0. DOCID:3989 SCORE: 0.00310001103756939
DOCNO: 61154
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: analysis
QUALIFIER: blood
QUALIFIER: analysis
AUTHOR: R Lamerz R
AUTHOR: U Schmalhorst U
AUTHOR: J Grunst J
AUTHOR: A Fateh-Moghadam A
AUTHOR: J Eisenburg J
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Fortschritte der Medizin.
COUNTRY: GERMANY, WEST
TITLE: [Significance of serum alpha-fetoprotein determination. Experiences with our own radioimmunoassay]
PUBDATE: 19760401
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was determined by a new radioimmunoassay in the sera of patients with different liver diseases. Compared to a normal group (n = 140, AFP levels below 15 ng/ml), most elevated AFP concentrations were found in 18 patients with primary liver cancer (PLC), 7 of whom showed Ouchterlony-positive levels (above 10,000 ng/ml). In 3 cases with liver cirrhosis, PLC was first suggested by high AFP levels between 1000 and 3600 ng/ml and later confirmed by histology. On the other hand, only 6 from 15 patients with other primary tumors and liver metastasis had AFP concentrations between 20 and 111 ng/ml. In 90% of 102 patients with liver cirrhosis AFP levels below 20 ng/ml were determined, while 13 cases showed elevated values up to 134 ng/ml. A transitory AFP increase between 20 and 238 ng/ml was seen in 32% of 63 cases in the early stage of acute hepatitis but 65% of 31 these cases in follow-up studies. 3 of 7 cases of chronic hepatitis gave similar results. The maximal AFP levels developed following the maximal transaminase activities by 5-18 days and coincided with a decrease of cholinesterase activity. The radioimmunological determination of AFP is recommended for earlier detection of the development of PLC in liver cirrhosis patients.


1. DOCID:3726 SCORE: 0.00246282730184909
DOCNO: 136108
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: mortality
AUTHOR: R Schmauz R
AUTHOR: M Holm-Hadulla M
PUBTYPE: Historical Article
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Zeitschrift für Krebsforschung und klinische Onkologie. Cancer research and clinical oncology.
COUNTRY: GERMANY, WEST
TITLE: Cancer mortality in Württemberg, 1910 and 1970.
PUBDATE: 19760901
The results of a special survey of cancer mortality statistics in selected areas of the Ober- and Unterland of Württemberg in the period 1908--1912 were compared with the official mortality statistics of the same region for 1969--1972. In the Oberland, formerly part of an area of high cancer mortality comprising the adjacent regions of Bavaria, Austria, Switzerland, and Baden, the overall cancer mortality showed a marked fall in both sexes. In the Unterland, where cancer mortality was previously low, the overall death rate increased in men and did not change in women. These variations are largely accounted for by changes in mortality from cancer of the stomach and bronchus. The death rates from gastric cancer observed around 1900 in the Oberland of Württemberg and adjacent regions of the neighbouring countries are among the highest recorded even in the world. Since the fall of gastric cancer noted is very marked and this disease is still the leading cause of death from cancer today, the Oberland of Württemberg seems to be uniquely suited for the search of environmental factors which associate with this decline. In theremainder of cancer sites changes over time were less striking and/or observed already in other countries.


2. DOCID:1910 SCORE: 0.00235826826716906
DOCNO: 898018
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Thoracoscopy
AUTHOR: L R Radigan LR
AUTHOR: J L Glover JL
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Surgery.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Thoracoscopy.
PUBDATE: 19771001
Poor results in the treatment of lung cancer have led to the development of several techniques designed to obtain tissue for diagnosis and to determine the feasibility of resection. Although mediastinoscopy has obtained great popularity, we have been dissatisfied with it because of the low yield of positive results and the attendant increases in length of operations and hospitalizations. We have modified the old technique of thoracoscopy, using a sterilized sigmoidoscope inserted through an intercostal space with the patient positioned and prepared for thoracotomy. Although most frequently used in patients with lung cancer, this procedure also has been helpful in patients with coin lesions, mediastinal tumors, and penetrating wounds of the chest. Although we agree that mediastinoscopy is useful in selected patients, we believe that thoracoscopy offers a greater number of patients a reliable means of obtaining the proper diagnosis more efficiently.


3. DOCID:3788 SCORE: 0.00224457304448816
DOCNO: 856456
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: etiology
QUALIFIER: adverse effects
AUTHOR: R S Paffenbarger RS
AUTHOR: E Fasal E
AUTHOR: M E Simmons ME
AUTHOR: J B Kampert JB
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Cancer risk as related to use of oral contraceptives during fertile years.
PUBDATE: 19770401
A case-control study of 452 breast cancer patients, aged less than 50 years, and 872 age-, race-, and religion-matched control patients generated relative risk estimates of breast cancer associated with oral contraceptive practices. The relative risk of breast cancer from ever-use of oral contraceptives was 1.1, not significant. Relative risks did not differ by age, interval since first use, interval since last use, or time periods in which steroid compounds differed in composition and potency. However, the relative risks of breast cancer from current use, from 2 to 4 years of ever-use, from 6 or more years of use by women with prior benign breast disease, and from use before first childbirth were increased significantly. The findings suggest the malignant process may be quickened if transformed cells are present during oral contraceptive use. Yet, the findings neither indicate that oral contraception induces breast cancer nor do they exonerate female steroid hormones. The findings do encourage continued surveillance of steroid contraception for cancer induction or promotion. In addition to duration of oral contraceptive use and other measures of dose response, future observations should pay especial attention to use by women before first childbirth and by women with already established benign breast disease.


4. DOCID:3941 SCORE: 0.00194520140540842
DOCNO: 243856
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Family Planning Services
DESCRIPTOR: Surgical Procedures, Operative
QUALIFIER: instrumentation
AUTHOR: P Young P
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Nursing mirror.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: NM goes to China:4.
PUBDATE: 19771201
Participants in a Nursing Mirror sponsored tour of China spent a day at the Tsinan Hospital and Medical College. They were permitted to watch 3 operations performed under traditional anesthesia. A thyroidictomy and removal of an ovarian cyst were performed under herbal anesthesia, and an operation for cancer of the esophagus was performed with acupuncture anesthesia. The patients were conscious throughout the procedures and appeared to be confortable. The herbal anesthesia was made by combining a substance derived from thorn apple flowers with a muscle relaxant. These traditional methods of anesthesia permitted the patients to cooperate with the surgeon during the operation. The patients suffered no after effects from the anesthesia, and the group was told that recovery time was shorter than when Western forms of anesthesia were used. The tour group also visited the nurses' training school and were informed that 1) there were 200 students currently enrolled in the school and 2) nursing training consisted of 1 1/2 years of academic work followed by 1/2 year of on the job training. The group discussed family planning services with hospital personnel and learned 1) IUD insertions were performed by trained midwives; 2) midwives conducted childbirth classes for pregnant women; 3) labor was induced primarily with herbal medicines; and 4) women were prepared to cope with labor pain through ideological education although acupuncture and pethidine were sometimes used to reduce pain.


5. DOCID:3357 SCORE: 0.00191932403571296
DOCNO: 1192375
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Socioeconomic Factors
QUALIFIER: etiology
AUTHOR: S M Brown SM
AUTHOR: S Selvin S
AUTHOR: W Winkelstein W
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: The association of economic status with the occurrence of lung cancer.
PUBDATE: 19751101
Lung cancer in men was shown to be inversely associated with economic class by analysis of 1959-61 mortality rates from Buffalo, New York. Using five economis strata, white men below and above age 55 in the poorest group had rates 2.6 and 3.8 times higher than those in the richest. For women, the trend was not significant. The question that was investigated was whether, for males, an economic-class trend for smoking existed which paralleled that for lung cancer. Individuals from a Buffalo sample survey were classified according to cigarette smoking habits. Age was found highly associated with both smoking and economic class. In data from white males stratified for age, no significant association was observed between smoking and econimic class. In women, the upper economic groups smoked more, particularly those above age 55. Thus, a strong inverse economic class gradient for lung cancer in men, observed by other investigators among women, cannot be explained by class-related cigarette smoking patterns alone. The possible interaction of cigarette-smoking with other potential etiologic factors that may be associated with economic class is discussed.


6. DOCID:3055 SCORE: 0.00191619070631867
DOCNO: 77537
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Carcinoembryonic Antigen
DESCRIPTOR: alpha-Fetoproteins
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: C Del Vecchio-Blanco C
AUTHOR: N Caporaso N
AUTHOR: A Balzano A
AUTHOR: R Grande R
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Quaderni Sclavo di diagnostica clinica e di laboratorio.
COUNTRY: ITALY
TITLE: [Comparative study of the plasma levels of alpha-1 fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen in chronic liver diseases and malignant neoplasias (author's transl)]
PUBDATE: 19770901
We have measured the plasma levels of alpha-1 fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinembryonic antigen (CEA) by RIA in 98 chronic liver diseases (20 chronic aggressive hepatitis and 75 cirrhosis), in 46 subjects with several varieties of malignant neoplasias and in 30 normal controls. In cirrhosis levels higher than the media +/- 2 DS of controls were found in 25.3% for AFP (Max. value 250 ng/ml) and in 36.0% for CEA (Max. value 150 ng/ml). Only in 6 cases of cirrhosis we found high levels of AFP and CEA contemporaneously. High levels of AFP were found in 10/13 primary liver cancers and only in 1 patient with colonic carcinomata. High levels of CEA were found in 4/13 primary liver cancers (1 AFP positive too), 3/4 metastatic liver cancers, 7/17 colonic primary cancers, 3/6 bronchogenic carcinoma, and 3/6 other malignancies.


7. DOCID:3795 SCORE: 0.00173056039431226
DOCNO: 4846703
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Maternal-Fetal Exchange
QUALIFIER: chemically induced
QUALIFIER: adverse effects
QUALIFIER: chemically induced
AUTHOR: J Menczer J
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Harefuah.
COUNTRY: ISRAEL
TITLE: [Editorial: Stilbestrol therapy in pregnant women and adenocarcinoma in their offspring]
PUBDATE: 19740501
In this editorial, the author discusses the body of evidence linking stilbestrol therapy in pregnant women with the subsequent appearance of vaginal and cervical carcinomas and vaginal adenosis in their daughters. In general, vaginal cancer is quite rare, accounting for only 1 to 2% of all malignant tumors of the female reproductive tract; additionally, most cases in the past have occurred in postmenopausal women. In the early 1970s a series was published of 6 young women diagnosed as having clear cell carcinoma; the diagnoses were established within a short period of time, and the only common factor which was found was that all the patients' mothers had taken stilbestrol during pregnancy. By June 1972, the Registry for Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Genital Tract in Young Women had reports of more than 90 cases; the patients ranged in age from 8 to 25 years old. Although most of the patients presented with irregular bleeding, some were asymptomatic; this points out the necessity of locating all young women who were exposed to stilbestrol during intra-uterine life, and examining them at periodic intervals. The author encourages physicians to be alert to the possibility of these tumors in young women, and points out that stilbestrol was frequently used during pregnancy in Israel in the past.


8. DOCID:1682 SCORE: 0.00171796305135434
DOCNO: 1107601
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: immunology
QUALIFIER: urine
QUALIFIER: immunology
AUTHOR: G Ionescu G
AUTHOR: N A Romas NA
AUTHOR: L Ionascu L
AUTHOR: S Bennett S
AUTHOR: M Tannenbaum M
AUTHOR: R J Veeneman RJ
AUTHOR: J K Lattimer JK
PUBTYPE: Clinical Trial
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The Journal of urology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Carcinoembryonic antigen and bladder carcinoma.
PUBDATE: 19760101
The 24-hour urinary carcinoembryonic antigen determinations were performed on 61 patients with different stages of bladder carcinoma. Elevated titers were found in 81 per cent of the patients with active tumors and falsely positive studies were found in 7 per cent. High stage lesions were found to have high carcinoembryonic antigen levels. Plasma carcinoembryonic antigen determinations were elevated in only 45 per cent of the patients with active tumors but further study may be warranted in advanced bladder cancer cases. The 24-hour urinary carcinoembryonic antigen measurements yield the highest percentage elevations in bladder carcinoma and further investigation is required to better define its clinical application.


9. DOCID:2402 SCORE: 0.00164562355269976
DOCNO: 195411
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: therapy
QUALIFIER: therapy
AUTHOR: R Osieka R
AUTHOR: C G Schmidt CG
AUTHOR: H B Makoski HB
AUTHOR: E Scherer E
PUBTYPE: Clinical Trial
PUBTYPE: Controlled Clinical Trial
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Zeitschrift für Krebsforschung und klinische Onkologie. Cancer research and clinical oncology.
COUNTRY: GERMANY, WEST
TITLE: The combined modality approach in the treatment of inoperable small-cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung.
PUBDATE: 19770501
The combined modality approach with combination chemotherapy ("Comb" or "BACO") and radiotherapy was used in a pilot study comprising 35 evaluable patients with inoperable small-cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung. Treatment strategy was based on prior assessment of prognostic factors such as histology, performance status and extent of disease. Median survival time was 39.8 weeks for "COMB" treated patients and 21.2 weeks for "BACO" treated patients. Although the combined modality approach has been very helpful against a variety of human cancers it should be used with caution since not all combination chemotherapy regimens are compatible with radiotherapy. Mechanisms of interactions between cytostatic agents and X-rays are discussed with regard to enhanced tumor cell kill and possible toxic side effects.


10. DOCID:2397 SCORE: 0.00164562299845777
DOCNO: 765194
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted
DESCRIPTOR: Mass Screening
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: H G Neumann HG
AUTHOR: H H Büttner HH
AUTHOR: G Seidenschnur G
AUTHOR: M Beust M
AUTHOR: G Bader G
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde.
COUNTRY: GERMANY, WEST
TITLE: [Organization of mass-screening for early detection of cervical cancer and its precancerous conditions. II. report: Practical experience with a computer assisted mass-screening program (Model Rostock) (author's transl)]
PUBDATE: 19751201
Two years experiences with a computerassisted program for early detection of prestages and early cervical cancer in Rostock-city are reported. From 43.000 women invited to take part in the examination, 27.028 = 65% finally cooperated. Pathological Pap-smears were found in 134 cases (= 0,52%). Histological examination in 51 cases (= 0,2%) showed 1 Erosio vera (false positive), 9 severe dysplasia, 30 carcinomata in situ, 3 early invasions (microinvasive cancer), 3 microcarcinoma and 5 macrocarcinoma. Accessory findings were seen in 10,2%. A good organized mass-screening-system with unique nomenclature, diagnostic and treatment of cervical cancer and its prestages gives the best supposition to cut down its rate of incidence.


11. DOCID:2426 SCORE: 0.00160416170186631
DOCNO: 598354
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: adverse effects
QUALIFIER: etiology
QUALIFIER: etiology
QUALIFIER: drug effects
AUTHOR: N F Adkinson NF
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Environmental health perspectives.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Environmental influences on the immune system and allergic reactions.
PUBDATE: 19771001
Environmental interactions with the immune system may result in two types of adverse outcomes: immunodeficiency and immunopathology. Serious immunodeficiency most commonly results from ionizing radiation or as a recognized side effect of iatrogenic drug therapy, usually cancer chemotherapy. At present there is little basis for believing that biologically significant suppression of immune competence in man results from more subtle interactions with environmental agents. On the other hand, environmentally triggered immunopathology is a source of considerable morbidity and mortality. Additional research is needed in the following areas: (a) basic mechanisms of immunopathological reactions; (b) development of methods for accurately implicating or excluding immunological mechanisms in the etiology of hypersensitivity states; (c) development of methods for assessing in advance the potential immunogenicity of new industrial chemicals and occupational allergens; (d) identification of the risk factors which predispose to immunopathological outcomes when individuals are exposed to sensitizing chemicals or other "natural" allergens.


12. DOCID:3769 SCORE: 0.00159827496133058
DOCNO: 955744
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: therapy
AUTHOR: A S Morrison AS
AUTHOR: C R Lowe CR
AUTHOR: B MacMahon B
AUTHOR: B Ravnihar B
AUTHOR: S Yuasa S
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.
COUNTRY: DENMARK
TITLE: Some international differences in treatment and survival in breast cancer.
PUBDATE: 19760901
In a recent study, 5-year survival rates for breast cancer patients in Boston (Massachusetts), Glamorgan (Wales), Slovenia (Yugoslavia) and Tokyo (Japan) were 57.3%, 49.5%, 41.9% and 74.9%, respectively. In this report, data are presented on the types of treatment used in the four areas and on the relationship of differences in treatment practices to the differences in survival rates. Generally, surgically treated patients who also had radiotherapy had lower survival rates than patients in the same area who had similar operations without radiotherapy. In each area, the survival rate was higher for patients who had radical mastectomy than for those who had simple mastectomy. The Japanese patients had the highest survival rate within nearly every treatment and extent-treatment category. Thus, the high survival rate of these patients was not explained by the variables considered. Survival differences between Boston, Glamorgan and Slovenia were largely explained by differences in extent of disease and type of treatment. As the nature of the treatment--survival trends was consistent with the interpretation that treatment tended to be selected according to apparent prognosis, the degree to which treatment customs were determinants of the differences in survival rate among the three areas is uncertain.


13. DOCID:3820 SCORE: 0.00158652008389677
DOCNO: 998552
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Cellulose
DESCRIPTOR: Colonic Neoplasms
DESCRIPTOR: Diet
DESCRIPTOR: Dietary Fiber
AUTHOR: A R Walker AR
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The American journal of clinical nutrition.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Colon cancer and diet, with special reference to intakes of fat and fiber.
PUBDATE: 19761201
Colon cancer, rare in the past, and in developing populations, currently accounts for 2 to 4% of all deaths in Western populations. Evidence suggests the primary cause to be changes in diet, which affect the bowel milieu intérieur. It is possible that in sophisticated populations, the higher concentrations of fecal bile acids and sterols, and longer transit time, favor the production of potentially carcinogenic metabolites. Of secular changes in diet, evidence suggests that the following may have etiological importance: 1) the fall in intake of fiber-containing foods with its effects on bowel physiology, and 2) the decreased fiber but increased fat intakes, in their respective capacities to raise concentrations of fecal bile acids, sterols, and other noxious substances. For possible prophylaxis against colon cancer, recommendations for a lower fat intake, or a higher intake of fiber-containing foods (apart from fiber ingestion from bran) are extremely unlikely to be adopted. For future research, western populations with considerably lower than average mortality rates, e.g., Seventh Day Adventists, Mormons, the rural Finnish population, as well as developing populations, demand intensive study. Also requiring elucidation are the respective roles of diet and of genetic constitution on concentrations of fecal bile acids, etc., and on transit time, in prone and nonprone populations.


14. DOCID:3180 SCORE: 0.00157546408018299
DOCNO: 319818
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: analysis
QUALIFIER: immunology
QUALIFIER: immunology
AUTHOR: R M Sharkey RM
AUTHOR: P F Hagihara PF
AUTHOR: D M Goldenberg DM
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: British journal of cancer.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Localization by immunoperoxidase and estimation by radioimmunoassay of carcinoembryonic antigen in colonic polyps.
PUBDATE: 19770201
A 3-layer immunoperoxidase technique was used to demonstrate carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in colonic polyps from patients with or without previous or concurrent malignancy. CEA was demonstrated in a higher percentage of the polyps received as fresh specimens that were rapidly frozen and fixed in ethanol, than in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. Tissue CEA content of both colonic carcinomas and polyps was determined by radioimmunoassay, and it was found that benign colonic tumours had levels of tissue CEA comparable to colonic cancer, indicating that CEA concentration in a tumour does not reflect its grade of malignancy. In fact, in one case in which both colonic cancer and polyps were removed, the polyps had the higher quantities of tissue CEA. Further, tissue CEA concentration of a polyp was not dependent on its size or location. Studying the titres of circulating CEA in these patients revealed an elevation of plasma CEA in one-third of the patients with only colonic polyps, whilst the patients with cancer all had increased titres.