0. DOCID:3607 SCORE: 0.00559399727805165
DOCNO: 65207
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Immunity, Cellular
DESCRIPTOR: Immunologic Techniques
DESCRIPTOR: Leukocyte Adherence Inhibition Test
QUALIFIER: immunology
AUTHOR: T Fujisawa T
AUTHOR: S R Waldman SR
AUTHOR: R H Yonemoto RH
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Leukocyte adherence inhibition by soluble tumor antigens in breast cancer patients.
PUBDATE: 19770201
The authors modified and refined the Leukocyte Adherence Inhibition Assay (LAI) first described by Halliday, et al. in 1972 by standardizing the protein concentration of tumor-associated antigens (TAA) and by utilizing paired normal tissue extracts as controls to eliminate interference of HL-A histocompatibility antigens and organ-associated antigens. When dose response studies were performed, a progressively larger percentage of patients reacted to the LAI test with increasing concentration of tumor extracts, but the optimal concentration was found to be 200 mug/ml, where 42 out of 66 (63%) leukocytes from 54 breast cancer patients reacted to the breast cancer extracts. At this dose range, only three out of 39 (7%) normal donors and four out of 30 (13%) patients with other types of cancer were positive. When breast cancer patients were tested against TAA of colon cancer and malignant melanoma, one of 24 (4%) and two of 24 (8%), respectively, were positive. Although a higher response rate (72%) was noted in Stage II disease, this was not statistically different from Stage I and Stage III disease. Likewise, no difference was noted in LAI at varying phases following the mastectomy.

1. DOCID:3532 SCORE: 0.00444730426389348
DOCNO: 60156
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
AUTHOR: W R Vogler WR
AUTHOR: D S Miller DS
AUTHOR: J W Keller JW
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Blood.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: 5-Azacytidine (NSC 102816): a new drug for the treatment of myeloblastic leukemia.
PUBDATE: 19760901
The pyrimidine analog, 5-azacytidine (NSC 102816), was administered by continuous intravenous infusion in Ringer's lactate in increasing doses to sets of patients with metastatic cancer to establish a dose sufficient to produce mild toxicity. Twenty-one patients (23 trials) were treated with doses of 50-200 mg/sq/m/day for 5 days every 2-4 wk. Nausea and vomiting were moderate and easily preventable. Doses of 100-200 mg/sq/m for 5 days every 14 days produced granulocytopenia, usually after two courses. Less toxicity was observed when courses were given every 21-28 days. Forty-five patients with previously treated and refractory acute myeloblastic leukemia were treated. The majority received doses of 150 mg/sq m for 5 days every 2 wk. Eleven (24%) complete remissions and four partial remissions were observed. The number of courses to achieve remission averaged three and required an average of 59 days. Nine patients with blastic crisis of chronic myeloblastic leukemia and four with refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia failed to respond. 5-Azacytidine administered by continuous infusion is well tolerated and is an active compound in acute myeloblastic leukemia.

2. DOCID:3937 SCORE: 0.00419710421845162
DOCNO: 1278659
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Vaginal Smears
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: W Furch W
AUTHOR: H Cramer H
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde.
COUNTRY: GERMANY, WEST
TITLE: [Results of cytologic examinations of the cervix in women under the age of thirty (author's transl)]
PUBDATE: 19760501
154 suspicious and positive findings for carcinoma in women between the ages of 18 and 30 were reported. Included here were 7 cases of invasive carcinoma, 57 cases of epithelial carcinoma, 8 cases of advanced dysplasia and 17 cases of dysplasia in beginning and intermediate stages. The findings from two gynecologic practices in which the physicians annually conducted a cytologic examination of the cervix on every woman, regardless of age, were studied in particular. In both of these practices, 64 of the 89 preliminary stages of carcinoma and carcinoma itself in this age group were discovered in this way. The total material came from 26 contributors. The participation on the part of the young women in both gynecologic practices was unexpectedly high (33% of all those patients receiving preventive examinations). The established practice of conducting cytologic cancer tests on the cervix uteri only after the age of 30 can no longer be justified. One possible causal factor for the increased morbidity and the earlier occurrence of the disease is the coincidence between genital infections and the increased occurrence of neoplasia of the cervix due to earlier onset of sexual activity. It is imperative that women be informed of the increased risks and that they be given the opportunity of a cervical cancer test even before the age of thirty.

3. DOCID:2743 SCORE: 0.00386929131445411
DOCNO: 832225
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: complications
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
AUTHOR: J N Ingle JN
AUTHOR: D C Tormey DC
AUTHOR: J M Bull JM
AUTHOR: R M Simon RM
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Bone marrow involvement in breast cancer: effect on response and tolerance to combination chemotherapy.
PUBDATE: 19770101
Forty-three patients with metastatic breast cancer who had not received prior chemotherapy were divided into two groups on the basis of whether or not a bone marrow examination revealed tumor. Both groups were treated with combination chemotherapy regimens and were analyzed with regard to response and toxicity parameters. The positive marrow group had a response rate similar to that of the negative marrow group (67% vs 71%), and a slightly shorter median time to progressive disease (240 vs 258 days) and median duration of remission (213 vs 243 days). The positive marrow group had higher requirements for hematologic support and tended to have more infectious complications. The data suggest that metastatic breast cancer patients with a bone marrow examination revealing tumor, although requiring more supportive care, may be treated as effectively with combination chemotherapy as those patients in whom the marrow examination does not reveal tumor.

4. DOCID:3027 SCORE: 0.00375373009380599
DOCNO: 920870
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: surgery
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
QUALIFIER: pathology
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: W H Wolinska WH
AUTHOR: M R Melamed MR
AUTHOR: P F Schellhammer PF
AUTHOR: W F Whitmore WF
PUBTYPE: Case Reports
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The American journal of surgical pathology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Urethral cytology following cystectomy for bladder carcinoma.
PUBDATE: 19770901
There is a high probability of urethral carcinoma in patients who have had cystectomy for carcinoma of the urinary bladder, and their survival is poor when the disease is sufficiently advanced to be symptomatic or tumor is visible endoscopically. This study was undertaken to evaluate urethral cytology as a means of detecting and diagnosing in situ and invasive carcinoma of the urethral remnant following cystectomy. A total of 109 cytology specimens were examined from 65 patients who had cystectomy for bladder cancer. "Positive" or "suspicious" cytologic diagnoses of cancer were made on 28 patients; 24 had urethrectomy and 11 proved to have invasive carcinoma, 10 had carcinoma in situ and three had atypia or metaplastic changes in the urethra. One of 37 patients with "negative" cytologic diagnoses was found to have a low-grade carcinoma. It is suggested that all patients who undergo cystectomy without urethrectomy be followed with urethral cytological examination at regular intervals for an indefinite period.

5. DOCID:2709 SCORE: 0.00373673682978026
DOCNO: 865201
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: etiology
QUALIFIER: complications
QUALIFIER: etiology
AUTHOR: K Dahm K
AUTHOR: A Knipper A
AUTHOR: H Mitschke H
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Langenbecks Archiv für Chirurgie.
COUNTRY: GERMANY, WEST
TITLE: [Malignant degeneration of experimental ulcerative colitis of the rat following s.c. injection of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (author's transl)]
PUBDATE: 19770401
Animal experiments were performed to answer the question whether ulcerative colitis is predisposed to malignant degeneration. Male Wistar rats were given aqueous solutions of degraded Carrageenan (4%; w/v). After induction of ulcerative colitis, 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine (DMH; 132 mg/kg body weight) was applicated during a period of 7 weeks. 17 of 18 rats developed multiple adenocarcinomas in the distal colon 15 weeks after the last injection of DMH. The Carrageenan induced colitis was localized predominantly in the distal part of the large bowel. Only 3 rats of a control group of 18 animals exposed to DMH only showed carcinomas of the colon. The difference is proven significant (P less than 0.01). Carrageenan for itself caused no malignancy. The results of the experiments demonstrate that, during ulcerative colitis, the colon of the rat is more susceptible to induction of cancer than the intact one.

6. DOCID:2017 SCORE: 0.00371496584235737
DOCNO: 1155427
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Air Pollution
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
AUTHOR: B E Henderson BE
AUTHOR: R J Gordon RJ
AUTHOR: H Menck H
AUTHOR: J Soohoo J
AUTHOR: S P Martin SP
AUTHOR: M C Pike MC
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: American journal of epidemiology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Lung cancer and air pollution in southcentral Los Angeles County.
PUBDATE: 19750601
An increased rate of lung cancer has been consistently observed from 1968-1972 among males in southcentral Los Angeles. This excess risk occurs across several social classes and occupational categories. No differential excess of oral cavity, pancreatic, laryngeal and bladder cancer was observed in the same area, lessening the possibility that regional variations in smoking habits accounted for the excess lung cancer. Air sampling has indicated an excess of certain polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in southcentral Los Angeles. There was a correlation between the geographic distribution of lung cancer cases and the general location of industries which have emitted these PAH. A case-controlled study of smoking, occupational and residential history in the southcentral area is underway.

7. DOCID:3557 SCORE: 0.00368591797619372
DOCNO: 1175145
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: complications
QUALIFIER: etiology
AUTHOR: R Izbicki R
AUTHOR: B T Weyhing BT
AUTHOR: L Baker L
AUTHOR: E M Caoili EM
AUTHOR: V K Vaitkevicius VK
PUBTYPE: Clinical Trial
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
PUBTYPE: Randomized Controlled Trial
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Pleural effusion in cancer patients. A prospective randomized study of pleural drainage with the addition of radioactive phsophorous to the pleural space vs. pleural drainage alone.
PUBDATE: 19751001
Sixty-seven patients with disseminated cancer were randomly allocated to treatment with continuous closed chest drainage removing all fluid for 72 hours (PD) or pleural drainage for 72 hours with the instillation into the pleural space of radioactive colloidal chromic phosphate (PD + 32P). Forty-nine patients had breast carcinoma, and the remaining 18 patients had other cancers. Four of 49 patients with breast cancer and 13 of 18 with other cancer were dead in 8 weeks from the onset of effusion. In the group of patients with breast cancer PD + 32P controlled the effusion in 12 of 22 (54%) and PD alone in 15 of 30 episodes (50%). In the nonbreast group of patients PD + 32P controlled the effusion in five of six evaluable episodes (83%), and PD alone was successful in two of nine (22%). In 33% of breast cancer patients and 25% of the nonbreast-cancer patients, systemic chemotherapy produced objective remissions. Pleural effusion did not recur in any of these patients.

8. DOCID:2589 SCORE: 0.00355632311922187
DOCNO: 332575
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Pancreatic Ducts
QUALIFIER: complications
QUALIFIER: complications
QUALIFIER: complications
AUTHOR: J A Gregg JA
PUBTYPE: Case Reports
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Gastroenterology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Detection of bacterial infection of the pancreatic ducts in patients with pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer during endoscopic cannulation of the pancreatic duct.
PUBDATE: 19771101
Bacterial infections of the pancreas and bacteremia may occur during episodes of pancreatitis. Detection of bacterial infections of the pancreas in the past has required laparotomy. The present study was undertaken to determine whether bacterial infection of the pancreas occurred during nonsuppurative pancreatitis. During endoscopic cannulation of the main pancreatic duct, secretin was administered intravenously and pancreatic juice aspirated from within the duct was cultured. Bacterial infections were detected in 11 of 35 patients with pancreatitis and 3 of 5 with pancreatic cancer. The pancreatic juice was sterile in 25 controls. Cultures from the common bile duct in 9 controls were also sterile whereas 4 of 6 with pancreatitis showed infected bile. The infecting organisms were principally gram-negative and the infections were usually polymicrobial. Antibiotics, where used, successfully eradicated the infecting organisms but did not appear to affect the patient's clinical course.

9. DOCID:3362 SCORE: 0.00347653386442093
DOCNO: 1093678
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: immunology
QUALIFIER: immunology
QUALIFIER: analysis
AUTHOR: J P Harris JP
AUTHOR: M H Caleb MH
AUTHOR: M A South MA
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer research.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Secretory component in human mammary carcinoma.
PUBDATE: 19750701
Since secretory component is thought to be a normal glandular epithelial cell product, surgical specimens from patients with mammary carcinoma, an epithelial cancer, were studied with antisera to human free secretory component by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. Normal breast tissue (10 cases) showed fluorescent epithelial cells confined to normal ducts. This was in marked contrast to ubvasive mammary carcinoma (20 cases), which showed intense staining of tumor cells and stromal cells in addition to the normal ductular epithelium. Metastases in axillary lymph nodes (2 cases) showed intense fluorescence for secretory component, whereas axillary nodes without metastases from 2 patients with breast cancer showed no fluorescence. In both normal and tumor tissue, antiimmunoglobulin A stained only ducts and subepithelial plasma cells, thus establishing that the secretory component in tumor cells was not part of an intact secretory immunoglobulin A molecule. This finding was not restricted to mammary carcinoma, since preliminary studies of colon, lung, and bladder carcinoma also demonstrated tumor cells with cytoplasmic fluorescence for secretory component. In contrast, the tumor cells in 2 cases of sarcoma, a nonepithelial cancer, did not exhibit fluorescence for secretory component.

10. DOCID:2244 SCORE: 0.00337435875993702
DOCNO: 764963
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Carcinoembryonic Antigen
DESCRIPTOR: Colonic Neoplasms
AUTHOR: N Zamcheck N
PUBTYPE: Case Reports
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
PUBTYPE: Review
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: The present status of DEA in diagnosis, prognosis, and evaluation of therapy.
PUBDATE: 19751201
Despite nonspecificity for the diagnosis of colon cancer, the assays for CEA widely studied to date may be useful in the management of patients with colorectal cancer by aiding detection of colonic cancer and especially of widespread metastases to the liver. Use of serial quantitative measurements may also be useful in determining persistence of residual or metastatic tumor after apparently complete surgical resection, in enabling detection of recurrence at an earlier stage than may be otherwise possible, and in helping to evaluate the effects of chemotherapy, provided that the assays are used only in context with complete clinical and laboratory findings, including cancer staging, histopathologic findings, assessment of liver status, and with appreciation of methodologic complexities. Both the further investigation of the clinical use of CEA and the intensified search for more specific markers are encouraged by the findings to date.

11. DOCID:3935 SCORE: 0.00336344846870333
DOCNO: 69205
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Breast Feeding
QUALIFIER: etiology
AUTHOR: R Ing R
AUTHOR: N L Petrakis NL
AUTHOR: J H Ho JH
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Lancet.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Unilateral breast-feeding and breast cancer.
PUBDATE: 19770701
Women of fishing villages in Hong Kong by custom breast-feed with only the right breast. The hypothesis that the unsuckled breast may have an altered risk of cancer development was investigated. Records of the radiotherapy divisions in Hong Kong between 1958 and 1975 were searched, and breast-cancer patients were interviewed for a detailed history of lactation. The overall left/right ratio of cancer in the breasts of 2372 women with unilateral breast carcinoma was 0-97, indicating that breast cancer was equally distributed between the two sides. Of 73 patients with a history of exclusively one-sided breast-feeding, 27 of 34 patients aged 55 or over (79-4%) and 19 of 39 patients under age 55 (48-7%) had a carcinoma in the unsuckled breast. Comparisons of patients who had nursed unilaterally with nulliparous patients and with patients who had borne children but had not breast-fed indicated a highly significant increased risk of cancer in the unsuckled breast. No statistically significant differences in laterality of breast cancer were found in 52 patients who had for convenience nursed to a greater extent from one side than the other. This study indicates that in post-menopausal women who have breast-fed unilaterally, the risk of cancer is significantly higher in the unsuckled breast and that breast-feeding may help to protect the suckled breast against cancer.

12. DOCID:1913 SCORE: 0.00313396215783592
DOCNO: 194178
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: complications
QUALIFIER: complications
QUALIFIER: complications
AUTHOR: T W McDonald TW
AUTHOR: G D Malkasian GD
AUTHOR: T A Gaffey TA
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Obstetrics and gynecology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Endometrial cancer associated with feminizing ovarian tumor and polycystic ovarian disease.
PUBDATE: 19770601
Feminizing ovarian tumors and polycystic ovarian disease may cause endometrial cancer by abnormal, unopposed endogenous estrogenic stimulation. We reviewed the clinical course of 72 endometrial cancer patients with a concomitant feminizing ovarian tumor or polycystic ovarian disease and compared tumor characteristics and treatment results with those exhibited by 523 patients treated for endometrial cancer alone. With functioning ovarian tumor and with polycystic ovaries, the cancer tended to be more often low-grade, low-stage, and superficial than did endometrial cancer alone. The high 5-year and 10-year survival rates observed in our functioning ovarian tumor-polycystic ovary patients support the conclusion that endometrial carcinoma with a coexistent endogenous estrogenic stimulus has a more favorable prognosis (P less than 0.01) than endometrial carcinoma alone.

13. DOCID:1820 SCORE: 0.00307747619478762
DOCNO: 322204
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Computers
DESCRIPTOR: Decision Making
DESCRIPTOR: Radiotherapy
AUTHOR: J Conklin J
AUTHOR: J Munzenrider J
AUTHOR: P W Neurath PW
AUTHOR: W M Ross WM
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Radiology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Computer-aided medical decision making in radiotherapy.
PUBDATE: 19770501
Radiotherapy departments are becoming sophisticated in working with computers for isodose computations, treatment machine verifications and administrative and medical records. The next step lies in computer-assisted medical decision making. The logic for a patient's diagnostic work-up and treatment protocol can be stored in a computer. It can then be used as an aid in making the diagnosis, in prescribing the treatment and for quality control. For patients who fit established protocols the computer can select and list treatment using the logic of that protocol. Such a system has been implemented for the postoperative radiotherapy of breast cancer on a trial basis. Its potential usefulness is illustrated by results in 25 consecutive patients. Physician acceptance and costs of the program are under investigation.

14. DOCID:3039 SCORE: 0.00301952277086285
DOCNO: 998555
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Cellulose
DESCRIPTOR: Dietary Fiber
QUALIFIER: physiology
QUALIFIER: analysis
AUTHOR: J H Cummings JH
AUTHOR: M J Hill MJ
AUTHOR: D J Jenkins DJ
AUTHOR: J R Pearson JR
AUTHOR: H S Wiggins HS
PUBTYPE: Clinical Trial
PUBTYPE: Controlled Clinical Trial
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The American journal of clinical nutrition.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Changes in fecal composition and colonic function due to cereal fiber.
PUBDATE: 19761201
The effect on colonic function of adding wheat fiber for 3 weeks to the metabolically-controlled diets of six healthy volunteers has been studied. Increasing dietary fiber intake from 17 to 45 g/day increased fecal weight from 79 +/- 6.6 g/day to 228 +/- 29.9 g/day and shortened mean transit time, measured by a continuous marker method, from 57.8 +/- 8.3 hr to 40.3 +/- 8.9 hr. The increase in fecal weight was largely due to water. Fiber caused a dilution of fecal marker and an increase in fecal fat, nitrogen, and calcium output. Fecal sodium, potassium, and chloride showed only small changes but volatile fatty acid output increased significantly without concentrations changing. Fecal bile acid output increased from 199 +/- 46 mg/day to 279 +/- 46 mg/day. These changes are discussed in light of current views of the role of dietary fiber in protecting against colon cancer.