0. DOCID:3989 SCORE: 0.00310001103756939
DOCNO: 61154
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: analysis
QUALIFIER: blood
QUALIFIER: analysis
AUTHOR: R Lamerz R
AUTHOR: U Schmalhorst U
AUTHOR: J Grunst J
AUTHOR: A Fateh-Moghadam A
AUTHOR: J Eisenburg J
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Fortschritte der Medizin.
COUNTRY: GERMANY, WEST
TITLE: [Significance of serum alpha-fetoprotein determination. Experiences with our own radioimmunoassay]
PUBDATE: 19760401
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was determined by a new radioimmunoassay in the sera of patients with different liver diseases. Compared to a normal group (n = 140, AFP levels below 15 ng/ml), most elevated AFP concentrations were found in 18 patients with primary liver cancer (PLC), 7 of whom showed Ouchterlony-positive levels (above 10,000 ng/ml). In 3 cases with liver cirrhosis, PLC was first suggested by high AFP levels between 1000 and 3600 ng/ml and later confirmed by histology. On the other hand, only 6 from 15 patients with other primary tumors and liver metastasis had AFP concentrations between 20 and 111 ng/ml. In 90% of 102 patients with liver cirrhosis AFP levels below 20 ng/ml were determined, while 13 cases showed elevated values up to 134 ng/ml. A transitory AFP increase between 20 and 238 ng/ml was seen in 32% of 63 cases in the early stage of acute hepatitis but 65% of 31 these cases in follow-up studies. 3 of 7 cases of chronic hepatitis gave similar results. The maximal AFP levels developed following the maximal transaminase activities by 5-18 days and coincided with a decrease of cholinesterase activity. The radioimmunological determination of AFP is recommended for earlier detection of the development of PLC in liver cirrhosis patients.

1. DOCID:5966 SCORE: 0.00264491360970359
DOCNO: 6158356
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: surgery
QUALIFIER: surgery
QUALIFIER: surgery
AUTHOR: A Mannell A
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The British journal of surgery.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Presternal gastric bypass for unresectable carcinoma of the thoracic oesophagus: a preliminary report.
PUBDATE: 19800701
Presternal gastric bypass was performed on 10 African patients with unresectable carcinoma of the thoracic oesophagus. Where the cancer involved the lower third of the thoracic oesophagus the oesophagus was simply excluded. However, for cancer of the upper and middle third of the thoracic oesophagus the additional step of Roux-en-Y jejunal anastomosis to the intra-abdominal oesophagus was performed to drain away oesophageal secretions from existing or imminent tracheo-oesophageal fistulas. No patient died as a result of the operation, and 9 out of 10 patients were able to eat normally afterwards. Presternal gastric bypass is compared with other methods of palliation for unresectable carcinoma of the thoracic oesophagus.

2. DOCID:3726 SCORE: 0.00246282730184909
DOCNO: 136108
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: mortality
AUTHOR: R Schmauz R
AUTHOR: M Holm-Hadulla M
PUBTYPE: Historical Article
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Zeitschrift für Krebsforschung und klinische Onkologie. Cancer research and clinical oncology.
COUNTRY: GERMANY, WEST
TITLE: Cancer mortality in Württemberg, 1910 and 1970.
PUBDATE: 19760901
The results of a special survey of cancer mortality statistics in selected areas of the Ober- and Unterland of Württemberg in the period 1908--1912 were compared with the official mortality statistics of the same region for 1969--1972. In the Oberland, formerly part of an area of high cancer mortality comprising the adjacent regions of Bavaria, Austria, Switzerland, and Baden, the overall cancer mortality showed a marked fall in both sexes. In the Unterland, where cancer mortality was previously low, the overall death rate increased in men and did not change in women. These variations are largely accounted for by changes in mortality from cancer of the stomach and bronchus. The death rates from gastric cancer observed around 1900 in the Oberland of Württemberg and adjacent regions of the neighbouring countries are among the highest recorded even in the world. Since the fall of gastric cancer noted is very marked and this disease is still the leading cause of death from cancer today, the Oberland of Württemberg seems to be uniquely suited for the search of environmental factors which associate with this decline. In theremainder of cancer sites changes over time were less striking and/or observed already in other countries.

3. DOCID:15411 SCORE: 0.0023908574316747
DOCNO: 2564959
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Mammography
QUALIFIER: radiography
QUALIFIER: radiography
QUALIFIER: radiography
AUTHOR: A P Locker AP
AUTHOR: A R Manhire AR
AUTHOR: V Stickland V
AUTHOR: J Caseldine J
AUTHOR: R W Blamey RW
AFFILIATION: Department of Surgery, City Hospital, Nottingham.
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Lancet.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Mammography in symptomatic breast disease.
PUBDATE: 19890401
The contribution of mammography to the diagnosis of breast cancer was examined in 5080 patients with various breast symptoms. There were 562 breast cancers within this group. The sensitivity of mammography was 88%. Only 18 cancers were detected by mammography alone, and of these 3 were in the other breast. 7 of the remaining 15 cancers had clinical signs which would have been pursued to open biopsy in the absence of mammography. Clinical examination is of paramount importance in the management of patients with symptomatic breast disease. Mammography is most useful when applied in specific situations rather than to screen every patient with breast symptoms.

4. DOCID:1910 SCORE: 0.00235826826716906
DOCNO: 898018
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Thoracoscopy
AUTHOR: L R Radigan LR
AUTHOR: J L Glover JL
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Surgery.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Thoracoscopy.
PUBDATE: 19771001
Poor results in the treatment of lung cancer have led to the development of several techniques designed to obtain tissue for diagnosis and to determine the feasibility of resection. Although mediastinoscopy has obtained great popularity, we have been dissatisfied with it because of the low yield of positive results and the attendant increases in length of operations and hospitalizations. We have modified the old technique of thoracoscopy, using a sterilized sigmoidoscope inserted through an intercostal space with the patient positioned and prepared for thoracotomy. Although most frequently used in patients with lung cancer, this procedure also has been helpful in patients with coin lesions, mediastinal tumors, and penetrating wounds of the chest. Although we agree that mediastinoscopy is useful in selected patients, we believe that thoracoscopy offers a greater number of patients a reliable means of obtaining the proper diagnosis more efficiently.

5. DOCID:14417 SCORE: 0.00232022566473688
DOCNO: 2484296
AUTHOR: R P Moser RP
AUTHOR: M L Johnson ML
AFFILIATION: Dept of Head and Neck Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center.
PUBTYPE: Comment
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
PUBTYPE: Review
JOURNALTITLE: Oncology (Williston Park, N.Y.)
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Surgical management of brain metastases: how aggressive should we be?
PUBDATE: 19890601
Treatment of cancer metastatic to the brain is dictated by both the need to achieve immediate short-term palliation and the desire for durable symptom-free remission. Surgical resection of brain metastases makes available tissue for diagnosis and experimental study, permits prompt relief of neurological signs and symptoms secondary to tumor mass effect, enhances the potential for sustained local tumor control in those patients with solitary disease, and allows greater therapeutic flexibility by obviating the need for cranial radiation in some situations and by expanding patient access to alternative experimental protocols or systemic chemotherapy.

6. DOCID:8516 SCORE: 0.00229078775131181
DOCNO: 6386750
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: surgery
QUALIFIER: methods
AUTHOR: J W Martin JW
AUTHOR: R F Jacob RF
AUTHOR: D L Larson DL
AUTHOR: G E King GE
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Head & neck surgery.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Surgical stents for the head and neck cancer patient.
PUBDATE: 19841001
Split-thickness skin graft reconstruction following intraoral cancer surgery maintains functional mobility within the oral cavity and gives excellent support for the final intraoral rehabilitative prosthesis. We describe the use of a dental material, called tissue conditioner, for skin graft immobilization as an alternative to the usual gauze bolus and thermoplastic materials following surgery in various intraoral anatomic sites.

7. DOCID:6211 SCORE: 0.0022512346080698
DOCNO: 456003
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: prevention & control
QUALIFIER: therapy
QUALIFIER: complications
AUTHOR: A D Turnbull AD
AUTHOR: G Carlon G
PUBTYPE: Case Reports
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Critical care medicine.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Airway management in the thrombocytopenic cancer patient with acute respiratory failure.
PUBDATE: 19790201
Prolonged endotracheal intubation has been the preferred approach when ventilatory support is required in thrombocytopenic cancer patients, because of concern for the possible hemorrhagic complications of tracheostomy. During the past 3 years, the authors have treated over 100 patients who developed acute respiratory failure while being treated for myeloproliferative or lymphoproliferative malignancies. This experience has suggested a greater incidence of potentially lethal complications among thrombocytopenic patients with prolonged endotracheal intubation than with early tracheostomy, which is now preferred in the critical care facility of this institution. Tracheostomy using electrocautery and careful technique has been performed without complication in 35 patients whose platelet counts were as low as 5,000-20,000/mm3.

8. DOCID:3788 SCORE: 0.00224457304448816
DOCNO: 856456
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: etiology
QUALIFIER: adverse effects
AUTHOR: R S Paffenbarger RS
AUTHOR: E Fasal E
AUTHOR: M E Simmons ME
AUTHOR: J B Kampert JB
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Cancer risk as related to use of oral contraceptives during fertile years.
PUBDATE: 19770401
A case-control study of 452 breast cancer patients, aged less than 50 years, and 872 age-, race-, and religion-matched control patients generated relative risk estimates of breast cancer associated with oral contraceptive practices. The relative risk of breast cancer from ever-use of oral contraceptives was 1.1, not significant. Relative risks did not differ by age, interval since first use, interval since last use, or time periods in which steroid compounds differed in composition and potency. However, the relative risks of breast cancer from current use, from 2 to 4 years of ever-use, from 6 or more years of use by women with prior benign breast disease, and from use before first childbirth were increased significantly. The findings suggest the malignant process may be quickened if transformed cells are present during oral contraceptive use. Yet, the findings neither indicate that oral contraception induces breast cancer nor do they exonerate female steroid hormones. The findings do encourage continued surveillance of steroid contraception for cancer induction or promotion. In addition to duration of oral contraceptive use and other measures of dose response, future observations should pay especial attention to use by women before first childbirth and by women with already established benign breast disease.

9. DOCID:10236 SCORE: 0.0022095937887835
DOCNO: 6345937
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Neoplasm Metastasis
QUALIFIER: pathology
AUTHOR: Y T Lee YT
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
PUBTYPE: Review
JOURNALTITLE: Journal of surgical oncology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Breast carcinoma: pattern of metastasis at autopsy.
PUBDATE: 19830701
Breast cancer is known to metastasize to all organs of the human body, and its manifestations are protean. It is almost impossible to predict which organ system will be invaded. Since 1950, there are seven autopsy series of patients with breast carcinoma published in the English literature. All data came from American hospitals (total of 2,147 patients), and each report studied more than 100 patients with breast cancer. The reported incidence of involvement of different organ sites are presented in Table I. Although the data came from different institutions and spanned over 35 years (1943-1977), the findings regarding metastatic involvement of specific organs are fairly similar.

10. DOCID:7951 SCORE: 0.00202112272734703
DOCNO: 7445102
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: urine
QUALIFIER: urine
AUTHOR: G Cruciani G
AUTHOR: D Bardella D
AUTHOR: G M Fiorentini GM
AUTHOR: M Marangolo M
AUTHOR: L Tavolazzi L
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Tumori.
COUNTRY: ITALY
TITLE: [Hydroxyprolinuria and bone metastases of breast cancer]
PUBDATE: 19800401
The urinary excretion of Hydroxyproline (OH-P), evaluated as OH-P/creatinine ratio, has been examined in the follow up of 142 breast cancer patients. The mean value obtained in the women with bone lytic lesions, prior to treatment, was 5.3 +/- 1.9 (min. 3, max. 9), whereas in the women without bone metastases it was 1.7 +/- 0.5 (min. 0.6, max. 3), similar to the control group. The patients affected by osteoplastic lesions had a normal OH-P/creatinine ratio. The highest values of OH-P/creatinine ratio were found in women with bone marrow infiltration, ascertained by bone needle biopsy. In the group of patients with bone lytic metastases, a good correlation between changes of OH-P/creatinine ratio and response to hormonal or chemotherapeutic treatment has been observed. Therefore the OH-P/creatinine ratio could be effectively useful, with other clinical parameters, in the follow up of breast cancer patients.

11. DOCID:10757 SCORE: 0.00199215653010372
DOCNO: 6620574
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: pathology
AUTHOR: H Habu H
AUTHOR: K Takeshita K
AUTHOR: K Hoshi K
AUTHOR: M Menjo M
AUTHOR: N Aoki N
AUTHOR: R Kamiyama R
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Gan no rinsho. Japan journal of cancer clinics.
COUNTRY: JAPAN
TITLE: [Histopathological evaluation of minute stomach cancer]
PUBDATE: 19830801
We histologically examined 17 lesions from minute gastric cancer (less than 5 mm in diameter). Flat or IIb type was frequently seen in minute cancer (47%); the depressed type was predominant in ordinary early gastric cancer (72%). Differentiated adenocarcinoma was noted more often in minute cancer (88%) than in ordinary early gastric cancer (61%) or advanced cancer (45%). Differentiated type minute cancer was frequently associated with severe atrophic gastritis (93%) and intestinal metaplasia (73%). There was no evidence for the preexistence of chronic peptic ulcer, because no fibrosis was present in the gastric wall beneath the minute cancerous lesions.

12. DOCID:6776 SCORE: 0.00195112895561865
DOCNO: 222741
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
AUTHOR: A A Maltbie AA
AUTHOR: J O Cavenar JO
AUTHOR: J L Sullivan JL
AUTHOR: E B Hammett EB
AUTHOR: W W Zung WW
PUBTYPE: Clinical Trial
PUBTYPE: Controlled Clinical Trial
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The Journal of clinical psychiatry.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Analgesia and haloperidol: a hypothesis.
PUBDATE: 19790701
We have previously reported 10 patient histories involving various intractable pain syndromes where the administration of Haloperidol either eliminated the need for narcotic analgesics or resulted in a significant reduction in narcotic dosage. We are presently undertaking a controlled double-blind evaluation of Haloperidol as an adjunctive treatment for intractable cancer pain. Based upon the reported clinical observations, these findings are discussed from the following aspects: 1. The isomeric similarity of Haloperidol to Meperidine. 2. Dose response between Haloperidol and analgesic effect. 3. The clinical literature regarding the use of Haloperidol for the effective withdrawal or maintenance of narcotic addicts. 4. The analgesic property as it relates to the opiate receptor.

13. DOCID:7702 SCORE: 0.00194992327971451
DOCNO: 6794700
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Radiology
AUTHOR: G H Mooney GH
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The British journal of radiology.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Radiology and risk: an economist's perspective.
PUBDATE: 19811001
This paper, which is an amended version of a talk given to The British Institute of Radiology at a meeting on "Dosimetry and Risks to Patients in Radiopharmaceutical Investigations", picks up the ICRP's concept of detriment and places it firmly in the framework whence it came, viz. cost-benefit analysis. It explains cost-benefit analysis (distinguishing it from cost-effectiveness analysis) and suggests various ways of trying to place a value on human life in order to use cost-benefit analysis as a practical tool of decision-making in policy areas where at least part of the benefit is to be measured in terms of lives saved. The paper suggests that it is important to decide not only who is to value life but also whose perception of risk of death are to be deemed relevant. A practical example in the use of life values is presented for the case of mammography in breast cancer screening.

14. DOCID:3941 SCORE: 0.00194520140540842
DOCNO: 243856
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Family Planning Services
DESCRIPTOR: Surgical Procedures, Operative
QUALIFIER: instrumentation
AUTHOR: P Young P
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Nursing mirror.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: NM goes to China:4.
PUBDATE: 19771201
Participants in a Nursing Mirror sponsored tour of China spent a day at the Tsinan Hospital and Medical College. They were permitted to watch 3 operations performed under traditional anesthesia. A thyroidictomy and removal of an ovarian cyst were performed under herbal anesthesia, and an operation for cancer of the esophagus was performed with acupuncture anesthesia. The patients were conscious throughout the procedures and appeared to be confortable. The herbal anesthesia was made by combining a substance derived from thorn apple flowers with a muscle relaxant. These traditional methods of anesthesia permitted the patients to cooperate with the surgeon during the operation. The patients suffered no after effects from the anesthesia, and the group was told that recovery time was shorter than when Western forms of anesthesia were used. The tour group also visited the nurses' training school and were informed that 1) there were 200 students currently enrolled in the school and 2) nursing training consisted of 1 1/2 years of academic work followed by 1/2 year of on the job training. The group discussed family planning services with hospital personnel and learned 1) IUD insertions were performed by trained midwives; 2) midwives conducted childbirth classes for pregnant women; 3) labor was induced primarily with herbal medicines; and 4) women were prepared to cope with labor pain through ideological education although acupuncture and pethidine were sometimes used to reduce pain.