0. DOCID:3676 SCORE: 0.0101116612580901
DOCNO: 189898
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: radiotherapy
QUALIFIER: radiotherapy
AUTHOR: C A Perez CA
PUBTYPE: Clinical Trial
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Radiation therapy in the management of carcinoma of the lung.
PUBDATE: 19770201
Carcinoma of the lung is the most common cancer in men in the United States and a major cause of death. This is due to the inadequate techniques for screening of high-risk patients and for detection of the tumor in early stages, before distant dissemination occurs. Although some progress has been made in the past, particularly in improving the knowledge of natural history and pathological characteristics of the disease, and there are better indications for surgical treatment and irradiation and the effective use of cytotoxic agents in selected groups of patients, particularly those with small cell undifferentiated carcinoma, the mortality rate is still very high. A great deal of investigation remains to be done in carcinoma of the lung concerning the basic cell kinetics of the tumor and the optimal conditions for the use of surgery, irradiation, chemotherapy or combinations of these agents in the treatment of these patients before survival rates can be substantially improved. Since the most important factor in patient mortality is distant tumor dissemination, it must be stressed that parameters other than survival should be used to evaluate the effectiveness of irradiation, surgery or combinations in the control of local and regional bronchogenic carcinoma. These efforts should be intensified through properly designed clinical trials.

1. DOCID:3156 SCORE: 0.0067288469725616
DOCNO: 974001
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: urine
QUALIFIER: urine
QUALIFIER: urine
AUTHOR: F Gielen F
AUTHOR: J Dequeker J
AUTHOR: A Drochmans A
AUTHOR: J Wildiers J
AUTHOR: M Merlevede M
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: British journal of cancer.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Relevance of hydroxyproline excretion to bone metastasis in breast cancer.
PUBDATE: 19760901
In 181 consecutive patients with breast cancer, urinary hydroxyproline excretion has been critically evaluated in conjunction with clinical, biochemical, radiological and scintigraphic parameters. The urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio is a sensitive index of the presence of bone metastases. Urinary hydroxyproline excretion is a reliable method of selecting those patients whose elevated serum alkaline phosphatase is secondary to bone disease rather than liver idsease. The estimation of hydroxyproline excretion furthermore gives information on the activity of bone metastasis, and its response to treatment, which cannot be given by radiological or scintigraphic methods. It is doubtful whether urinary hydroxyproline estimation will help to detect bone metastases before they are apparent on scintigrams. When the bone scan is doubtful, as often occurs in older subjects, hydroxyproline excretion has been found to be helpful in classifying the patient. When scintigraphy is not available, an elevation of hydroxyproline excretion, together with an elevation of Ca/cr ratio or alkaline phosphatase activity, may pre-date by several months the radiological demonstration of osseous metastases.

2. DOCID:3022 SCORE: 0.00543369772221965
DOCNO: 1115058
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Mortality
DESCRIPTOR: Radiology
DESCRIPTOR: Specialties, Medical
QUALIFIER: mortality
QUALIFIER: mortality
AUTHOR: G M Matanoski GM
AUTHOR: R Seltser R
AUTHOR: P E Sartwell PE
AUTHOR: E L Diamond EL
AUTHOR: E A Elliott EA
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: American journal of epidemiology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: The current mortality rates of radiologists and other physician specialists: deaths from all causes and from cancer.
PUBDATE: 19750301
The cohort mortality experience of radiologists and other specialists over a 50-year period was examined on the assumption that these groups would differ relative to a presumed decrease in radiation exposure. Radiologists had an excess in all-cause mortality rates compared to the other specialists for all cohorts who entered the Radiological Society of North America before 1940; the excess remained even when the cancer deaths were removed from the rates. These data are consistent with the concept of accelerated aging due to radiation. The cancer mortality rates for radiologists were higher than those of other specialists for an additional decade through 1949. The 1950-1959 cohort had not aged sufficiently to demonstrate the expected peak cancer mortality in the 60-64 year age group. Several hypotheses are presented to suggest reasons for differences in the trends of age-specific cancer mortality by cohorts of entry.

3. DOCID:2925 SCORE: 0.00528182734094647
DOCNO: 1247233
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: M E Whitcomb ME
AUTHOR: E Barham E
AUTHOR: A L Goldman AL
AUTHOR: D C Green DC
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The American review of respiratory disease.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Indications for mediastinoscopy in bronchogenic carcinoma.
PUBDATE: 19760201
In an attempt to formulate indications for mediastinoscopy, the histologic tumor type and the radiographic manifestations of the tumor were correlated with the occurrence of mediastinal node metastases in 121 patients who had potentially resectable bronchogenic carcinoma. Our results demonstrated that mediastinal metastases occur commonly in patients with central lesions irrespective of cell type, but that the histologic tumor type has a definite influence on the frequency of mediastinal involvement in patients with parenchymal masses or peripheral lesions. Our results also demonstrated that the absence of radiographic evidence of mediastinal involvement cannot be given strong consideration when selecting patients for mediastinoscopy, because almost 50 per cent of patients with mediastinal involvement did not have mediastinal widening on the chest roentgenogram. Our results, in conjunction with currently accepted principles governing the management of patients with bronchogenic carcinoma, have allowed us to propose a logical approach for the use of mediastinoscopy in the prethoracotomy evaluation of patients with potentially resectable lung cancer.

4. DOCID:2977 SCORE: 0.00480774579347133
DOCNO: 357239
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
QUALIFIER: immunology
QUALIFIER: immunology
AUTHOR: H Manabe H
AUTHOR: K Yasumoto K
AUTHOR: M Ohta M
AUTHOR: K Toyohira K
AUTHOR: K Nomoto K
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Gann = Gan.
COUNTRY: JAPAN
TITLE: Effect of anticancer therapy of lymphocyte cytotoxicity in lung cancer patients.
PUBDATE: 19770801
Cytotoxicity of lymphocytes against allogeneic target cells of a bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma was examined by a microcytotoxicity test in lung cancer patients after the various kinds of anticancer treatment. Cytotoxicity in untreated cases at stages I, II, and III was higher than the range of controls, but cytotoxicity in those at stage IV decreased to the range of controls. Tumor resection augmented cytotoxicity in patients at stages II and III, when the assays were carried out 3 weeks after the operation. Local irradiation of tumors augmented cytotoxicity in patients at stages II, III, and IV, when the assays were carried out 1 week after the last irradiation. Immunotherapy with BCG cell-wall skeleton augmented cytotoxicity to a marked degree in patients at stages I, II, III, and IV, when the assays were carried out after 4 months of a continuous treatment. The microcytotoxicity test may be useful for estimating the reactivity of lymphocytes in lung cancer patients in various situations.

5. DOCID:2642 SCORE: 0.00455501242402054
DOCNO: 1227863
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: analysis
QUALIFIER: metabolism
QUALIFIER: analysis
QUALIFIER: analysis
QUALIFIER: analysis
AUTHOR: B A Fowler BA
AUTHOR: R C Fay RC
AUTHOR: R L Walter RL
AUTHOR: R D Willis RD
AUTHOR: W F Gutknecht WF
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Environmental health perspectives.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Levels of toxic metals in marine organisms collected from Southern California coastal waters.
PUBDATE: 19751201
Emission of toxic trace metals into southern California coastal waters has resulted in the extensive accumulation of the elements within marine sediments. The current study was undertaken to evaluate concentrations of trace metals in bottom-dwelling marine fauna collected from two sampling areas. Analyses carried out on muscle samples of the dover sole (Microstomus pacificus) and the crab (Cancer anthonyi) by proton-induced x-ray emission analysis showed considerable concentrations of arsenic and selenium. Samples of gonads, digestive gland, and muscle from the crab Mursia gaudichaudii analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy showed elemental concentrations in muscle similar to the crab Cancer anthonyi and much higher metal levels in gonad and digestive gland. These findings suggest the need for further studies concerning the relationship between emission of metals into the marine environment and their abundance in marine fauna.

6. DOCID:2403 SCORE: 0.00392097070706099
DOCNO: 1182665
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: etiology
QUALIFIER: etiology
QUALIFIER: etiology
QUALIFIER: etiology
AUTHOR: P Ironside P
AUTHOR: J Matthews J
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Adenocarcinoma of the nose and paranasal sinuses in woodworkers in the state of Victoria, Australia.
PUBDATE: 19750901
The case index of the Cancer Institute of Victoria (Australia) contained 19 cases of adenocarcinoma of the nose and paranasal sinuses. Eighteen of the cases were in men and 1 in a women. Routine questioning of these patients revealed an occupation involving woodworking in 7 cases, whereas among 80 cases of other malignant tumors of the nose and sinuses there were only 4 who had been woodworkers. Among the patients with adenocarcinoma of the nose and sinuses, there was a significantly higher proportion of woodworkers than in the general population. The findings are consistent with European reports associating nasal adenocarcinoma with wood dust, but whereas the workers at risk in Europe are mainly in the furniture industry, some of the workers affected in Victoria have been sawmillers or carpenters. The specific salivary patterns of tumors of mucous glands are not associated with woodworking.

7. DOCID:7163 SCORE: 0.00381108465398474
DOCNO: 7390144
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Attitude to Health
QUALIFIER: methods
QUALIFIER: psychology
AUTHOR: J W Worden JW
AUTHOR: A D Weisman AD
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: General hospital psychiatry.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Do cancer patients really want counseling?
PUBDATE: 19800601
Newly diagnosed cancer patients who were screened as being "at risk" for future psychosocial distress were offered a counseling program, covering the period from hospital discharge to resumption of regular activity. More than two-thirds of "at risk" patients accepted. Those who refused the program tended to be more antagonistic or apprehensive than those who accepted. Refusers denied difficulties, minimized problems, and in certain instances were truculent and suspicious. Some refusers did not wish to be interviewed, for fear that social and emotional equilibrium would be disturbed; they rejected counseling, which was felt to be either an immediate threat or an omen of disaster. Accepters, while as much "at risk," did not deny, but felt more hopeless. Differences in cancer site, stage, symptoms, treatment, availability of significant others, age, sex, social status, and so forth were not significant.

8. DOCID:3931 SCORE: 0.00358747098291974
DOCNO: 1130871
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: surgery
QUALIFIER: surgery
QUALIFIER: surgery
QUALIFIER: surgery
QUALIFIER: surgery
AUTHOR: K W Warren KW
AUTHOR: D S Choe DS
AUTHOR: J Plaza J
AUTHOR: M Relihan M
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Annals of surgery.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Results of radical resection for periampullary cancer.
PUBDATE: 19750501
This report concerns 348 pancreatoduodenectomies, including 13 total pancreatectomies. Operative mortality over 30 years was 15%, operative mortality since 1962, 10%. Precise factors influencing operability, mortality, morbidity, and long-term palliation or cure are emphasized. The necessity for making a distinction among tumors arising in the ampulla of Vater, the intrapancreatic portion of the common bile duct, and the duodenum surrounding the papilla of Vater and carcinomas arising in the head of the pancreas is the most important factor in the approach to periampullary malignant tumors. Even with this large experience, the impression of the operating surgeon at the time of resection was incorrect in 10% of the patients in whom a reons who do not resect carcinomas arising in the head of the pancreas and who may have had less experience in this specialized field may be rejecting an even larger per cent of patients with more favorable periampullary malignant tumors. The influence of previous exploration, manipulation, and biopsy on morbidity, mortality, and survival is discussed. The significance of nodal involvement and residual tumor at the neck of the pancreas and the point of division of the common bile duct and the uncinate process is discussed. These data justify continued selective application of pancreatoduodenectomy for periampullary cancer and identify areas where further improvement can be made.

9. DOCID:3621 SCORE: 0.00351003781238115
DOCNO: 606790
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: immunology
QUALIFIER: pharmacology
AUTHOR: J E Allison JE
AUTHOR: W P Glezen WP
AUTHOR: L H Taber LH
AUTHOR: A Paredes A
AUTHOR: R G Webster RG
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The Journal of infectious diseases.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of bivalent influenza A and monovalent influenza B virus vaccines in high-risk children.
PUBDATE: 19771201
Seventy-nine high-risk children were immunized with either commercial, bivalent, split-product influenza A vaccine or purified hemagglutinin-neuraminidase bivalent influenza A vaccine, and 78 of these subjects were immunized with commercial, monovalent, influenza B split-product vaccine. The reactogenicity of all three vaccines was low, and there were no severe reactions. Twenty-nine subjects who received hemagglutinin-neuraminidase vaccine as their initial dose and commercial split-product vaccine as a booster dose had significantly lower antibody responses to influenza A/New Jersey/76 virus than subjects who received two doses of commercial split-product vaccine. The responses of the two groups to influenza A/Victoria/75 virus were comparable. Twenty-four subjects with malignancy who were receiving chemotherapy were compared with a group of subjects matched for age and vaccine preparation. Patients with cancer had significantly lower antibody responses to A/New Jersey/76 virus than patients without cancer. The ultimate responses of patients with cancer to A/Victoria/75 and B/Hong Kong/72 viruses were comparable to those of other patients, but early responses were lower.

10. DOCID:3793 SCORE: 0.00340797633066994
DOCNO: 808267
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Infection Control
QUALIFIER: complications
AUTHOR: A S Levine AS
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Support systems for the patient with cancer: future prospects.
PUBDATE: 19750801
Bleeding and infection are the usual proximate causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with hematologic malignancy and many solid tumors. The most important cause of bleeding is thrombocytopenia. The use of immunologically matched platelets has rendered this complication less frequent. Host defenses against infection are often compromised unavoidably as a function of the primary disease and its therapy. However, it is important to note that many infections are caused by hospital-acquired organisms; a significant number of infections can be avoided with meticulous attention to possible breaches of the host barriers against invasion. Diagnosis and treatment of infection in the altered host are urgent and demanding, since the median survival with inappropriate therapy of bacterial sepsis is less than 3 days. Newer diagnostic techniques, such as the gallium scan, are helpful, as are antimicrobial combinations used empirically. Experimental approaches to the prevention of infection include antibacterial vaccines, the use of laminar air-flow isolation, and transplantation of bone marrow. Experimental approaches to the therapy of infection include leukocyte transfusion and the use of transfer factor. A discussion of supportive care must also include consideration of the psychosocial concomitants of the cancer process, particularly those factors in the doctor-patient relationship which promote anxiety in the physician to the end that his support of the patient is not effective.

11. DOCID:3524 SCORE: 0.00335910109081515
DOCNO: 337895
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: BCG Vaccine
AUTHOR: T H Kim TH
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Applied and environmental microbiology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: High-viability lyophilized Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine produced by deep-culture technique.
PUBDATE: 19771101
Evidence suggests that Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine for use in cancer immunotherapy should have the following characteristics: high viability which is maintained on storage; high ratio of live to dead cells; high proportion of single cells; and low content of soluble antigen. The production of a vaccine with these characteristics was accomplished by use of a deep-culture technique. The medium was modified Proskauer and Beck medium containing Tween 80 and glucose. The mass culture was grown in a Wheaton double-side-arm bottle (6 liters of medium in an 8-liter container), aerated by means of an aquarium aerator and mixed by a magnetic stirrer. The culture was incubated 7 to 9 days at 37 degrees C, concentrated 11 to 15 times by ultrafiltration, diluted with equal parts of 25% lactose, and then lyophilized. The lyophilized ampoules, stored at -70 degrees C, were cultured at intervals ranging from 3 days to 450 days, and no loss in viability was observed. The mean number of viable BCG per ml of reconstituted vaccine was 8.75 log10. The viable count was 90% of the total bacterial count. Moreover, 85% of the cells were present as single bacilli.

12. DOCID:6528 SCORE: 0.00332285894162658
DOCNO: 6167921
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
AUTHOR: R Hartenstein R
AUTHOR: H Ehrhart H
AUTHOR: K Possinger K
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Onkologie.
COUNTRY: SWITZERLAND
TITLE: [Current status of chemotherapy of gastric and colorectal cancer]
PUBDATE: 19810401
The group of gastric and colorectal carcinomas has the highest cancer mortality in Western Germany. The possibilities of treatment with chemotherapy only have palliative character. 5-Fluourouracil is the therapeutic of choice on the metastasized colorectal cancer. However, a prolongation of survival time by treatment of the colorectal tumor could neither be recorded in applying 5-Fluorouracil as a single agent, nor through combination chemotherapy. The treatment of the metastasized gastric carcinoma with combinations consisting of the 5-Fluorouracil and Adriamycin could be of future value. Also effective with this tumour as a palliative measure is the combined treatment with 5-Fluorouracil and irradiation. The advantage of an adjuvant therapy of a chemotherapeutical, radiological or immunological kind could so far not be proved.

13. DOCID:3890 SCORE: 0.00330634829304048
DOCNO: 922732
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Antineoplastic Agents
DESCRIPTOR: Pregnancy, Animal
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
AUTHOR: A Matsuzawa A
AUTHOR: T Yamamoto T
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer research.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Antitumor effect of two oral steroids, mepitiostane and fluoxymesterone, on a pregnancy-dependent mouse mammary tumor (TPDMT-4).
PUBDATE: 19771201
Pregnancy-dependent TPDMT-4 mammary tumors, characterized by requiring estrogen, progesterone, and pituitary hormones for growth, grew continuously in female DDD mice carrying pituitary isografts. The experimental model was used to investigate the antitumor effects of two p.o. steroids, mepitiostane and fluoxymesterone. When tumors implanted with pituitary isografts into the fat-pad reached palpable size, animals received 6 doses/week of 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 mg of either steroid intragastrically. Mepitiostane significantly suppressed tumor growth with regression in 25 and 29 percent of animals at 1.0 and 3.0 mg, respectively, but had no inhibitory effects at other doses. Fluoxymesterone retarted tumor growth during the first week of treatment at 3.0 mg but finally had no inhibitory effects at any doses. Under similar conditions ovariectomy caused tumor regression immediately, and epitiostanol, the parent steroid of mepitiostane, significantly suppressed tumor growth when given in 3 injections/week of 0.5 mg s.c. Tumous had papillary structures and almost lacked secretory activity. A comparison of these findings to those obtained with earlier generations suggests that TPDMT-4 tumors became less sensitive to the antitumor effect of epitiostanol and were able to grow at lower hormone levels with succeeding generations. Morphologically, progression to more cancer and less secretory activity was noticed.

14. DOCID:7554 SCORE: 0.00325149938627516
DOCNO: 6943156
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: radiotherapy
QUALIFIER: analysis
QUALIFIER: immunology
QUALIFIER: immunology
AUTHOR: P A O'Neill PA
AUTHOR: L R Brown LR
AUTHOR: S Dreizen S
AUTHOR: L J Riggan LJ
AUTHOR: S F Handler SF
AUTHOR: D H Perkins DH
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Journal of dental research.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Immunoglobulin class of agglutinins to oral microorganisms in post-irradiation cancer patients.
PUBDATE: 19810901
Fractionation of serum samples from head and neck cancer patients and their assay for agglutination activity toward oral microorganisms showed that the activity was derived from IgG, 7S IgA, 10S (dimeric) IgA, and IgM, with considerable activity in the 10S IgA region. These findings probably account for the lack of a significant relationship among levels of individual serum immunoglobulins, agglutination titers, and caries activity presented in an earlier study. Conversely, most of the agglutinating activity in fractionated saliva was attributed to 11S IgA, presumably secretory IgA, with some activity from a 19S substance and, in the caries-active patients, from a higher molecular weight factor. These data correspond to positive correlations between saliva IgA levels, agglutination titers, and absence of caries in these patients.