM has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of women with primary breast cancer, particularly those who are premenopausal. Results were achieved with minimal undesirable side effects.

14. DOCID:7237 SCORE: 0.00321575985484088
DOCNO: 7023668
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: analysis
QUALIFIER: analysis
QUALIFIER: analysis
AUTHOR: E Gurpide E
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
PUBTYPE: Review
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Hormone receptors in endometrial cancer.
PUBDATE: 19810701
Similarities between endometrial and mammary tissue as targets for ovarian hormones indicate that measurements of estradiol and progesterone receptor (RE and RP) levels may be as useful in endometrial cancer as they are in breast cancer for the prediction of responses to treatment with steroids and antiestrogens. Receptor levels cannot be inferred from the degree of differentiation of the endometrial tumors, although RP values are lower in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Current studies aim to relate RP levels to objective remissions of metastases after progestin therapy, and attempts are being made to increase RP with tamoxifen before treatment with progestins or assaying for RP. In vitro studies aim to elucidate fundamental problems related to the action of steroids on the tumors, e.g., mechanism by which receptors mediate the effects of pharmacologic doses of drugs, factors that regulate receptor levels, and homogeneity in the distribution of receptors in tumor cell populations.