0. DOCID:21647 SCORE: 0.00489399988755516
DOCNO: 10134440
AUTHOR: A Tabarrok A
AFFILIATION: Economics Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030.
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
PUBTYPE: Review
JOURNALTITLE: Journal of health economics.
COUNTRY: NETHERLANDS
TITLE: Genetic testing: an economic and contractarian analysis.
PUBDATE: 19940301
Medical researchers are rapidly identifying the genetic causes of many diseases. Genes that increase the risk of contracting Alzheimer's, colon and breast cancer, Huntington's, cystic fibrosis and numerous other diseases have been identified. Genetic tests can reveal an individual's probable health status many years in advance of sickness. Many fear that this will lead to 'genetic discrimination' in the employment and health insurance markets. Solutions such as consent laws are impractical and create adverse selection problems. A new form of insurance, genetic insurance, can eliminate these problems and allow everyone to be insured.

1. DOCID:21970 SCORE: 0.00445906770708051
DOCNO: 8168066
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
QUALIFIER: pathology
AUTHOR: I Zavrazhina I
AUTHOR: L P Yaroslavsky LP
AFFILIATION: NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer letters.
COUNTRY: IRELAND
TITLE: Computer-assisted technologies in lung cancer diagnosis and staging.
PUBDATE: 19940301
A paradigm for digital image processing in radiological diagnosis and an appropriate algorithmic instrumentation toolset for the implementation of image processing methods on inexpensive computers and workstations are outlined briefly. Examples of computer-assisted technologies for lung cancer differential diagnosis are given that exhibit considerable increase in diagnostic accuracy. Multimodal image processing and data fusion in lung cancer diagnosis are discussed and a 'road map' for examining lung cancer patients is suggested on the basis of clinical experience in the use of different modalities for lung cancer staging.

2. DOCID:23660 SCORE: 0.0040092419653998
DOCNO: 7658781
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13
QUALIFIER: genetics
QUALIFIER: genetics
QUALIFIER: genetics
AUTHOR: S Thorlacius S
AUTHOR: L Tryggvadottir L
AUTHOR: G H Olafsdottir GH
AUTHOR: J G Jonasson JG
AUTHOR: H M Ogmundsdottir HM
AUTHOR: H Tulinius H
AUTHOR: J E Eyfjord JE
AFFILIATION: Molecular and Cell Biology Research Laboratory, Reykjavik, Iceland.
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Lancet.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Linkage to BRCA2 region in hereditary male breast cancer.
PUBDATE: 19950801
Breast cancer is rare in men, and family history of the disease is a risk factor. The recently discovered BRCA2 gene on chromosome 13q is thought to account for some families with increased risk of breast cancer, including male breast cancer. We describe a family with multiple cases of male breast cancer but, interestingly, no increase in female breast cancer. Linkage to the BRCA2 region is demonstrated and all the affected men share the same haplotype for the BCRA2 markers and loss of the other alleles in their tumours.

3. DOCID:22788 SCORE: 0.00398877033794323
DOCNO: 9030238
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Antineoplastic Agents
DESCRIPTOR: Clinical Trials, Phase I
AUTHOR: M Shimoyama M
AFFILIATION: Nagoya National Hospital.
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy.
COUNTRY: JAPAN
TITLE: [Introduction of anticancer agents to phase I clinical trials]
PUBDATE: 19970101
Because about half of patients with cancer could not be cured by the present standard therapy, new effective anticancer agents should be developed and introduced at the clinical level. However, there are several important and specific issues from scientific, medical, statistical, and ethical viewpoints in the design and conducting of phase I clinical trials of new anticancer agents. Clinical safety data management is critically important in phase I clinical trials. Phase I clinical trials are vastly different from phase II or III clinical trials in terms of these issues. This paper discusses issues of early anticancer drug development to be solved or improved.

4. DOCID:23065 SCORE: 0.00376659991188183
DOCNO: 8695763
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Gene Rearrangement
QUALIFIER: genetics
AUTHOR: D Sheer D
AUTHOR: J Squire J
AFFILIATION: Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, UK.
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
PUBTYPE: Review
JOURNALTITLE: Seminars in cancer biology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Clinical applications of genetic rearrangements in cancer.
PUBDATE: 19960201
Genetic aberrations in cancer cells can be of immediate relevance to the patient. They enable definitive diagnoses to be reached and sub-classification of certain tumour types into good or bad prognostic groups, information which can influence therapy. These aberrations can also be used as tumour markers for monitoring the response to therapy. Major technological advances in the last few years have facilitated these applications in the routine clinical setting and encouraged searches for new genetic markers. As the genes directly affected are identified and their roles in tumorigenesis elucidated, they are likely to provide novel targets for therapeutic intervention.

5. DOCID:21026 SCORE: 0.00369266818461279
DOCNO: 9046828
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: analysis
QUALIFIER: isolation & purification
QUALIFIER: virology
AUTHOR: S Akiba S
AUTHOR: M Tokunaga M
AUTHOR: C Fujiyama C
AFFILIATION: Kagoshima University, Faculty of Medicine.
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
PUBTYPE: Review
JOURNALTITLE: Nippon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine.
COUNTRY: JAPAN
TITLE: [EBV-related stomach cancer and HLA]
PUBDATE: 19970201
Recently, the involvement of EB virus in gastric cancer has drawn world-wide attention. In Japan, it is suspected that EB-virus is related to 5-10% of stomach cancer. In this paper, we briefly reviewed EBV-related immune responses and HLA distributions in EBV-related diseases. A brief description on our recent studies on the comparison of HLA distributions in EB-virus positive and negative stomach cancers was also given.

6. DOCID:21953 SCORE: 0.00361521211743812
DOCNO: 7566929
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
AUTHOR: S Eckhardt S
AFFILIATION: Országos Onkológiai Intézet, Budapest.
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
PUBTYPE: Review
JOURNALTITLE: Orvosi hetilap.
COUNTRY: HUNGARY
TITLE: [Use of taxol in the management of malignant tumors]
PUBDATE: 19950901
Taxol is a novel cytostatic agent which inhibits the depolymerisation of microtubulin. The stabilization of this important substance leads to cellular arrest and consecutively apoptosis. Accordingly, taxol is capable to influence neoplastic growth in several malignancies. At present the following standard regimen is recommended: 175 mg/m2 taxol in a 3-hour i. v. infusion following corticosteroid + diphenhydramine + cimetidine premedication. Its antitumour activity has been proved especially in advanced ovarian and breast cancer. Encouraging results have been reported in various bronchial, testicular malignancies, lymphomas and leukemias. Clinical investigations in several other malignancies are ongoing.

7. DOCID:22354 SCORE: 0.0036019135088954
DOCNO: 9095461
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Bioethics
DESCRIPTOR: Genetic Enhancement
DESCRIPTOR: Morals
DESCRIPTOR: Quality of Life
QUALIFIER: standards
AUTHOR: J M Torres JM
AFFILIATION: Departamento de Humanidades, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahla Blanca, Argentina.
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The Journal of medicine and philosophy.
COUNTRY: NETHERLANDS
TITLE: On the limits of enhancement in human gene transfer: drawing the line.
PUBDATE: 19970201
Enhancement-line human genetic engineering has recurrently been targeted for bioethical discussion and is usually (if not always) illustrated by examples alluding to a genetic technology that is far beyond our current possibilities. By discussing an ambitious project related to solid tumor cancers--multidrug resistance (MDR)--the present paper places the question on a more realistic plane and draws bioethical conclusions to serve as guidelines in the field. The paper also establishes the inadequacy of the prevalent concept of genetic medicine as one of substitution.

8. DOCID:22930 SCORE: 0.00351806754517622
DOCNO: 7847576
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Parent-Child Relations
DESCRIPTOR: Personality Development
DESCRIPTOR: Sick Role
QUALIFIER: psychology
QUALIFIER: psychology
QUALIFIER: psychology
AUTHOR: G H Christ GH
AUTHOR: K Siegel K
AUTHOR: D Sperber D
AFFILIATION: School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, New York.
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The American journal of orthopsychiatry.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Impact of parental terminal cancer on adolescents.
PUBDATE: 19941001
Psychological and emotional concerns of adolescents during a parent's terminal cancer are described. Compared to younger children, the adolescents' greater cognitive and emphatic capacities allowed them to be more aware of losses and of the parent's physical and emotional pain. Parental illness also precipitated conflict around issues of developmentally appropriate separation. The capacity to use intellectual defenses, search for meaning and deeper understanding, and seek help were potent coping abilities. Contrary to the prevailing view, most of the adolescents coped with stress without resorting to severe acting out.

9. DOCID:21436 SCORE: 0.00336729408157091
DOCNO: 11363931
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Cannabis
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: legislation & jurisprudence
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
AUTHOR: B Mirken B
PUBTYPE: Newspaper Article
JOURNALTITLE: AIDS treatment news.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Medical marijuana: the state of the research.
PUBDATE: 19961001
Recent raids on buyers' clubs in San Francisco have focused attention on medicinal uses of marijuana. The Clinton administration's policy is that there is no scientific evidence that smoked marijuana is useful in treating pain and nausea in AIDS and cancer patients. However, mainstream medical literature has supported the use of cannabis in managing symptoms of diseases such as glaucoma and multiple sclerosis. Well designed, controlled studies of marijuana are needed to determine the effective medical uses of the drug and break the political stalemate on this issue.

10. DOCID:22666 SCORE: 0.00329367658349865
DOCNO: 7973921
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: secondary
QUALIFIER: therapy
AUTHOR: A Routh A
AUTHOR: T Khansur T
AUTHOR: B T Hickman BT
AUTHOR: D Bass D
AFFILIATION: Department of Radiotherapy, University of Mississippi, Jackson.
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
PUBTYPE: Review
JOURNALTITLE: Southern medical journal.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Management of brain metastases: past, present, and future.
PUBDATE: 19941201
Brain metastasis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. Because most of these patients die of systemic disease, the primary therapeutic goal is to improve the quality of life. Conventional therapy for brain metastases is usually whole-brain irradiation. Chemotherapy often results in regression of brain metastases in chemosensitive tumors. We review our institutional experience in the treatment of brain metastasis with both radiation and chemotherapy. In the future, improvement in the management of brain metastases will depend on improved chemotherapy, radiosensitizers, and radiotherapy techniques such as stereotactic radiosurgery.

11. DOCID:23007 SCORE: 0.00320622942140642
DOCNO: 7773046
AUTHOR: P P Koopmans PP
AFFILIATION: Department of Medicine, University Hospital Nijmegen, Netherlands.
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Registration of drugs for treating cancer and HIV infection: a plea to carry out phase 3 trials before admission to the market.
PUBDATE: 19950501
Drugs for cancer and HIV infection tend to be admitted to the market on the basis of results from phase 2 trials. Assessing the benefit-risk balance with phase 2 trials often is difficult--the effect of the drug is usually temporary; the correlation between response or improvement of clinical measurements and the patient's wellbeing is often poor; and the side effects of drugs for these fatal diseases are serious. Therefore, although sometimes difficult to conduct, comparative trials that use standard treatment, placebos, or best supportive care remain the cornerstone for reliably assessing the benefit-risk balance.

12. DOCID:22464 SCORE: 0.0031781631383329
DOCNO: 8632741
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: physiology
QUALIFIER: physiology
AUTHOR: R Kannagi R
AFFILIATION: Aichi Cancer Center, Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Nagoya, Japan.
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
PUBTYPE: Review
JOURNALTITLE: Nippon Geka Gakkai zasshi.
COUNTRY: JAPAN
TITLE: [Carbohydrate antigens as cell adhesion molecules]
PUBDATE: 19960201
Some cell surface carbohydrate determinants such as sialyl Lewis A and sialyl Lewis X serve as ligands for the cell adhesion molecules called selectins. These carbohydrate determinants are involved in the adhesion of cancer cells to vascular endothelial cells during the course of hematogenous metastasis of cancer. This review considers primary adhesion of cancer cells to endothelial cells mediated by carbohydrate-selectin interaction followed by the secondary involvement of the classical cell adhesion molecules called integrins in extravasation of cancer cells. Alteration in the glycosyltransferase activities that induce the accelerated synthesis of abnormal carbohydrate determinants on cancer cells is also discussed.

13. DOCID:21621 SCORE: 0.0029939763863713
DOCNO: 8763704
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: secondary
QUALIFIER: pathology
QUALIFIER: secondary
AUTHOR: J Masson J
AUTHOR: I Bereder I
AUTHOR: E Ragni E
AUTHOR: J C Masson JC
AUTHOR: C Richaud C
AFFILIATION: Service d'Urologie, Hôpital Nord, Marseille.
PUBTYPE: Case Reports
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
PUBTYPE: Review
JOURNALTITLE: Progrès en urologie : journal de l'Association française d'urologie et de la Société française d'urologie.
COUNTRY: FRANCE
TITLE: [Kidney cancer and pancreatic metastases. Report of 3 cases]
PUBDATE: 19960601
Simultaneous or secondary pancreatic metastases of primary renal cancer are exceptional and usually delayed. The clinical signs of symptomatic lesions are varied and nonspecific. Computed tomography allows complete investigation and CT angiography visualizes typical hypervascularization, which can be correlated to angiographic examinations. In the light of 3 cases treated surgically with a significant clinical follow-up, the authors review the data of the literature.

14. DOCID:23289 SCORE: 0.00293071665731525
DOCNO: 8022338
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Models, Biological
QUALIFIER: pathology
AUTHOR: S Denic S
AFFILIATION: Lewistown Hospital, PA 17044.
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
PUBTYPE: Review
JOURNALTITLE: Medical hypotheses.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Observations supporting the existence of true local metastases of cancer.
PUBDATE: 19940201
We propose the hypothesis that around a main invading tumor, there are local metastases in the surrounding tissue/organ. They occur as a result of cancer cell migration through the interstitial matrix and we call them true local metastases. They are composed of individual or nested cells but are difficult to identify because of their nonspecific appearance, close location to the irregular surface of the main tumor and observer's inability to deduce a three dimensional structure from a few two-dimensional histological pictures. The propensity of neoplasms to locally metastasize may vary greatly among different types and stages of tumors. Better knowledge of a tumor's three dimensional spread may influence treatment strategy.