0. DOCID:3980 SCORE: 0.00496883008030261
DOCNO: 1107828
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: pharmacology
QUALIFIER: drug effects
QUALIFIER: drug effects
AUTHOR: T Rossman T
AUTHOR: M S Meyn MS
AUTHOR: W Troll W
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Mutation research.
COUNTRY: NETHERLANDS
TITLE: Effects of sodium arsenite on the survival of UV-irradiated Escherichia coli: inhibition of a recA-dependent function.
PUBDATE: 19751101
Epidemiological studies and clinical observation suggesting potential hazards of arsenic compounds in increasing the incidence of cancer have been in complete contradiction with experimental findings in animals. Because of the predominance of skin cancers in the epidemiological reports, we decided to investigate the possibility that arsenic compounds might interfere with DNA repair. Using Escherichia coli as a test system, we show that this is indeed the case. Sodium arsenite, at concentrations of 0.1 mM and higher, decreases the survival of ultraviolet-irradiated E. coli WP2, a strain which possesses the full complement of repair genes. The effect of the arsenite increases with increasing ultraviolet dose. Similar results were obtained with the excision repair deficient strains WWP2 (uvrA) and WP6 (polA). Sodium arsenite had no effect on the survival of a recA mutant, WP10. Survival of ultraviolet-irradiated WP5 (exrA) was enhanced by sodium ardenite, the effect being greatest at low ultraviolet doses. It is postulated that arsenite inhibits a recA-dependent step in DNA repair. To account for the increased survival of the exrA mutant, we suggest that in the absence of the exr+ gene, the arsenite-sensitive recA-dependent function is deleterious. The ability of arsenite to inhibit DNA repair may account for the clinical and epidemiological reports linking arsenicals with an increased incidence of cancer.

1. DOCID:3617 SCORE: 0.00398032709227016
DOCNO: 1122765
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Smoking
QUALIFIER: pathology
QUALIFIER: pathology
QUALIFIER: pathology
QUALIFIER: pathology
AUTHOR: O Auerbach O
AUTHOR: L Garfinkel L
AUTHOR: V R Parks VR
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Chest.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Histologic type of lung cancer in relation to smoking habits, year of diagnosis and sites of metastases.
PUBDATE: 19750401
A study was made of histologic type of lung cancer in relation to smoking habit, year of diagnosis, age and sites of metastasis. It comprised 662 autopsies of men during the period from 1955 to 1972. As classified by the WHO system, 35.2 percent were epidermoid carcinoma, 24.6 percent were small cell carcinoma, 25.2 percent were adenocarcinoma and 14.2 percent were large cell undifferentiated carcinoma. The six non-smokers of the series were all found to be in class 3, adenocarcinoma. No clearcut and consistent relationships were observed. Although there was a steady decrease in the incidence of small cell carcinoma during this time period, this observation did not prove to be statistically significant. Small cell carcinomas increased with amount of smoking but not for all age groups. Adenocarcinomas decreased with advancing age but not in all smoking groups. Metastases were found in 96.3 percent of the cases and the sites most frequently involved were regional lymph nodes, liver, brain, distant lymph nodes, adrenals and bone. Small cell carcinomas showed the greatest percentage of involvement for those major sites and for the same sites, epidermoid carcinoma showed the lowest percentage.

2. DOCID:6982 SCORE: 0.00367132393208309
DOCNO: 6791024
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: complications
QUALIFIER: therapy
AUTHOR: K M Foley KM
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: NIDA research monograph.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Current issues in the management of cancer pain: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center.
PUBDATE: 19810501
Recent attention to the management of cancer pain in the mass media (TV, books, newspapers) and the medical press provides ample evidence to suggest that many cancer patients are not receiving appropriate therapy for their pain. Since cancer therapy is often not curative, only palliative, specific attention to the management of pain in such patients is essential. However, the management of cancer pain requires a specific approach and expertise. Narcotic analgesics are the mainstay of therapy in the management of such patients, yet physicians lack sufficient knowledge of narcotic pharmacology to use these drugs appropriately. Recent controversy has arisen in 3 specific aspects of narcotic drug therapy: 1) the choice of a narcotic drug and its method of administration; 2) the development of tolerance, and 3) the risk of substance abuse, drug dependence, and addiction.

3. DOCID:3983 SCORE: 0.00351789750163376
DOCNO: 602778
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: I Dahl I
AUTHOR: L Angervall L
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section A, Pathology.
COUNTRY: DENMARK
TITLE: Pseudosarcomatous lesions of the soft tissues reported as sarcoma during a 6-year period (1958-1963).
PUBDATE: 19771101
Pseudosarcomatous lesion of the soft tissues is a term used in the present study for various soft tissue lesions and tumours easily clinically or histologically, or both, misinterpreted as sarcoma. Eighty-one cases, that is to say 10 per cent of all tumours classified and reported to the Swedish Cancer Registry as malignant soft tissue tumours during the 6-year period studied (1958-1963), were reclassified as pseudosarcomatous lesions of the soft tissues. Forty-seven cases were classified as pseudoarcomatous proliferative lesions of the soft tissue with or without bone formation; 38 cases of nodular fasciitis, 1 of proliferative fasciitis and 8 of proliferative myositis. In 3 of these cases there were mixed forms of proliferative fasciitis and proliferative myositis with areas compatible with the diagnosis of nodular fasciitis evident in all cases. Twenty-two cases of atypical fibroxanthomas of the skin were next in frequency, followed by 7 ancient neurilemmomas, 2 spindle cell lipomas, 1 pseudomalignant osseous tumour of the soft tissues, 1 pigmented villonodular synovitis and 1 juvenile xanthogranuloma. An attempt is made to explain the reasons for these erroneous diagnoses of sarcoma and it is stressed that for these lesions the conventional histological criteria for malignancy are not valid. The awareness and knowledge of the existence of these particular entities are therefore considered mandatory for an accurate diagnosis.

4. DOCID:7899 SCORE: 0.00349878543478216
DOCNO: 7193368
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
AUTHOR: J E Altwein JE
AUTHOR: G H Jacobi GH
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Der Urologe. Ausg. A.
COUNTRY: GERMANY, WEST
TITLE: [Hormone therapy of prostatic cancer (author's transl)]
PUBDATE: 19801101
64% of all patients with newly diagnosed prostatic carcinoma present with metastases. Hormone application with or without orchiectomy appears to be the adequate form of primary treatment. The most common therapeutic modality is estrogen administration, which has, however distinct disadvantages: The patient is protected up to 5 years only, there is a 27% cardiovascular mortality, it induces a prolactin surge, and is immunosuppressive. Phase III-studies of the EORTC and VACURG have demonstrated that medroxyprogesterone acetate and cyproterone acetate parallel the effectiveness of estrogens. In a phase II-trial adjunctive bromocriptine was found to be necessary to suppress estrogen or antiandrogen induced hyperprolactinemia. The following concept is derived: In disseminated untreated prostatic cancer estrogens or antiandrogens in combination with bromocriptine or high dose injectable gestagens are effective means of primary treatment. Distinct clinical parameters determine the "hormone of first choice". Orchiectomy is reserved for patients with ureteral compression or progressing disease.

5. DOCID:5911 SCORE: 0.00346754370199041
DOCNO: 98229
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: metabolism
QUALIFIER: enzymology
QUALIFIER: enzymology
AUTHOR: B C Ghosh BC
AUTHOR: L Ghosh L
AUTHOR: B L Newson BL
AUTHOR: T K Das Gupta TK
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer research.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Histochemical and ultrastructural study of lactic dehydrogenase in chemically induced lung cancer.
PUBDATE: 19780901
Light and electron microscopy studies of lactic dehydrogenase activity were carried out in embryonic, neonatal, and adult mouse lungs and in lungs undergoing chemically induced carcinogenesis. Embryonic mouse lungs were collected on the 6th, 12th, and 18th days of gestation; 1-day-old lungs were used for the neonatal model. These were compared with adult normal mouse lung and lungs of the animals treated with 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide at a monthly interval until cancer developed. Enzymatic activity was seen in the embryonic, precancerous, and malignant lung tissues and was found diffusely in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells.

6. DOCID:7865 SCORE: 0.00344975375708657
DOCNO: 711976
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: pathology
AUTHOR: A M De Bono AM
AUTHOR: E M Pillers EM
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Journal of epidemiology and community health.
COUNTRY: SWITZERLAND
TITLE: Carcinoma of the breast in East Anglia 1960-1975: a changing pattern of presentation?
PUBDATE: 19780901
A study was made of the clinical stage at presentation in 10 081 cases of carcinoma of the breast registered with the East Anglian Cancer Registration Bureau between 1960 and 1975. Information about the length of clinical history was obtained in 8862 cases. There has been a gradual increase in the population-adjusted incidence of breast carcinoma in the region during the period studied. Since 1968, there has been a consistent increase in Stage I and II registrations, but a fall in Stage III registrations. Stage IV registrations have remained constant. A greater proportion of women with Stage I or II lesions present with a short clinical history, and this pattern has not changed during the course of the study. We suggest that increased interest in, and opportunities for, the early diagnosis of breast disease are leading to a change in the pattern of presentation.

7. DOCID:3885 SCORE: 0.00337258506643793
DOCNO: 1162162
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Immunity, Cellular
DESCRIPTOR: Lymphocyte Activation
QUALIFIER: immunology
AUTHOR: J Peña J
AUTHOR: F Garrido F
AUTHOR: P Alemán P
AUTHOR: J L García-Puche JL
AUTHOR: C Osorio C
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Revista española de fisiología.
COUNTRY: SPAIN
TITLE: Behaviour of lymphocytes from cancer patients and normal individuals cultured with phytohaemagglutinin.
PUBDATE: 19750301
Blood lymphocytes from cancer patients with solid tumours without any previous immunosuppressive treatment and from normal individuals, were cultured in vitro with a wide range of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Sixty two per cent of all the cancer patients studied show a minimal of no response to PHA in comparison with the normal population. The rest (38%), show a quantitative identical response than normals. However, the maximal response in these patients occur in the high PHA doses, while the normal individuals show their maximal activity with low PHA doses. The low or no PHA response showed by the 62% of patients, may indicate they have impaired cellular immunity. The high response showed by the other 38%, may indicate that the patients of this group have high cellular immunity capacity. This immunity, however, higher PHA doses are required to reach the maximal response compared with the seems to be different from that of normal individuals, since higher PHA doses are required in cancer patients to reach maximal response. These results also suggest that a large range of PHA doses may be important to detect the degree of cellular immunity in cancer patients compared with the normal population. One or two random PHA doses, may not show a distinction.

8. DOCID:2923 SCORE: 0.00313102058445594
DOCNO: 770052
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Postoperative Complications
QUALIFIER: surgery
QUALIFIER: methods
AUTHOR: J Planas J
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Clinics in plastic surgery.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Mammary augmentation--surgical techniques, evaluation of results, and complications.
PUBDATE: 19760401
Mammary augmentation is the procedure of choice in all forms of breast underdevelopment, atrophy or absence due to disease (subcutaneous or radical mastectomy), or trauma (burns of the thoracic region). Old reconstructive methods employing autogenous tissues have no substitute in special cases, but they are used less and less in favor of the new alloplastic materials (silicones) introduced as implants under the mammary gland. These implants have been shown to be permanently accepted by body tissues, the aesthetic results are good, and the operation is easier, faster, and less dangerous. Complications, however, do exist and the most frequent is the constriction of the fibrous envelope surrounding the implant. The etiology of this complication is still unknown. The patient should be advised of such a possibility. Circular incision of the fibrous envelope seems to be the best treatment for this complication. Silicone implants do not modify the physiology of the mammary gland and there is no reason to believe they have any influence on the incidence of breast cancer.

9. DOCID:2490 SCORE: 0.00312982132456654
DOCNO: 831755
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Drug Evaluation
DESCRIPTOR: Statistics
AUTHOR: R Peto R
AUTHOR: M C Pike MC
AUTHOR: P Armitage P
AUTHOR: N E Breslow NE
AUTHOR: D R Cox DR
AUTHOR: S V Howard SV
AUTHOR: N Mantel N
AUTHOR: K McPherson K
AUTHOR: J Peto J
AUTHOR: P G Smith PG
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: British journal of cancer.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Design and analysis of randomized clinical trials requiring prolonged observation of each patient. II. analysis and examples.
PUBDATE: 19770101
Part I of this report appeared in the previous issue (Br. J. Cancer (1976) 34,585), and discussed the design of randomized clinical trials. Part II now describes efficient methods of analysis of randomized clinical trials in which we wish to compare the duration of survival (or the time until some other untoward event first occurs) among different groups of patients. It is intended to enable physicians without statistical training either to analyse such data themselves using life tables, the logrank test and retrospective stratification, or, when such analyses are presented, to appreciate them more critically, but the discussion may also be of interest to statisticians who have not yet specialized in clinical trial analyses.

10. DOCID:2924 SCORE: 0.00312366241708112
DOCNO: 55541
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Breast Neoplasms
DESCRIPTOR: Radionuclide Imaging
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: J G Roberts JG
AUTHOR: I H Gravelle IH
AUTHOR: M Baum M
AUTHOR: A S Bligh AS
AUTHOR: K G Leach KG
AUTHOR: L E Hughes LE
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Lancet.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Evaluation of radiography and isotopic scintigraphy for detecting skeletal metastases in breast cancer.
PUBDATE: 19760101
Experience with technetium-phosphate compounds for skeletal scintigraphy in patients with breast cancer was analysed. When tumours were 5 cm or less in diameter (T1-2N0-1M0) metastases were demonstrated by radiographs in 1-7% (2/114). However, when radiography did not demonstrate metastases, lesions were found by scintigraphy in 41-3% (19/46). When lesions demonstrated by scintigraphy at the same site as abnormalities regarded as "benign" by radiography were excluded, 23% (11/46) had scintigraphs strongly suggestive of metastases. It is proposed that routine radiographic skeletal survey for patients presenting with breast cancer be abandoned, and replaced by skeletal scintigraphy, chest radiography, and specific localised radiographs of lesions demonstrated by scintigraphy. It is suggested that with this policy the development of expertise in interpreting scintigraphs will be accelerated, the cost of pre-treatment assessment will be reduced, and clinical management rationalised.

11. DOCID:2161 SCORE: 0.00301707791200436
DOCNO: 174798
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: pathology
QUALIFIER: pathology
QUALIFIER: ultrastructure
AUTHOR: G Tremblay G
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Ultrastructure of elastosis in scirrhous carcinoma of the breast.
PUBDATE: 19760101
The stroma of scirrhous breast carcinoma frequently contains an abundance of material with the histologic staining properties of elastic tissue referred to as elastosis. In the present study, this lesion was found to correspond at the ultrastructural level to elastic fibers of various sizes and random orientation. These fibers displayed the two characteristic components, consisting of an amorphous core with a peripheral mantle of microfibrils. Interspersed among the elastic fibers were modified fibroblasts. These cells exhibited an irregular contour with numerous cytoplasmic processes and indentations. Their cytoplasm contained abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, prominent Golgi complexes, and bundles of filaments. In the extracellular space, elastic fibers were often closely apposed to the plasma membrane of the fibroblasts. Carcinoma cells were also observed in the elastic tissue. It is postulated that fibroblasts, probably under an inductive influence from cancer cells, are the cells responsible for elastic production.

12. DOCID:7785 SCORE: 0.00301683956714216
DOCNO: 657092
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: etiology
QUALIFIER: complications
AUTHOR: A Besarab A
AUTHOR: J F Caro JF
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Mechanisms of hypercalcemia in malignancy.
PUBDATE: 19780601
Various hormones have been implicated in the genesis of hypercalcemia in patients with malignancy. Ectopic secretion of PTH by tumor has been documented in only a few patients; rather, elevated levels of circulating iPTH have been presumed to reflect tumor production of hormone in most patients. Small fragments of PTH, as well as polypeptides larger than native PTH, have been described; their biological roles are unclear. The pattern of immunoreactivity, however, has been used to differentiate patients with ectopic hyperparathyroidism from patients with concomitant primary hyperparathyroidism. Vitamin D-like sterols produced by breast cancer seldom reach plasma levels necessary for physiological effects. Members of the prostaglandin family have been proposed to induce hypercalcemia through osteoclast activation or alteration of the immune system and also to affect the frequency of bone metastases. At present, no direct evidence is available to prove a direct role for these effects and prostaglandins are most useful as possible indicators of disease activity.

13. DOCID:6021 SCORE: 0.0029678738446963
DOCNO: 582619
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: metabolism
QUALIFIER: metabolism
QUALIFIER: biosynthesis
AUTHOR: S Bogoch S
AUTHOR: E S Bogoch ES
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Neurochemical research.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Production of two recognins related to malignin: recognin M from mammary MCF-7 carcinoma cells and recognin L from lymphoma P3G cells.
PUBDATE: 19790801
From the first two non-brain cancer cell types examined, mammary cancer cells (MCF-7) and lymphoma cells (P3G), two new acidic polypeptides of approximately 10,000 M.W. each have been produced, called recognin M and recognin L, respectively. These are very closely related in amino acid composition and in immunological reactions to the first two cancer recognins, astrocytin from human gliomas in vivo and malignin from malignant glial cells grown in vivo. Together with earlier findings, these observations suggest that the cancer polypeptide recognins may be produced from members of a closely related family of substances characteristic of malignant cells.

14. DOCID:7714 SCORE: 0.00295005430420129
DOCNO: 6967256
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Haemophilus Infections
DESCRIPTOR: Pneumococcal Infections
QUALIFIER: etiology
AUTHOR: G R Siber GR
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: American journal of diseases of children (1960)
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Bacteremias due to Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae: their occurrence and course in children with cancer.
PUBDATE: 19800701
Nine Haemophilus influenzae and 24 Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremias occurring in children with cancer during the years 1968 to 1977 were reviewed. The number of bacteremias due to these organisms remained relatively constant, in contrast with a sharp decrease in bacteremias caused by other organisms during this period. The highest incidence of bacteremia occurred in patients with acute leukemias and the lowest incidence in patients with solid tumors. Twenty-seven of 33 episodes occurred while patients were receiving chemotherapy. Nine bacteremias were fatal, but concurrent or superinfections contributed to death in six of these. Children with cancer who are receiving chemotherapy seem to be at higher risk of bacteremia and meningitis due to H influenzae and Strep pneumoniae than are normal children. New approaches to the prevention of these infections, such as the use of bacterial polysaccharide vaccines, deserve investigation.