0. DOCID:3883 SCORE: 0.00629626710065732
DOCNO: 1203873
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
AUTHOR: M Hakama M
AUTHOR: T Hakulinen T
AUTHOR: L Teppo L
AUTHOR: E Saxen E
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Incidence, mortality or prevalence as indicators of the cancer problem.
PUBDATE: 19751201
The magnitude of the cancer problem, as conveyed by the incidence, mortality and prevalence figures, was studied by analysis of the material of the Finnish Cancer Registry from 1953-1970. The prevalence was defined as the number of persons who had cancer, or had ever had cancer, and were living on December 31, 1970. The incidence and mortality of cancer in males exceeded those in respect of females, whereas the prevalence with females was clearly higher than that with males. According to all 3 indices, the commonest site of cancer was in the lungs in males. In females, cancer of the breast was the commonest malignant neoplasm measured by incidence and prevalence, where as in mortality statistics it was second to cancer of the stomach. Cancers with poor prognosis such as cancer of the lung, stomach, pancreas and esophagus, and leukemia, exhibited relatively low prevalence figures, whereas cancers with good prognosis, such as cancer of the breast, uterus, larynx and lip, showed relatively large numbers of prevalent cases. In females, cancer of the genitals, including the breasts, constituted nearly as may prevalent cases as did the total figure in males. As the 3 cancer indices measure different things, the nature of the index used should be taken into account in evaluation of the magnitude of the cancer problem.

1. DOCID:3823 SCORE: 0.00612180474592139
DOCNO: 778283
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: blood supply
AUTHOR: T J Ryan TJ
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
PUBTYPE: Review
JOURNALTITLE: The Journal of investigative dermatology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: The blood vessels of the skin.
PUBDATE: 19760701
During the last 25 years, cutaneous biologists have been particularly interested in abnormal cutaneous vascular patterns, the profusion of capillary anastomoses, the leakiness of venules, clotting, fibrinolysis, and blood viscosity. As a result, the effects of hypoxia and the factors that encourage new vessel proliferation are better understood than before. Only when the biologic behavior of the two extremes of growth from hypoplasia to hyperplasia is studied and compared can the blood supply of a tissue be understood. Hyperplastic tissues are seen in wounds, psoriasis, cancer, and in selected sites of chronic stasis and hypoxia where the vessels are extremely permeable, where blood cells easily escape, and where lymphatics dilate and proliferate. The proliferation of other tissues, such as endothelium, epithelium, mast cells, and probably of locally infective organisms, is also encouraged in hyperplasia. Moreover, fibrinolysis does not occur and fibrin is deposited, the electrostatic charge on the internal vascular surface becomes more positive, and the organ is more vulnerable to subsequent injury. Atrophic or hypoplastic tissues have a reduced cellular turnover and are less hypoxic. The vessels are less permeable, blood cells do not escape, there is only a slight tendency to clot, and fibrinolysis is often increased. Lymphatics are sparse and infection is not a feature. The electrostatic charge on the internal surface of the vessel is negative.

2. DOCID:6810 SCORE: 0.00439733296461983
DOCNO: 447014
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: genetics
QUALIFIER: genetics
AUTHOR: A Watanabe A
AUTHOR: H Nagashima H
AUTHOR: M Motoi M
AUTHOR: K Ogawa K
PUBTYPE: Case Reports
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Gastroenterology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Familial juvenile polyposis of the stomach.
PUBDATE: 19790701
Innumerable polyps of the stomach were recognized in a 13-yr old girl. She had no extragastric polyps on roentgenographic and endoscopic studies. Her elder brother received a subtotal gastrectomy because of gastric polyposis at 14 yr of age. Their mother died of gastric cancer at 37 yr of age. Only these three subjects in this family had unusual brown hair and were low in normal intelligence. Polyps produced chronic and severe loss of both blood and protein, which resolved after a subtotal gastrectomy at 18 yr of age. Macroscopic and histologic observations of polyps in the resected stomach confirmed the diagnosis of juvenile polyposis. Both siblings are now in good health. Classification of this hereditary syndrome as a newly recognized entity, familial juvenile polyposis of the stomach, is proposed.

3. DOCID:3771 SCORE: 0.00436937953501672
DOCNO: 770204
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Diet
DESCRIPTOR: Nutrition
QUALIFIER: etiology
AUTHOR: E L Wynder EL
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
PUBTYPE: Review
JOURNALTITLE: Federation proceedings.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Nutrition and cancer.
PUBDATE: 19760501
There is increasing epidemiological evidence that nutrition plays a dominant role in the pathogenesis of several types of human cancers. There is considerable epidemiological evidence showing that alcoholism in part because of associated nutritional deficiencies, significantly increases the risk of smokers for cancer of the alimentary tract. There is also some suggestion that nutritional deficiencies may relate to cancers of the stomach, cervix, and thyroid. Of particular importance, and based on relatively new concepts, are data indicating that overnutrition significantly affects the development of certain cancers, including cancers of the colon and pancreas, kidney, breast, ovary endometrium, and prostate. Except for cancer of the endometrium, and kidney cancer in women, there is no significant relationship to obesity. Rather, the evidence suggests both epidemiologically and experimentally that the etiological factors relate to a high intake of fats and possibly other variables associated with high fat intake. While we are investigating the mechanistic nature of the epidemiological and experimental observations, the question that needs to be asked is whether it is not prudent for us to associate ourselves with the recommendation of our colleagues in the cardiovascular disease field who call on both individuals and the food industry to practice a "Prudent Diet," i.e., one that is lower in total calories, total fat, saturated fats and cholesterol than is the present American diet.

4. DOCID:3799 SCORE: 0.00424525206332218
DOCNO: 1071089
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Registries
QUALIFIER: pathology
QUALIFIER: pathology
AUTHOR: S E Larsson SE
AUTHOR: R Lorentzon R
AUTHOR: L Boquist L
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Fibrosarcoma of bone. A demographic, clinical and histopathological study of all cases recorded in the Swedish cancer registry from 1958 to 1968.
PUBDATE: 19761101
The clinical records, radiographs and histopathological material of all forty-one patients recorded as suffering from fibrosarcoma of bone in the Swedish Cancer Registry for the years 1958 to 1968 have been analysed; in addition, four cases were found on histological review of a series of osteosarcomas. From this re-examination, twenty-four patients with genuine fibrosarcoma of bone were identified; twenty-two had primary neoplasms and two secondary. No sex or geographical differences were found. The tumours showed a prevalence for patients in the adult and older age groups. Half of the tumours arose from femoral or tibial metaphysial bone adjacent to a knee joint. All the tumours were of the medullary type. Almost one-third presented with a pathological fracture, and soft-tissue extension had occurred in all but three tumours. In contrast to previous reports, these tumours were more malignant than osteosarcomas and showed a five-year survival rate of only 4-2 per cent. In accessible sites, ablative surgery was used as the primary treatment, Fibrosarcoma of bone is a distinctive lesion and should be distinguished carefully from periosteal and soft-tissue fibrosarcomas because of differences in prognosis and treatment.

5. DOCID:3979 SCORE: 0.00420030062849208
DOCNO: 174814
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: metabolism
QUALIFIER: enzymology
QUALIFIER: enzymology
QUALIFIER: metabolism
AUTHOR: A L Singer AL
AUTHOR: R P Sherwin RP
AUTHOR: A S Dunn AS
AUTHOR: M M Appleman MM
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer research.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases in neoplastic and nonneoplastic human mammary tissues.
PUBDATE: 19760101
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity was studied in 33 malignant neoplastic, 2 benign neoplastic, and 18 nonneoplastic human mammary tissues. Enzyme activity, using both cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate and cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monosphosphate as substrates, was measured in whole homogenates over a concentration range of 1 to 100 muM. Specific activity was calculated at substrate concentrations of 1 muM (low KM enzyme activity) and 100 muM (high KM activity). Diethylaminoethyl cellulose chromatography was used to separate the different enzyme species. The malignant neoplastic tissues had higher levels of both low-KM cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate and low-KM cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterases. Further, the mean value of the ratio of low-km cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate to low-KM cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate activity was higher for the cancer tissues than for the nonneoplastic tissues. Diethylaminoethyl cellulose chromatography indicated the presence of three enzymes in both neoplastic and nonneoplastic mammary tissue. The kinetic as well as regulatory properties of the separated enzymes indicated that they are distinct enzyme activities. The phosphodiesterase properties were similar for neoplastic and nonneoplastic tissues and resembled those described previously in many other mammalian tissues. While both neoplastic and nonneoplastic tissues had detectable levels of the protein activator for phosphodiesterase, the cancer tissues appeared to have a higher level.

6. DOCID:3681 SCORE: 0.00413815951711648
DOCNO: 1083285
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: radiation effects
QUALIFIER: radiotherapy
QUALIFIER: radiation effects
AUTHOR: M Raben M
AUTHOR: N Walach N
AUTHOR: U Galili U
AUTHOR: M Schlesinger M
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: The effect of radiation therapy on lymphocyte subpopulations in cancer patients.
PUBDATE: 19760301
The proportion of T and B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood was determined in patients with either mammary cancer or with various pelvic malignancies. In cancer patients studied prior to irradiation the level of cells forming either E-rosettes or EAC'-rosettes was similar to that found among healthy controls. Radiation therapy resulted in a striking lymphopenia. The level of cells with T-cell markers was diminished to a greater extent than the level of cells with B-cell markers. The relative proportion of T-cells forming high affinity E-rosettes was not reduced following radiation, so that it can be concluded that radiation affects predominantly the subpopulation of T-cells which do not form high affinity E-rosettes. Irradiation of the pelvic area resulted in a more rapid reduction of the level of T lymphocytes than irradiation of the mediastinum, although the final relative proportions of the cells were similar in both groups of patients. The results of the present study suggest that the reduction of the level of T lymphocytes following irradiation results from its effect on the lymphocytes in the major blood vessels, and that radiation of the thymus is not a prerequisite for this phenomenon.

7. DOCID:6565 SCORE: 0.004000421898691
DOCNO: 669846
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: pathology
AUTHOR: T Nagayo T
AUTHOR: H Yokoyama H
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.
COUNTRY: DENMARK
TITLE: Recent changes in the morphology of gastric cancer in Japan.
PUBDATE: 19780401
The macroscopical and histological features of 4,428 cases of gastric cancer resected stomachs was noted.d surgically between 1953 and 1974 were studied. Of these cases, 81.9% were in an advanced stage and 18.1% in an early stage. The following changes were observed. (1) In the group of advanced cancers, a gradual decrease in the frequency of Borrmann II type was noted. Most of these tumors were well-differentiated adenocarcinomas. (2) In the group of early cancers, a gradual increase in the proportion of "cancerous erosion" was detected. The majority of these tumors were poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas or infiltrating signet-ring cell cancers. (3) At intervals of 10 years, 5-10% decrease in the frequency of intestinal metaplasia in resected stomachs was noted.

8. DOCID:3604 SCORE: 0.00365346433766243
DOCNO: 304003
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
QUALIFIER: immunology
AUTHOR: B M Vose BM
AUTHOR: F Vánky F
AUTHOR: S Argov S
AUTHOR: E Klein E
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: European journal of immunology.
COUNTRY: GERMANY, WEST
TITLE: Natural cytotoxicity in man: activity of lymph node and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.
PUBDATE: 19771101
Lymphocytes from blood, lymph node and tumor have been tested for cytotoxicity against the K562 cell line which is known to be highly sensitive to lysis by spontaneously reactive cells. Cytotoxicity was found in all 13 samples from healthy donors and in 17/32 cancer patients. By contrast, activity was determined in only 1/18 lymph node and 1/14 preparations of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Lymph node cells were similarly nonreactive against 3 other cell lines known to be sensitive to natural cytotoxicity. Studies of the composition of the effector populations revealed no absolute deficit of a particular cell type although there were differences between them resulting from the different isolation procedures used. Enrichment of the lymph node population for non-T, non-B lymphocyte was ineffective in inducing cytotoxicity in previously nonreactive samples although this procedure uniformly increased the cytotoxic potential of blood lymphocytes. Tests with blood taken during operation showed that the lack of reactivity in these preparations was unlikely to be a result of the effects of anesthesia or surgery. The reason for the low cytotoxicity in the lymph node and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes is as yet undefined.

9. DOCID:7692 SCORE: 0.00365248193786192
DOCNO: 308023
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Lymphocyte Activation
QUALIFIER: biosynthesis
QUALIFIER: blood
AUTHOR: M Gojobori M
AUTHOR: H Mashiba H
AUTHOR: K Matsunaga K
AUTHOR: S Jimi S
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Gann = Gan.
COUNTRY: JAPAN
TITLE: Lymphotoxin production in cancer patients: possible relation to blastogenesis and the degree of tumor disease.
PUBDATE: 19780401
Peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy donors, cancer patients, and noncancer patients were cultured with or without phytohemagglutinin (PHA) for 3 days, supernatant containing lymphotoxin (LT) was added to L cells, and LT activities were examined. LT release by PHA-stimulated lymphocytes from patients with uterine cervical cancer in stages 0 and I decreased and the degree of the decrease was much more marked in stage IV. However, LT activities released spontaneously without PHA were higher in patients with uterine myoma, patients with uterine cervical cancer in stages II to IV, patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, and patients with gastro-intestinal cancer. Relation of LT release and blastogenesis following stimulation with PHA was also examined. Correlation was observed in only 14 out of 43 patients with uterine cervical cancer (32.6%). The role of LT in cancer patients was discussed.

10. DOCID:2681 SCORE: 0.00363051427644015
DOCNO: 890657
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: enzymology
QUALIFIER: biosynthesis
QUALIFIER: biosynthesis
QUALIFIER: enzymology
AUTHOR: M Yokoyama M
AUTHOR: T Natsuizaka T
AUTHOR: Y Ishii Y
AUTHOR: S Ohshima S
AUTHOR: A Kasagi A
AUTHOR: S Tateno S
PUBTYPE: Case Reports
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Amylase-producing lung cancer: ultrastructural and biochemical studies.
PUBDATE: 19770801
A case of lung cancer with elevated amylase activity in serum, urine, and tumor tissue was studied electron microscopically and biochemically. Ultrastructurally, there were numerous electron-dense granules in the cytoplasm of most tumor cells. These granules were located in the apical region of tumor cells and had a single limiting membrane, associated with a clear zone just beneath it. Furthermore, circular, lamellar and annulate structures, which closely resembled those observed within zymogen granules of the salivary glands in postnatal mice and rats, were sometimes recognized within these granules. These observations suggested that these granules were identical to a postnatal or immature form of zymogen granules in salivary glands. Biochemical analysis confirmed that the amylases obtained from the tumor tissue were composed of the sialic acid-containing glycoprotein, which was not found in normal amylases. A possible histogenesis of the amylase-producing lung cancer was briefly discussed.

11. DOCID:3925 SCORE: 0.00361048541565471
DOCNO: 404913
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: radiotherapy
QUALIFIER: metabolism
QUALIFIER: immunology
QUALIFIER: radiotherapy
AUTHOR: Z L Olkowski ZL
AUTHOR: J R McLaren JR
AUTHOR: S A Wilkins SA
AUTHOR: A J Maruszczak AJ
AUTHOR: A B Kirchner AB
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: AJR. American journal of roentgenology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Cytochemical and immunologic of women treated for squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.
PUBDATE: 19770501
A total of 126 individuals were tested for circulating T lymphocyte levels: 10 patients with stage I-III squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix before treatment; 65 women previously treated with radiation for stage I and II squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix; and 51 healthy age-matched controls. Percentages of aneuploid cells and DNA content in vaginal or cervical smears were determined in 94 patients. All patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix had lower ratios and levels of circulating T lymphocytes than healthy controls. Cytologic and cytochemical DNA studies of vaginal and cervical smears revealed that these individuals had high percentages of aneuploid cells in cervical smears as well as high DNA values. Patients with no evidence of dysplasia had increased circulating T lymphocyte levels compared to pretreatment values, a lower number of aneuploid cells, and mean DNA values close to diploid cells. Based on cytologic and quantitative DNA studies of vaginal and cervical smears, postirradiation dysplasia was diagnosed in 17 of 65 women previously treated by radiation for squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. No difference in the levels of circulating T lymphocytes between women with postirradiation dysplasia and women without this mucosal disorder and no evidence of cancer was found.

12. DOCID:6730 SCORE: 0.00359852145687662
DOCNO: 438630
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: pathology
QUALIFIER: pathology
QUALIFIER: pathology
QUALIFIER: pathology
QUALIFIER: pathology
AUTHOR: R C Henry RC
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The Journal of laryngology and otology.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: The transformation of laryngeal leucoplakia to cancer.
PUBDATE: 19790501
In the transformation of laryngeal keratosis to cancer what one may be witnessing is a progression from normal epithelium to keratosis without cellular atypia, through varying degrees of atypia to the stage of carcinoma-in-situ when the full thickness of the epithelium is occupied by atypical cells until finally, with breaching of the basement membrane, an invasive carcinoma occurs (Fig. 12). Although this is, in theory, an attractive sequence, in practice it seems rare to detect an alteration in the epithelium from keratosis without atypia to keratosis with atypia and furthermore most of the carcinomas which developed were not in-situ but invasive. Therefore the significant pathway is probably a change from normal non-keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium via keratosis with atypia to invasive carcinoma (Fig. 13).

13. DOCID:2745 SCORE: 0.00352680818279332
DOCNO: 991124
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: blood
QUALIFIER: metabolism
QUALIFIER: metabolism
QUALIFIER: metabolism
AUTHOR: J Shimamura J
AUTHOR: L Fridhandler L
AUTHOR: J E Berk JE
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Unusual isomaylase in cancer-associated hyperamylasemia.
PUBDATE: 19761101
Hyperamylasemia and hyperamylasuria were found in two patients with carcinoma of the pancreas and in two other patients with carcinoma of the lung. Detailed isoamylase analyses were conducted on the serum amylase of three and the urine amylase of all four of these patients, using a modified chromatographic procedure. The studies demonstrated the existence, in one of the lung cancer patients and in one of the patients with pancreatic cancer, of an unusual component of amylase given the designation "Y." This component had also been noted in some human milk samples. In one of the lung cancer patients, an isoamylase was found in the serum and urine after radiation treatment that was close to but not identical to the Y isoamylase in chromatographic position. Although a relationship of isoamylase component Y to generating tissue is suggested by these findings, such a relationship of isoamylase component Y to generating tissue is suggested by these findings, such a relationship remains to be proven.

14. DOCID:3858 SCORE: 0.00348028836160513
DOCNO: 561030
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Blood Glucose
QUALIFIER: administration & dosage
QUALIFIER: blood
AUTHOR: H G Luppmann HG
AUTHOR: D Graichen D
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Infusionstherapie und klinische Ernährung.
COUNTRY: SWITZERLAND
TITLE: [Glucose and K+ balance during high-dosage intravenous glucose infusion]
PUBDATE: 19770601
Intravenous infusion of glucose in high dosage was given to 42 tumor patients, attaining a hyperglycemia of about 40 mg/100 ml over a period of 24 hours. This hyperglycemia is a part of the so-called "cancer-multistep-therapie". During the period of glucose-infusion a water-turnover of about 6,000 ml can be registered which is connected with a requirement of glucose of about 2,000 g. Only 1/3 of this amount is loosing by renal excretion, but 2/3 are metabolised to correspond with a glucose-uptake of 0,94 g and a glucosuria of 0,32 g per kg bodyweight and hour. Requirement of glucose and glucose uptake are in inverse proportion to the age of the patients and to the duration of hyperglycemia. Further a "glucose-potassium-equivalent" existed: about 10 mval potassium per 100 g infused glucose, whereas the netto uptake of potassium is 0,049 mval per g of metabolised glucose. Acid-base-equilibrium and red blood-picture did not show any relevant variations while typical deviations of some other parameters (cardiac-frequency, body-temperature), white blood-picture) are can be associated with the so-called "general adaptation syndrom". The findings are discussed in view of their general importance for the parenteral application of glucose.