0. DOCID:3972 SCORE: 0.00340612547688876
DOCNO: 908270
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: biosynthesis
QUALIFIER: biosynthesis
QUALIFIER: metabolism
AUTHOR: D Juan D
AUTHOR: H F DeLUCA HF
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Endocrinology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: The regulation of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 production in cultures of monkey kidney cells.
PUBDATE: 19771001
Primary kidney cell cultures from normal rhesus monkeys were used to study the regulation of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 production. Kidney cells were grown to confluency in the modified National Cancer Institute Medium NCTC 135 with 2% fetal calf serum and then maintained in a serum-free medium (2% bovine serum albumin) for five additional days prior to a study of regulation. Morphologically, 80% of the cultured cells were epithelial in nautre. These cells produced 24,25-dihydroxy-[3H]vitamin D3 from 25-hydroxy-[3H]-vitamin D3. The identity of the 24,25-dihydroxy-[3H]vitamin D3 was established by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography, by co-chromatography with authentic 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on high pressure liquid columns, and by periodate sensitivity. Bovine parathyroid hormone at a level of 3 U/ml or human 1-34 parathyroid hormone at 0.05 U/ml for five days suppressed 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 production. Nonradioactive 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (13 pmol/ml) added once every two days for eight days led to a 2-fold increase in production of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Exposure of renal cells to 3 mM instead of 1 mM calcium led to a marked increase in 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 production. These results suggest that renal cell cultures may be an important new approach to a study of regulation of the vitamin D renal hydroxylases.


1. DOCID:3316 SCORE: 0.00332664492913642
DOCNO: 47262
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: analysis
QUALIFIER: analysis
QUALIFIER: immunology
AUTHOR: M Seppälä M
AUTHOR: H Pihko H
AUTHOR: E Ruoslahti E
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Carcinoembryonic antigen and alpha fetoprotein in malignant tumors of the female genital tract.
PUBDATE: 19750501
Circulating carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 53 patients with carcinoma of the ovary, 16 patients with other malignant genital tumors, and 31 women with nonmalignant diseases of the genital tract. The serum CEA concentration was elevated (greater than 5 ng/ml) in 11 patients with ovarian cancer, 2 patients with endometrial cancer, 1 patient with carcinoma of the cervix, and 1 patient with a benign embryonal cystic teratoma. Elevated CEA levels were found only in patients with advanced malignant disease, while early stages were associated with normal CEA concentrations. AFP levels were normal in all but 1 patient. Both CEA and AFP levels were markedly raised in a case of advanced genital carcinoma arising probably from the ovary. Ascitic fluid of another patient with ovarian cancer contained a high concentration of CEA, giving an identical reaction in immunodiffusion with CEA from colon cancer. The present results indicate that while the increased expression of carcinofetal components takes place in some malignant tumors of the female genital tract, it is usually a late phenomenon.


2. DOCID:3729 SCORE: 0.00328181370262779
DOCNO: 1247972
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Research
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: N I Berlin NI
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Current status of research in detection and diagnosis.
PUBDATE: 19760101
Following the passage of the National Cancer Act of 1972, the National Cancer Institute created a Division of Cancer Biology and Diagnosis. This marked the renewal of a commitment of the National Cancer Institute to diagnostic research. Within the scope of diagnostic research there are three separate subheadings: screening or detection, diagnosis itself, and prognosis. Asymptomatic individuals are studied by screening procedures to determine if they might have a cancer. Those that are selected by the screen are then subject to definitive diagnostic procedures to determine whether they have a cancer. Prognosis attempts to predict the outcome from knowledge gained in the past. At the present time the only screening method that has been proven in a rigorous manner to be effective in reducing mortality is a combination of a physical examination and mammography for carcinoma of the breast. The Pap test is accepted but precisely how much it has reduced the mortality from cervical carcinoma remains to be determined. The National Cancer Institute is now engaged in research designed to test various aspects of screening to develop new screening techniques and to evaluate them. In the diagnostic field it is particularly concerned with imaging by radiologic means and ultrasound. Visualization by endoscopy is becoming important. These aspects of screening, diagnosis and prognosis will be reviewed.


3. DOCID:3954 SCORE: 0.00299605206867205
DOCNO: 323098
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: biosynthesis
QUALIFIER: metabolism
AUTHOR: A E Schindler AE
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
PUBTYPE: Review
JOURNALTITLE: Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde.
COUNTRY: GERMANY, WEST
TITLE: [Endometrial cancer and extraglandular oestrogen biosynthesis (author's transl)]
PUBDATE: 19770301
An increasing incidence of endometrial cancer caused by a higher life expectancy and a number of other facters (i.e. obesity, diabetes, hypertension, lower pregnancy rate) as well as the unfavorable location for early detection when compared with cervical cancer has initiated this review in order to single out women with increased risk. Clinical characteristics of patients with endometrial cancer represented by age, menstrual disorders, reduced fertility, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, hirsutism, hyperplasia of the ovarian stroma or hilus cells in connection with an increased oestrogen effect in the vaginal smear and proliferative changes of the endometrium can be explained by extraglandular respectively peripheral aromatization of androgens to oestrogens, particular by the conversion of androstenedione to oestrone. This is supported by an increased plasma oestrone/oestradiol-ratio and increased conversion rate with age and overweight. In vivo- and in vitro-investigations have demonstrated the participation of adipose tissue in peripheral oestrogene production. The compiled data point towards the importance of the extraglandular oestrone production for the etiology of endometrial cancer by effecting the endometrium over a long period of time. The counter action of the normally cyclic changes of oestradiol and progesterone is lacking. Therefore, a dysoestrogenic effect of oestrone upon the endometrium can be fully effective, depending on the hormone receptor content of the respective endometrium. Based upon these data including recent publications, pre- and postmenopausal oestrogen therapy has to be critically reevaluated.


4. DOCID:3401 SCORE: 0.00293826014870642
DOCNO: 1253130
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: etiology
AUTHOR: G J D'Angio GJ
AUTHOR: A Meadows A
AUTHOR: V Miké V
AUTHOR: C Harris C
AUTHOR: A Evans A
AUTHOR: N Jaffe N
AUTHOR: W Newton W
AUTHOR: O Schweisguth O
AUTHOR: W Sutow W
AUTHOR: P Morris-Jones P
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Decreased risk of radiation-associated second malignant neoplasms in actinomycin-D-treated patients.
PUBDATE: 19760201
One hundred two long-term survivors of childhood cancers with second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) were collected from 10 institutions. Forty-seven cases fulfilling study criteria were studied to determine the risk of developing a SMN in irradiated fields after exposure to various chemotherapeutic agents. The case control method was used. The risk of developing such tumors was decreased by a factor of 7 in patients receiving actinomycin-D (AMD). The "protective" effect of AMD was more pronounced in patients receiving repeated courses of the agent. No change in relative risk was found for children given antifolates, the vinca alkaloids, or alkylating agents. AMD "protection" is an unexpected finding because the agent is an oncogen in animals and an enhancer of radiation, the latter being a known carcinogen. Possible mechanisms, which remain speculative, are discussed. These results indicate the need for careful long-term observation of cancer survivors to gain understanding of the late effects of multimodal treatments.


5. DOCID:3028 SCORE: 0.00270872898428752
DOCNO: 141951
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: metabolism
QUALIFIER: analogs & derivatives
QUALIFIER: metabolism
QUALIFIER: metabolism
QUALIFIER: metabolism
QUALIFIER: metabolism
QUALIFIER: metabolism
QUALIFIER: metabolism
AUTHOR: L O Sampaio LO
AUTHOR: C P Dietrich CP
AUTHOR: O G Filho OG
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Biochimica et biophysica acta.
COUNTRY: NETHERLANDS
TITLE: Changes in sulfated mucopolysaccharide composition of mammalian tissues during growth and in cancer tissues.
PUBDATE: 19770601
The distribution of sulfated mucopolysaccharides in different tissues during growth and in cancer tissues is reported. It is shown that most of the tissues of 1 day-old rats and rabbits contain chondroitin sulfate A/C, chondroitin sulfate B and heparan sulfate in about the same proportions, whereas in adult animals chondroitin sulfate A/C decreases in concentration or disappears. Changes in the relative proportions of chondroitin sulfate B and heparan sulfate were also observed in most of the tissues. In rats, these changes occur in the first 25 days of extrauterine development. A great increase of chondroitin sulfate A/C was observed in human tumors of different origins when compared with the normal adjacent tissues. Changes in the relative proportions of chondroitin sulfate B and heparan sulfate were also observed in most of the tumors analysed. The possible role of chondroitin sulfate A/C in cell division is discussed in view of the present findings.


6. DOCID:3845 SCORE: 0.00261605002141481
DOCNO: 12307303
OWNER: PIP
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Endometrial Neoplasms
DESCRIPTOR: Estrogens
DESCRIPTOR: Incidence
DESCRIPTOR: Menopause
AUTHOR: C M Proudfit CM
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association.
COUNTRY: United States
TITLE: Estrogens and menopause.
PUBDATE: 19760701
Recent reports suggest that the administration of estrogens to postmenopausal women is associated with an increased risk of developing endometrial cancer. Although the evidence is indirect, it is consistent with the recent introduction into the population of a carcinogen whose primary effect is on the endometrium. Estrogens have often been prescribed for trivial reasons and have been taken for long periods. The median reported length of estrogen use has been 10 years. There is a latency period in the carcinogenic effect so a more frequent incidence of endometrial carcinoma may yet follow. In the meantime, use of estrogens for specific menopausal symptoms is justified. There is less concern in prescribing estrogens for hysterectomized patients. Most emotional problems are better handled by counseling or short-term use of sedatives or tranquilizers. Senile osteoporosis may be benefited by estrogen therapy. Following oophorectomy early in life estrogen treatment may retard onset of osteoporosis but cannot reverse the aging process. Cyclic administration of estrogen use is advised with the lowest effective dose. Vasomotor symptoms require temporary treatment but atrophic vaginitis needs longer therapy. Reevaluation of patients at 6-month intervals at first and then yearly is recommended. A Papanicolaou smear should include material from the endometrial canal. Abnormal bleeding requires investigation. The patient should be informed regarding risks and benefits of estrogen therapy.


7. DOCID:1327 SCORE: 0.00247646814664876
DOCNO: 1190201
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
QUALIFIER: methods
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: T Narisawa T
AUTHOR: C Q Wong CQ
AUTHOR: J H Weisburger JH
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The American journal of digestive diseases.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Evaluation of endoscopic examination of colon tumors in rats.
PUBDATE: 19751001
This study is an evaluation of the use of endoscopic examination to detect MNNG-induced large-bowel tumors in rats. The smallest human fiberbronchoscope was used as a colonoscope for the rats and the full length of the distal large bowel was visualized. The correct diagnosis rate in all rats with and without large-bowel tumors was 94%. Of rats with colon tumors, 85% were correctly diagnosed endoscopically. Even tumors 1 or 2 mm in diameter were detected. The examination was easy and reliable. This procedure may be an adjunct in experimental work with this and other animal models of colon cancer.


8. DOCID:2021 SCORE: 0.00242683612913256
DOCNO: 1111922
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Adrenalectomy
QUALIFIER: therapy
AUTHOR: T L Dao TL
AUTHOR: T Nemoto T
AUTHOR: A Chamberlain A
AUTHOR: I Bross I
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Adrenalectomy with radical mastectomy in the treatment of high-risk breast cancer.
PUBDATE: 19750201
Bilateral adrenalectomy with radical mastectomy has been performed in a series of 17 postmenopausal women with breast cancer having metastasis in four or more axillary lymph nodes. Results to date show that both the recurrence and mortality rates are significantly lowered in this group of "high-risk" breast cancer patients by the combined treatment. Of these 17 patients, 14 are living and well with no evidence of disease. Six are surviving without recurrence 5 or more years since their primary treatment. The study also demonstrated that adrenalectomy patients on hormone replacement therapy are able to lead full and active lives for a long time without complications. This pilot study should be considered as a guide to future clinical trials rather than as an immediate recommendation for general therapy.


9. DOCID:2122 SCORE: 0.00233189735276651
DOCNO: 1248396
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
AUTHOR: R Osieka R
AUTHOR: U Bruntsch U
AUTHOR: W M Gallmeier WM
AUTHOR: S Seeber S
AUTHOR: C G Schmidt CG
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
COUNTRY: GERMANY, WEST
TITLE: [cis-Diamino-dichloro-platinum (II) in the treatment of otherwise treatment-resistant malignant testicular teratoma (author's transl)]
PUBDATE: 19760201
cis-Diamino-dichloro-platinum (II) (DDP, NSC-119875) is an inorganic compound with cytostatic properties which have only recently been appreciated. DDP has an action which may tentatively be described as alkylating through some, as yet unknown, metabolic product. In a phase I study the effectiveness against testicular neoplasma had been established. A prospective trial was, therefore, conducted to test the drug's efficiency in patients with disseminated non-seminomatous testicular cancer refractory to all previously used combinations of chemotherapy. In a group of 22 patients the results were: 1 CR, 14 PR, 2 NC, and 5 PD. Because of these results, DDP was made part of an induction regime for disseminated and non-seminomatous testicular tumors.


10. DOCID:2109 SCORE: 0.00227373880889727
DOCNO: 190477
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: K A Starling KA
AUTHOR: D A Shepherd DA
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The Journal of school health.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Symptoms and signs of cancer in the school-age child.
PUBDATE: 19770301
The American Cancer Society's seven warning signs of cancer are: 1. Unusual bleeding or discharge. 2. A lump or thickening in the breast or elsewhere. 3. A sore that does not heal. 4. Change in bowel or bladder habits. 5. Hoarseness or cough. 6. Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing. 7. Change in size or color of a wart or mole. These signs apply to children as well as to adults. Cancer in children, however, is often more insidious than in adults and may well mimic many other diseases, developmental processess, or childhood psychologic problems. The knowledge that cancer kills more children than any other disease and the awareness of the presenting symptoms and signs may well save a child's life. Early detection with prompt, aggressive therapy is of paramount importance in achieving cures in childhood cancer.


11. DOCID:3351 SCORE: 0.0022704587735876
DOCNO: 941060
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: mortality
AUTHOR: A J Cuchiara AJ
AUTHOR: N R Asal NR
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Southern medical journal.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Laryngeal neoplasm mortality in Oklahoma: 1950-1970.
PUBDATE: 19760701
A survey of death certificates of victims with laryngeal cancer in Oklahoma for the period 1950 to 1970 attempts to corroborate findings of the current literature. Sex-race specific death rates per 100,000 for white, nonwhite, and American Indian populaces displayed a distinct sex and racial pattern: respectively, 38.52, 28.11, and 12.52 for males; 5.25, 1.23, and 0 for females. Age-adjusted death rates per 100,000 for white males for the four consecutive five-year periods were 19.00, 21.64, 20.91, and 26.81; these rates show constant mortality for laryngeal cancer for the period between 1950 and 1965, followed by an increase of approximately 30% in the 1966 to 1970 interval. Similar analysis of the white females, nonwhite males, and nonwhite females did not reveal such a clear secular pattern, although the adjustment for age did preserve the sex and racial pattern indicated above. Age-adjusted laryngeal cancer death rates of 42.34, 46.14, and 48.51 for the rural, nonmetropolitan, and metropolitan counties, respectively, indicated a direct association between mortality and degree of urbanization. All findings appeared to be in concordance with those given in the recent literature.


12. DOCID:3481 SCORE: 0.00223810375560726
DOCNO: 138751
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Antigens, Neoplasm
DESCRIPTOR: Immunity, Cellular
QUALIFIER: immunology
AUTHOR: J H Dean JH
AUTHOR: J L McCoy JL
AUTHOR: G B Cannon GB
AUTHOR: C M Leonard CM
AUTHOR: E Perlin E
AUTHOR: A Kreutner A
AUTHOR: R K Oldham RK
AUTHOR: R B Herberman RB
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Cell-mediated immune responses of breast cancer patients to autologous tumor-associated antigens.
PUBDATE: 19770301
Lymphocyte proliferation assays with autologous tumor material in mixed leukocyte-tumor interactions (MLTI) were employed to monitor tumor-associated cell-mediated immune responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with carcinoma of the breast. In addition, leukocyte migration inhibition (LMI) assays were employed to compare reactivity to autologous breast-tumor extracts versus allogeneic breast-tumor extracts. Positive lymphoproliferative responses to tumor-associated antigens (TAA) were observed in the MLTI assay with the use of either intact autologous tumor cells or crude extracts (in mug and ng quantities) in 12 of 34 (35%) breast cancer patients studied. Positive reactivity to tumor, but not to normal tissue of reactive patients, was observed in repeated assays. Finally, patients demonstrating positive MLTI responses to autologous tumor extracts likewise responded in LMI assays to these same autologus extracts as well as to allogeneic breast-tumor extracts, but not to non-breast-tumor extracts. Thus breast tumors appeared to possess common TAA among both male and female patients.


13. DOCID:3331 SCORE: 0.00222351750811925
DOCNO: 1276467
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Drug Therapy
DESCRIPTOR: Hematopoietic Stem Cells
AUTHOR: C M Richman CM
AUTHOR: R S Weiner RS
AUTHOR: R A Yankee RA
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Blood.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Increase in circulating stem cells following chemotherapy in man.
PUBDATE: 19760601
The number of circulating granulocytic stem cells (CFU-C) was determined by the in vitro methylcellulose technique in cancer patients receiving intermittent chemotherapy. In 17 patients studied prior to therapy, the median CFU-C concentration per 2 X 10(5) mononuclear cells plated was six, compared to a posttreatment median of 23 in 21 patients (p less than 0.001). Large numbers of stem cells were obtained by leukopheresis and cryopreserved with a 99.5% median CFU-C recovery. Cyclical changes in the concentration of stem cells with maximum values of 20 times baseline were demonstrated in a patient studied at weekly intervals during multiple courses of treatment. It was estimated that, at peak CFU-C concentrations, a quantity of stem cells equivalent to that present in a bulk bone marrow harvest could be obtained from the peripheral blood by a 17-liter pheresis. These results suggest that it may be practical to obtain an adequate number of stem cells from the peripheral blood to study autologous stem cell infusion as a means of averting myelosuppression in patients receiving intensive chemotherapy.


14. DOCID:3098 SCORE: 0.00222021842711619
DOCNO: 1114874
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: surgery
AUTHOR: J C Lavigne JC
AUTHOR: C J Desaive CJ
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Acta chirurgica Belgica.
COUNTRY: BELGIUM
TITLE: Cancer of the breast. A study of prognostic factors as a guide in selecting cases for conservative treatment.
PUBDATE: 19750101
We have analysed 2.649 observations of cancer of the breast in order to study factors influencing the prognosis. We have found a definitive relationship between the extend of the primary tumor, the condition of the regional lymph nodes and the presence or absence of metastases. A careful clinical examination remains of the utmost importance to assess the characteristics of tumor and nodes. This associated with systematic search for bone and pulmonary metastases, are the basic elements of a sound prognosis. The systematic removal of the internal and external mammary node chains in the surgical cases are indispensable to complete the clinical data. So defined the stage of the disease at the time of the first treatment is by far the most important factor in assessing the prognosis. Concerning the treatment, we have obtained better results with surgery associated with radiotherapy than with surgery alone. Therefore in early cases, that is to say cancer confined to the breast, we feel justified to apply conservative surgery associated with radiotherapy.