0. DOCID:3836 SCORE: 0.00265598236506207
DOCNO: 198130
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: metabolism
QUALIFIER: metabolism
QUALIFIER: metabolism
QUALIFIER: metabolism
AUTHOR: W V Greenhouse WV
AUTHOR: A L Lehninger AL
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer research.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Magnitude of malate-aspartate reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide shuttle activity in intact respiring tumor cells.
PUBDATE: 19771101
Measurements of respiration, CO2 and lactate production, and changes in the levels of various key metabolites of the glycolytic sequence and tricarboxylic acid cycle were made on five lines of rodent ascites tumor cells (two strains of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, Krebs II carcinoma, AS-30D carcinoma, and L1210 cells) incubated aerobically in the presence of uniformly labeled D-[14C]glucose. From these data, as well as earlier evidence demonstrating that the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) shuttle in these cells requires a transaminase step and is thus identified as the malate-aspartate shuttle (W.V.V. Greenhouse and A.L. Lehninger, Cancer Res., 36: 1392-1396, 1976), metabolic flux diagrams were constructed for the five cell lines. These diagrams show the relative rates of glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, electron transport, and the malate-aspartate shuttle in these tumors. Large amounts of cytosolic NADH were oxidized by the mitochondrial respiratory chain via the NADH shuttle, comprising anywhere from about 20 to 80% of the total flow of reducing equivalents to oxygen in these tumors. Calculations of the sources of energy for adenosine triphosphate synthesis indicated that on the average about one-third of the respiratory adenosine triphosphate is generated by electron flow originating from cytosolic NADH via the malate-aspartate shuttle.

1. DOCID:3770 SCORE: 0.00254957030504834
DOCNO: 937991
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
AUTHOR: T Salonen T
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Annals of clinical research.
COUNTRY: FINLAND
TITLE: Prenatal and perinatal factors in childhood cancer.
PUBDATE: 19760201
The material consists of malignant tumours in childhood notified to the Finnish Cancer Registry in 1959-1968. The maternity health centre cards for these children were collected through the National Board of Health. The immediately preceding parturient of the same maternity health centre was selected as the control. The number of complete pairs obtained for the final analysis was 972. All data concerning the parents, the pregnancy, parturition and the child were extracted from the cards. Information on the cancer patient and the paired control was compared. The results are presented as a comparison of the total tumour series and the controls, but also in smaller sub-groups: leukaemias (373 cases), brain tumours (245 cases) and other tumours (354 cases). Other tumours are further divided into: kidney tumours (96), eye tumours (37) and bone tumours (56). No significant correlations were found between potential aetiologic factors and the cases of cancer. The risk ratio for leukaemia in the group with pelvic radiography was 1.9, and in the group given vaccination against polio 1.8. However, because of the rare occurrence of the exposure mentioned these groups were small and the increase in the risk ratio statistically insignificant. BCG vaccination of children was common (90%) and no differences were established between the tumour and the control groups in this respect.

2. DOCID:7189 SCORE: 0.00250216136758522
DOCNO: 721322
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
AUTHOR: C Marigo C
AUTHOR: P Correa P
AUTHOR: W Haenszel W
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.
COUNTRY: DENMARK
TITLE: Cancer and "cancer related" colorectal lesions in São Paulo, Brazil.
PUBDATE: 19781201
A series of 832 necropsy specimens were studied grossly with a magnifying lens and all lesions identified were studied microscopically. The age and sex-specific prevalence of adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps is reported and results are compared with those of other populations. A correlation was made between polyps and cancer of the colon and rectum (407 cases). The data suggest that São Paulo is a community in a transitional stage between intermediate and high risk of cancer of the colon. The epidemiologic characteristics of lower rectum cancer are peculiar to some populations and appear unrelated to colon cancer. The black population of São Paulo has a higher prevalence than that reported for African negroes. The data also implicate adenomatous polyps, diverticulosis and hemorrhoids as being probably related diseases.

3. DOCID:7663 SCORE: 0.00238064798500903
DOCNO: 6256057
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: analysis
QUALIFIER: analysis
QUALIFIER: analysis
AUTHOR: J L Wittliff JL
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Steroid receptor interactions in human breast carcinoma.
PUBDATE: 19801201
Sucrose gradient centrifugation of estrogen and progestin receptors in cytosol preparations revealed that the majority of human breast tumors contained two molecular forms sedimenting at either 8S or 4S. Few tumors exhibited profiles containing predominately the 8S form or the 4S form alone. Molecular heterogeneity of the estrogen receptors in cytosol was demonstrated with regard to surface charge using ion-exchange chromatography and isoelectric focusing. The molecular properties of estrogen receptors in breast tumor biopsy specimens appear to be related to clinical responsiveness of patients given hormonal manipulations. These data and other findings related to the clinical utility of steroid receptor quantification impose a requirement for rigid quality control of analyses by the laboratory. The composition, evaluation, and distribution of tissue reference powders for establishing uniformity and quality control of steroid receptor analyses used in cooperative clinical trials of breast cancer treatment are described. This approach ensures meaningful correlations between laboratory results and clinical response.

4. DOCID:1550 SCORE: 0.00231046953350627
DOCNO: 1235324
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: B Strunge B
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Chest.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Primary lung cancer in a chest clinic: diagnosis and prognosis.
PUBDATE: 19750101
This reports a retrospective study of primary cancer of the lung diagnosed in the chest clinics of the Odense and Assens counties in Denmark during the period 1960 to 1966. There were 212 patients, 171 of whom had been referred because of symptoms, and 41 who were found in group screening. Of the latter, 13 had no symptoms. The histologic diagnosis, the diagnostic procedures on which the diagnosis was based, and the treatment are reported. Twenty percent of the patients were alive after five years, as compared with the calculated 13.5 percent for all cancers of the lung in the two counties. A close collaboration between general practitioners, chest clinics, and departments of thoracic surgery is stressed as a means of further improving the prognosis.

5. DOCID:3929 SCORE: 0.00226059551737221
DOCNO: 57000
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Infusions, Parenteral
DESCRIPTOR: Injections, Intravenous
QUALIFIER: metabolism
AUTHOR: Z H Israili ZH
AUTHOR: W R Vogler WR
AUTHOR: E S Mingioli ES
AUTHOR: J L Pirkle JL
AUTHOR: R W Smithwick RW
AUTHOR: J H Goldstein JH
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer research.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: The disposition and pharmacokinetics in humans of 5-azacytidine administered intravenously as a bolus or by continuous infusion.
PUBDATE: 19760401
The disposition of 5-[4-14C]azacytidine, administered i.v. as a bolus or continuous infusion, was studied in cancer patients. After bolus, plasma 14C levels exhibited as multiphasic disappearance pattern; half-life (t1/2, beta phase) = 3.4 to 6.2 hr. Of 14C in plasma, less than 2% was associated with 5-[4-14C]azacytidine 30 min after dose. The ratios of 14C levels were: red cells/plasma, approximately 0.8; leukocytes/plasma, 1.1 to 2.3; nucleic acids/leukocytes, 0.2 to 0.43; sputum/plasma, 0.05 to 0.17. Urinary excretion (3 days) accounted for 73 to 98% of 14C, LEss than 1% in feces. The relative concentration of 5-azacytidine in plasma with continuous infusion stayed higher than with bolus; urinary excretion was similar. Fewer side effects were observed with continuous infusion than with bolus. The stability of 5-azacytidine was determined in various media at several temperatures by thin layer chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance. At 20 degrees in Ringer's lactate (pH 6.2), the t1/2 was 94 to 100 hr. Stability increased with lowering of temperature and pH. From our data we conclude that 5-azacytidine should be given by continuous infusion rather than as a bolus.

6. DOCID:6267 SCORE: 0.00219567686668009
DOCNO: 7333704
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: adverse effects
QUALIFIER: etiology
AUTHOR: D Trichopoulos D
AUTHOR: M Papapostolou M
AUTHOR: A Polychronopoulou A
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.
COUNTRY: DENMARK
TITLE: Coffee and ovarian cancer.
PUBDATE: 19811201
Ninety-two women with common epithelial tumors of the ovary and 105 comparison women admitted for various orthopedic conditions were interviewed regarding demographic, socio-economic and biomedical characteristics, including their use of coffee and tobacco. There was no association between tobacco smoking and ovarian cancer. However a statistically significant trend association was noted between coffee drinking and ovarian cancer (p approximately 0.03). The association could not be explained in terms of any other variable included in the present study. The relative risk for women drinking two or more cups of coffee per day was 2.2 with 95% confidence limits 1.0-4.8. Several descriptive epidemiologic data are compatible with a causal association between coffee and ovarian cancer.

7. DOCID:5812 SCORE: 0.00218158092758226
DOCNO: 376107
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Postoperative Complications
QUALIFIER: metabolism
QUALIFIER: etiology
AUTHOR: M F Brennan MF
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
PUBTYPE: Review
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Metabolic response to surgery in the cancer patient: consequences of aggressive multimodality therapy.
PUBDATE: 19790501
The metabolic response to uncomplicated surgery in the patient undergoing primary therapy for malignancy is no different than the response to surgery of similar magnitude for benign disease. Hemodynamic, nutritional-endocrine, and convalescent changes are similar. However, with current aggressive approaches to the management of cancer, the patient often comes to surgery with evidence of major debilitating side effects from his progressive malignancy or from aggressive multimodality therapy. The surgeon must be aware of the consequences of the use of combination therapies on the expected metabolic response to surgery. Awareness of such problems such as the nutritional deficit will allow preventive methods to supercede metabolic salvage procedures.

8. DOCID:6503 SCORE: 0.00217066619127923
DOCNO: 6244077
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Antigens, Viral
DESCRIPTOR: Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
DESCRIPTOR: Cell Transformation, Viral
QUALIFIER: genetics
QUALIFIER: immunology
QUALIFIER: immunology
AUTHOR: L Kopelovich L
AUTHOR: S Sirlin S
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Human skin fibroblasts from individuals genetically predisposed to cancer are sensitive to an SV40-induced T antigen display and transformation.
PUBDATE: 19800301
In the present study we have used a viral probe to determine the genetic susceptibility of fibroblastic cell strains derived from individuals with hereditary adenomatosis of the colon and rectum (ACR), an autosomal dominant trait. This report shows an increased sensitivity of apparently karyologically-normal diploid skin fibroblasts from ACR individuals to an SV40-induced T antigen display and transformation. None of the SV40-transformed cells grew as tumors in athymic mice and they all appeared to have a finite life span. The results suggest that the induction of T antigen positive cells by SV40 may be used as a marker of cancer risk in this cell system.

9. DOCID:7102 SCORE: 0.00211901757080376
DOCNO: 6154429
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: radiotherapy
QUALIFIER: radiotherapy
QUALIFIER: radiotherapy
QUALIFIER: radiotherapy
QUALIFIER: radiotherapy
AUTHOR: L L Gunderson LL
AUTHOR: A M Cohen AM
AUTHOR: C E Welch CE
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: American journal of surgery.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Residual, inoperable or recurrent colorectal cancer. Interaction of surgery and radiotherapy.
PUBDATE: 19800401
For irradiation of inoperable, residual or recurrent colorectal cancers, doses of 4,500 to 5,000 rads can achieve short-term palliation; doses must be increased to 6,000 to 7,000 rads or more, however, if long-term control of disease or possible cure is desired. The ability to achieve those dose levels safely depends on close interaction between the surgeon, the radiation oncologist and the diagnostic radiologist in defining and displacing normal and tumor tissues. Methods used at Massachusetts General Hospital from March 1976 to August 1979 are defined. They include the use of operative clips and pelvic reconstruction, diagnostic computed tomography and ultrasound, radiotherapy optimization including shrinking field techniques, radiation with bladder distention and single intraoperative boost doses given in combination with external beam.

10. DOCID:7292 SCORE: 0.00206705643110889
DOCNO: 7333239
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Vinyl Compounds
QUALIFIER: chemically induced
QUALIFIER: chemically induced
QUALIFIER: adverse effects
QUALIFIER: analogs & derivatives
QUALIFIER: adverse effects
AUTHOR: R Apfeldorf R
AUTHOR: P F Infante PF
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Environmental health perspectives.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Review of epidemiologic study results of vinyl chloride-related compounds.
PUBDATE: 19811001
Epidemiologic study results addressing the carcinogenicity of six compounds related to vinyl chloride (vinylidene chloride, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, ethylene dibromide and epichlorohydrin) are reviewed. The study results suggest an increased carcinogenic risk among workers exposed to epichlorohydrin and to dry cleaning and degreasing solvents. Although several studies report no significant excess of cancer mortality, an evaluation of the design of these investigations demonstrates that these negative cohort studies consisted of populations of insufficient sample size and latency to permit any meaningful conclusions regarding carcinogenic risk. Therefore, experimental studies must be relied upon to determine whether several of these substances pose a potential carcinogenic risk to humans. Available evidence indicates that all of these substances have demonstrated a carcinogenic response in experimental animals and most are mutagenic in experimental test systems.

11. DOCID:5623 SCORE: 0.00204359536794401
DOCNO: 7417951
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Neoplasm Regression, Spontaneous
QUALIFIER: secondary
QUALIFIER: secondary
AUTHOR: J A Smith JA
AUTHOR: H W Herr HW
PUBTYPE: Case Reports
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Spontaneous regression of pulmonary metastases from transitional cell carcinoma.
PUBDATE: 19800901
Spontaneous regression of metastatic cancers occurs rarely and has been reported only once for pulmonary metastases from transitional cell carcinoma. Two cases of spontaneous complete regression of lung metastases from transitional cell carcinoma are presented. In one case, regression occurred after a course of radiation to the primary bladder cancer, but in the other patient, lung lesions disappeared without treatment to the primary or metastatic cancers. The factors that alter the tumor-host relationship to allow spontaneous regression of cancers are unknown, but observation of these phenomena may help reveal parameters that influence tumor progression in the majority of cancer patients.

12. DOCID:6717 SCORE: 0.00200292060078734
DOCNO: 6247990
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: surgery
QUALIFIER: surgery
QUALIFIER: surgery
AUTHOR: J A Wijnen JA
AUTHOR: N B Rosenshein NB
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Archives of surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Surgery in ovarian cancer.
PUBDATE: 19800701
Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality of the cancers of the female genital tract. The signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer are either nonexistent or nonspecific. Women who are to undergo exploratory laparotomy without a definite diagnosis should have ovarian cancer considered as part of the differential diagnosis. Therefore, it is important that each surgeon know the current concepts of surgery for ovarian cancer. Documenting true extent of disease in those cases with limited ovarian cancer prevents the need for reexploration before adjuvant therapy. In those cases of disseminated disease, an attempt at tumor reduction should be undertaken, as reduction of tumor aggregates to less than 1.6 cm in greatest diameter improves prognosis. Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for ovarian cancer. Optimal initial surgery prevents the need for reexploration.

13. DOCID:754 SCORE: 0.00199444769593962
DOCNO: 69206
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Military Medicine
DESCRIPTOR: Splenectomy
DESCRIPTOR: War
QUALIFIER: mortality
QUALIFIER: mortality
AUTHOR: C D Robinette CD
AUTHOR: J F Fraumeni JF
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Lancet.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Splenectomy and subsequent mortality in veterans of the 1939-45 war.
PUBDATE: 19770701
A long-term follow-up of 740 American servicemen splenectomised because of trauma during the 1939-45 war showed a significant excess mortality from pneumonia and ischaemic heart-disease. Mortality from cirrhosis was also increased, but not significantly. The findings confirm that the risk of fatal infections is increased by asplenia; however, the risk of cancer was not increased, as it is in some other immunodeficiency states. Post-splenectomy thrombocytosis and hypercoagulability may account for the increased risk of fatal myocardial ischaemia in this group.

14. DOCID:3077 SCORE: 0.00190746691739099
DOCNO: 613246
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
AUTHOR: G F Basa GF
AUTHOR: T Hirayama T
AUTHOR: A G Cruz-Basa AG
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: National Cancer Institute monograph.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Cancer epidemiology in the Philippines.
PUBDATE: 19771201
Based on 16,492 cancer cases recorded at the Central Tumor Registry of the Philippines from July 1968 to June 1973, an epidemiologic analysis was conducted. Age-adjusted incidence rates for cancer of all sites in the Philippines, the United States, and Japan were similar. Cancers of the lung and breast were the leading sites in males and females, respectively. Age-specific incidence rates by each site were compared for the Philippines, the United States, and Japan. Cancers of the oral cavity, nasopharynx, liver, lung, breast, cervix, ovary, and thyroid and malignant lymphoma occurred with higher frequency in the Philippines. The more education people had, the more likely they were to develop cancers of the lung, pancreas, bladder, prostate, breast, and ovary, whereas cancers of the stomach, skin, esophagus, oropharynx, tongue, and mouth were more common in individuals who had not completed high school. Among smokers, neoplasms of the lung, larynx, tongue, mouth, liver, esophagus, and oropharynx occurred with significantly higher frequency. Epidemiologic implications and significance of these results for cancer control were discussed.