0. DOCID:3723 SCORE: 0.0066411734979626
DOCNO: 919134
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: pharmacology
QUALIFIER: pharmacology
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
AUTHOR: J Müntzing J
AUTHOR: R Y Kirdani RY
AUTHOR: J Saroff J
AUTHOR: G P Murphy GP
AUTHOR: A A Sandberg AA
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Urology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Inhibitory effects of Estracyt on R-3327 rat prostatic carcinoma.
PUBDATE: 19771101
Estracyt (estramustine phosphate) injected intraperitoneally, 100 mg, per Kg. three days a week for four weeks, retarded growth of the R-3327 tumor in intact rats and in orchiectomized rats given androgen. The growth inhibition was accomplished by reduction of tumor deoxyribonucleic acid concentration and of the activities of acid phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase, and other hydrolases. Histologic examination revealed cellular necrosis particularly prominent in the orchiectomized, androgen-treated rats. Estracyt did not affect the uptake of 65-Zn in the tumors but markedly reduced the high uptake in the dorsolateral prostate. There was no accumulation of 3H or 14C in the tumors after intravenous administration of 3H, 14C-labeled Estracyt, but the isotope concentrations decreased much in the same way as they decreased in the dorsolateral prostate. The isotopes were retained in the ventral prostate, where their concentrations were approximately twenty times higher than those in the muscle four hours after injection. The results demonstrate the value of the R-3327 tumor in the evaluation of drugs of potential clinical use for the treatment of prostatic cancer. The results also show that Estracyt has an antitumor effect which is not dependent on the antigonadotropic action of the drug.

1. DOCID:3981 SCORE: 0.00553568492933819
DOCNO: 1158946
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Radionuclide Imaging
QUALIFIER: pathology
QUALIFIER: pathology
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: C S Galasko CS
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: The pathological basis for skeletal scintigraphy.
PUBDATE: 19750801
Skeletal scintigraphy, which has now been established as a useful and accurate method of detecting early skeletal metastases and assessing their response to treatment, has been investigated for its pathological basis. Histological examination of several hyndred necropsy specimens, from sixty-eight patients who died from malignant disease, showed a significant increase of osteoid and immature woven bone in the presence of metastatic cancer. Tumour-cell suspensions of the VX2 carcinoma were injected into the medullary cavity or on to the periosteal surface of the ilia or tibiae of New Zealand white rabbits. A combination of bone destruction and new bone formation, similar to the autopsy material, was seen. There were at least two mechanisms for the new bone production. Initially, intramembranous ossification was seen in the fibrous stroma surrounding the tumour. Once the cortex was involved and cortical bone destruction had occurred, large amounts of woven bone resembling fracture callus were laid down. The new bone had a markedly increased avidity for bone-seeking isotopes, indicating why skeletal scintigraphy was useful. A further twenty rabbits, in whose ilia the VX2 carcinoma was growing, were treated by local irradiation. When treatment was successful the tumour was destroyed, the production of new bone ceased, and the lesion lost its increased avidity for bone-seeking isotopes, indicating that skeletal scintigraphy could be used to assess the response of skeletal metastases to therapy.

2. DOCID:3589 SCORE: 0.00372250100115832
DOCNO: 833861
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Receptors, Concanavalin A
DESCRIPTOR: Receptors, Drug
QUALIFIER: metabolism
AUTHOR: J Matoska J
AUTHOR: J Siracký J
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Concanavalin A receptors on the surfaces of human breast cancer cells in organ culture.
PUBDATE: 19770101
The binding of concanavalin A (Con A) at the free apical membranes of surface tumor cells in human breast cancer explants grown in organ culture was studied cytochemically with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a marker. On the cell membranes in aldehyde-fixed explants or explants exposed to Con A at 4 degrees C, a continuous label covered the entire free surface of the cell, which indicated the dispersed distribution of Con A binding sites. The binding of Con A at 20 degrees C resulted in discontinuous label of the cell surface, with gaps of unlabeleled membrane and partial endocytosis of the label. Incubation at 37 degrees C, following the binding of Con A and HRP at both temperatures, induced more extensive, incubation time-dependent discontinuities of the surface label that led to complete disappearance of the label from the surface and its eventual endocytosis. Con A was topically stablized on the surface only in those regions where two membranes or a different part of a folded membrane were in close contact. No differences were found in the binding, redistribution, and internalization of bound Con A among the various tumors studied.

3. DOCID:2550 SCORE: 0.00356607271749855
DOCNO: 1218356
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Radiation Dosage
QUALIFIER: radiography
AUTHOR: D L Asbury DL
AUTHOR: P G Barker PG
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The British journal of radiology.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Radiation dosage to the breast in well-women screening surveys.
PUBDATE: 19751201
The D.H.S.S. is supporting research in several centres to determine the feasibility of establishing a nationwide Breast Cancer Screening Programme. This paper answers the questions "What is the radiation dose produced by mammography, and is it safe?". In the context of well-women screening surveys a maximum skin dose of 2 R has been recommended. The variation of dose across the breast surface is recorded and the reasons for this enumerated. The lowest mean dose recorded with industrial quality film was 4-9 R, so that such fine-grain film cannot be used for this purpose. Doses within the recommended safety limit are achieved by the use of vacuum-packed film-screen combinations. The new rare-earth phosphor screens produce the lowest dose (0-2 R). There was no significant gonad dose. It is concluded that mammographic examination of well-women can be performed at safe radiation levels.

4. DOCID:3070 SCORE: 0.0035182800835096
DOCNO: 1275019
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Biopsy
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
QUALIFIER: pathology
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: C Perez-Mesa C
AUTHOR: J S Spratt JS
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Scalene node biopsy in the pretreatment staging of carcinoma of the cervix uteri.
PUBDATE: 19760501
This study reports the experience at the Ellis Fischel State Cancer Hospital with the use of scalene node biopsy for the pretreatment evaluation of patients with carcinoma of the cervix uter. The study was stimulated by a report from the National Cancer Institutes which stated that impalpable scalene nodes contained metastatic cancer in 13 per cent of a series of 84 cases. By a meticulous biopsy technique, we were unable to confirm this high incidence, In a series of 73 cases, no impalpable lymph nodes were found to contain metastatic cancer regardless of the clinical stage of the cancer. Consequently, we have terminated the use of scalene lymph node biopsies in the staging of cervical cancer for primary treatment. The study is still in progress to evaluate patients with recurrent cervical cancer who may possibly require pelvic exenteration. Also, the procedure will be continued in patients referred for further treatment in whom carcinoma was first diagnosed as an unsuspected finding in a hysterectomy specimen.

5. DOCID:3848 SCORE: 0.00336369771550952
DOCNO: 833864
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Chromosome Aberrations
QUALIFIER: genetics
QUALIFIER: genetics
AUTHOR: S Sonta S
AUTHOR: M Oshimura M
AUTHOR: J T Evans JT
AUTHOR: A A Sandberg AA
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Chromosomes and causation of human cancer and leukemia. XX. Banding patterns of primary tumors.
PUBDATE: 19770101
Banding techniques were used in the study of the chromosomes of primary tumors from 16 patients with various types of cancer. The initial analysis with conventional Giemsa staining revealed chromosome abnormalities in 13 of the 16 tumors. Eleven of these 13 tumors and 2 of the 3 with normal karyotypes were reexamined with Q-, G-, and C-banding techniques: The 2 tumors were conventionally stained normal karyotypes were found to have no abnormalities. Nine of the tumors wre characterized by numerical changes only and 4 by both numerical and structural abnormalities. In 11 tumors, excessive chromosomes, identified with banding techniques, were usually found in the following groups (number of tumors involved is shown in parentheses): No. 5 (5), No. 8 (6), No. 11 (5), no. 13 (5), and No. 21 (5). The primary tumors examined had hyperdiploid modes; only 4 of these tumors contained marker chromosomes, as opposed to the high frequency of markers in metastatic cancer cells and the presence, usually, of high polidy (near-triploidy or near-tetraploidy). The data suggested that the karyotypic changes in primary cancers consist primarily of numerical changes (hyperploidy), rather infrequent appearance of marker chromosomes, and, when present, only 1 or 2 markers.

6. DOCID:2390 SCORE: 0.00324859778978615
DOCNO: 136112
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Cellulose
DESCRIPTOR: Diet
DESCRIPTOR: Dietary Fats
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
AUTHOR: R Zaldívar R
AUTHOR: W H Wetterstrand WH
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Zeitschrift für Krebsforschung und klinische Onkologie. Cancer research and clinical oncology.
COUNTRY: GERMANY, WEST
TITLE: High-fibre, low-saturated-fat diet and the aetiology of colo-rectal carcinomata in a low-risk population.
PUBDATE: 19760901
The Chilean population exhibits a very low risk for colo-rectal cancer. The farm workers have a high-fibre, low-saturated-fat diet and also an extremely low age-adjusted death rate for colonic and rectal cancer, in each sex. A highly significant positive correlation between age-adjusted death rates from arteriosclerotic heart disease in males and colonic and rectal cancer death rates suggests that high levels of saturated fats and/or cholesterol in the diet may be incriminated for high death rates from large bowel cancer. It is concluded that high plant fibre content and low levels of saturated fats and/or cholesterol in the diet may be important factors influencing the very low age-adjusted death rates from colo-rectal carcinoma in Chilean farm workers.

7. DOCID:3454 SCORE: 0.00317332816209717
DOCNO: 326802
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: analysis
QUALIFIER: methods
QUALIFIER: analysis
AUTHOR: K O Gerhardt KO
AUTHOR: C W Gehrke CW
AUTHOR: I T Rogers IT
AUTHOR: M A Flynn MA
AUTHOR: D J Hentges DJ
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Journal of chromatography.
COUNTRY: NETHERLANDS
TITLE: Gas-liquid chromatography of fecal neutral steriods.
PUBDATE: 19770501
A method is described for the analysis of fecal neutral steriods with a dual-column gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) system. After saponification of the fecal slurry, the neutral steroids were extracted with hexane. The GLC separation of the compounds and quantitation were achieved by simultaneous injection of the derivatized and derivatized aliquots of the extract onto dual colmuns under identical conditions. The neutral steroids of interest were than identified by matching the retention times with those of known standards, and identification was confirmed by use of an interfaced GLC high-resolution mass spectrometry system. The detection limit was 0.003 mg of steroid/g of fecal slurry. The pricision of the method is illustrated by a relative standard diviation of 2-10% and a recovery of neutral steroids from 73-96%. The method was applied to the determination of fecal neutral steroids in a "High protein diet in colon cancer study". A considerably larger level of coprostanone than of coprostanol was observed. Data on neutral steroids in fecal samples from subjects on different diets are the subject of a separate publication.

8. DOCID:2993 SCORE: 0.00309504769363221
DOCNO: 174430
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: methods
AUTHOR: J N Wolfe JN
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Developments in mammography.
PUBDATE: 19760201
Mammography is presented for the primarily nonradiologic audience. A brief historical review calls attention to some of the milestones in mammography and how it has changed. Xerororadiography is discussed, as it is one of the newer developments and is rapidly gaining broad acceptance in the United States. Clinical applications are included, with a discussion of the various entities which the radiologist can identify on the mammogram. Although the mammographic examination can be extremely accurate in the hands of interested examiners, some carcinomas will not be identified; of these, some can be discovered by routine physical examination. If mammography is made to stand alone, without a physical examination, some women with breast cancer will not be identified and will not receive prompt, adequate treatment. Mammography is an adjunct and a complement to the physical examination. Breast cancer screening appears to be effective in finding small, nonpalpable tumors, many very early in their growth. Definite evidence is now available that early diagnosis of breast cancer leads to prolonged survival. There is promise of further developments in the field of mammography.

9. DOCID:1648 SCORE: 0.00302297593575916
DOCNO: 558932
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Immunity, Cellular
QUALIFIER: immunology
QUALIFIER: immunology
QUALIFIER: immunology
AUTHOR: H Mashiba H
AUTHOR: K Matsunaga K
AUTHOR: M Ueno M
AUTHOR: S Jimi S
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Gann = Gan.
COUNTRY: JAPAN
TITLE: Cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro of human lymphocytes against a cervical cancer cell line.
PUBDATE: 19770201
Peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with uterine cervical cancer were tested against a cervical cancer cell line by micro-cytotoxicity assay. In stage O, high degree of cytotoxicity was observed but it decreased with progression of disease. In stage IV and recurrent cases, cytotoxic activity was negligible. Lymphocytes from healthy controls and myoma patients were not cytotoxic against target cells. On the other hand, lymphocyte response of phytohemagglutinin as a nonspecific T-cell activity was as high as the of healthy control in stage O, but the response decreased in stages I to IV and recurrent cases. In stages I to III, several cases showed cytotoxic activity but decreased response to phytohemagglutinin.

10. DOCID:1867 SCORE: 0.00290444271068932
DOCNO: 1129616
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Marriage
DESCRIPTOR: Sexual Behavior
DESCRIPTOR: Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
AUTHOR: C E Vincent CE
AUTHOR: B Vincent B
AUTHOR: F C Greiss FC
AUTHOR: E B Linton EB
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Southern medical journal.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Some marital-sexual concomitants of carcinoma of the cervix.
PUBDATE: 19750501
The responses of 50 cervical cancer patients to questions about marital and sexual adjustment are discussed. The subjects were predominantly poor, white women from rural areas or small towns. They had to travel 50 to 150 miles to a hospital where half were treated by radiotherapy and half by surgery. Their interview responses suggest five phases in attitudes and feelings from the time of the diagnosis until six months after treatment. Of 30 subjects who had a sex partner available and who completed the third of four interviews, 70% had either as much or more desire for coitus after treatment than before illness, and 57% had coitus either as frequently or more frequently after treatment than before illness.

11. DOCID:1853 SCORE: 0.00290444243342389
DOCNO: 843231
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: pathology
QUALIFIER: pathology
AUTHOR: E A Dikshteĭn EA
AUTHOR: I V Vasilenko IV
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Arkhiv patologii.
COUNTRY: USSR
TITLE: [Histogenesis and morphological characteristics of stomach cancer]
PUBDATE: 19770101
Histological and histochemical studies of stomach cancer and comparisons of characteristics of highly differentiated adenocarcinoma (24 observations) and nondifferentiated cancer (51 observations) revealed no differences in the character of the secret and in the activity of alkaline phosphatase in tumoral cells of glandular and nondifferentiated cancer. At the same time different localization of primary cancer was established: nondifferentiated cancer--in the region of glandular necks and basal parts of the mucosa, adenocarcinomas--in the surface regions. Comparison of the data obtained with features of physiological regeneration of the epithelium of the gastric mucosa justifies the assumption that foveate epithelium of nondifferentiated cancer, epithelium of the glandular neck, was the source of origination of adenocarcinoma. A different histogenesis of adenocarcinoma and nondifferentiated cancer accounts for their morphological differences and characteristics of the clinical course.

12. DOCID:2300 SCORE: 0.00289870928852802
DOCNO: 319785
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Inguinal Canal
DESCRIPTOR: Skin Transplantation
QUALIFIER: surgery
QUALIFIER: surgery
AUTHOR: W R Panje WR
AUTHOR: C J Krause CJ
AUTHOR: J Bardach J
AUTHOR: S R Baker SR
PUBTYPE: Case Reports
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Archives of otolaryngology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Reconstruction of intraoral defects with the free groin flap.
PUBDATE: 19770201
A free flap has been defined as an island flap that has been completely detached from the body and transferred to a distant recipient site, where microvascular anastomoses are done to reestablish its essential intravascular circulation. The groin flap, based on its superficial circumflex iliac artery and venae comitantes, was utilized as a free flap to close large intraoral defects in six patients following ablative cancer operations. All patients received preoperative or postoperative irradiation therapy. Four of the six free groin flap operations were clinically successful. One flap became necrotic unexpectedly after 3 1/2 weeks. Infection played a major part in necrosis of the other flap. The use of the free flap in oral cavity reconstruction offers certain advantages over regional vascular flaps but definite limitations exist.

13. DOCID:2684 SCORE: 0.00289015431862482
DOCNO: 856453
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Sigmoidoscopy
QUALIFIER: radiography
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: D H Bagley DH
AUTHOR: E L Felix EL
AUTHOR: W F Sindelar WF
AUTHOR: J L Doppman JL
AUTHOR: A S Ketcham AS
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Barium enema, proctosigmoidoscopy and upper gastrointestinal series in the preoperative evaluation of the cancer patient.
PUBDATE: 19770401
Charts of 566 patients admitted to the Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute over a five year period were reviewed. Routine upper gastrointestinal series was performed in 453 patients; barium enemas in 490; and proctosigmoidoscopies in 342. Upper gastrointestinal series detected no metastases or second primary malignancies but delineated the extent of large intra-abdominal tumors. Barium enema and proctosigmoidoscopy together revealed three unsuspected primary colonic tumors (1.2% in patients over 50 years of age). Sigmoidoscopy and examination of the stool for occult blood would have detected the same patients. Barium enema may be limited to surgical cancer patients in whom the extent of local tumor invasion is to be defined and to older patients in whom colonic tumors are suspected. Neither UGIS nor barium enema appear to be of value as a routine preoperative screening test in surgical cancer patients.

14. DOCID:2556 SCORE: 0.00286902173732368
DOCNO: 46783
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: metabolism
QUALIFIER: metabolism
QUALIFIER: metabolism
AUTHOR: K R McIntire KR
AUTHOR: T A Waldmann TA
AUTHOR: C G Moertel CG
AUTHOR: V L Go VL
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer research.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Serum alpha-fetoprotein in patients with neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract.
PUBDATE: 19750401
Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels were measured by a sensitive double-antibody radioimmunoassay in 580 patients with a variety of malignant and nonmalignant gastrointestinal diseases to determine the incidence of levels elevated above 40 ng/ml. Over 200 normal control subjects have all had levels below 40 ng/ml. Fifteen % of 95 patients with gastric carcinoma, 3 percent of 191 patients with colorectal carcinoma, 24 percent of 45 patients with pancreatic carcinoma, 25 percent of 8 patients with biliary tract carcinoma, and 70 percent of 73 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma had elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein. None of 14 patients with esophageal or small bowel carcinoma had elevated levels. In contrast, 1 percent of 154 patients with nonmalignant, nonhepatic gastrointestinal disease had elevations of serum alpha-fetoprotein. Alpha-Fetoprotein appears to be a potential marker for tumor activity in some patients with certain gastrointestinal cancers.