0. DOCID:3723 SCORE: 0.0066411734979626
DOCNO: 919134
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: pharmacology
QUALIFIER: pharmacology
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
AUTHOR: J Müntzing J
AUTHOR: R Y Kirdani RY
AUTHOR: J Saroff J
AUTHOR: G P Murphy GP
AUTHOR: A A Sandberg AA
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Urology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Inhibitory effects of Estracyt on R-3327 rat prostatic carcinoma.
PUBDATE: 19771101
Estracyt (estramustine phosphate) injected intraperitoneally, 100 mg, per Kg. three days a week for four weeks, retarded growth of the R-3327 tumor in intact rats and in orchiectomized rats given androgen. The growth inhibition was accomplished by reduction of tumor deoxyribonucleic acid concentration and of the activities of acid phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase, and other hydrolases. Histologic examination revealed cellular necrosis particularly prominent in the orchiectomized, androgen-treated rats. Estracyt did not affect the uptake of 65-Zn in the tumors but markedly reduced the high uptake in the dorsolateral prostate. There was no accumulation of 3H or 14C in the tumors after intravenous administration of 3H, 14C-labeled Estracyt, but the isotope concentrations decreased much in the same way as they decreased in the dorsolateral prostate. The isotopes were retained in the ventral prostate, where their concentrations were approximately twenty times higher than those in the muscle four hours after injection. The results demonstrate the value of the R-3327 tumor in the evaluation of drugs of potential clinical use for the treatment of prostatic cancer. The results also show that Estracyt has an antitumor effect which is not dependent on the antigonadotropic action of the drug.

1. DOCID:3981 SCORE: 0.00553568492933819
DOCNO: 1158946
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Radionuclide Imaging
QUALIFIER: pathology
QUALIFIER: pathology
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: C S Galasko CS
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: The pathological basis for skeletal scintigraphy.
PUBDATE: 19750801
Skeletal scintigraphy, which has now been established as a useful and accurate method of detecting early skeletal metastases and assessing their response to treatment, has been investigated for its pathological basis. Histological examination of several hyndred necropsy specimens, from sixty-eight patients who died from malignant disease, showed a significant increase of osteoid and immature woven bone in the presence of metastatic cancer. Tumour-cell suspensions of the VX2 carcinoma were injected into the medullary cavity or on to the periosteal surface of the ilia or tibiae of New Zealand white rabbits. A combination of bone destruction and new bone formation, similar to the autopsy material, was seen. There were at least two mechanisms for the new bone production. Initially, intramembranous ossification was seen in the fibrous stroma surrounding the tumour. Once the cortex was involved and cortical bone destruction had occurred, large amounts of woven bone resembling fracture callus were laid down. The new bone had a markedly increased avidity for bone-seeking isotopes, indicating why skeletal scintigraphy was useful. A further twenty rabbits, in whose ilia the VX2 carcinoma was growing, were treated by local irradiation. When treatment was successful the tumour was destroyed, the production of new bone ceased, and the lesion lost its increased avidity for bone-seeking isotopes, indicating that skeletal scintigraphy could be used to assess the response of skeletal metastases to therapy.

2. DOCID:5067 SCORE: 0.00407784256822278
DOCNO: 7227331
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Prostatectomy
QUALIFIER: therapy
QUALIFIER: therapy
AUTHOR: U Seppelt U
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Endoscopy.
COUNTRY: GERMANY, WEST
TITLE: Therapeutic approaches to postoperative contracture of the vesical neck.
PUBDATE: 19810301
Postoperative contracture is a rare cause of the secondary obstructions of the vesical neck, besides remnants of prostatic adenomas, recurrent adenoma and prostatic cancer. It appears morphologically either as circumscribed sclerosis, as so-called sphincter sclerosis, or as extensive contracture of the entire prostatic urethra. Severe postoperative contracture with an iris-shaped membrane at the site of the internal sphincter is the most frequent form up to one year after primary surgery. The overall incidence has been given as 1.37%, of which 13.6% were refractory to therapy and recurred. Special forms of therapy are discussed.

3. DOCID:6325 SCORE: 0.00398028716341284
DOCNO: 7397669
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Attitude to Health
DESCRIPTOR: Mass Screening
DESCRIPTOR: Motivation
QUALIFIER: prevention & control
AUTHOR: P Strax P
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Strategy (motivation) for detection of early breast cancer.
PUBDATE: 19800801
For successful strategy to increase motivation for mass screening for detection of early breast cancer, three elements are needed: 1) women at risk must be taught the necessity of the examination; 2) they must be made aware of the existence of the facility, which must be made easily accessible; and 3) they must be reassured that the examination is simple, effective, and safe. Mass screening for breast cancer is the only proven method that has the potential to reduce the stationary death rate from the disease. Until true primary prevention is developed, it is necessary to make mass screening ever more efficient, economical, and safe. At the same time, increasing efforts must be made to motivate women to accept such mass screening.

4. DOCID:7497 SCORE: 0.00388362734301836
DOCNO: 630038
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: False Negative Reactions
DESCRIPTOR: Mass Screening
AUTHOR: J D Goldberg JD
AUTHOR: J T Wittes JT
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Biometrics.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: The estimation of false negatives in medical screening.
PUBDATE: 19780301
In a medical screening program for early detection of disease, one or more screening modes are administered to an apparently healthy population. Knowledge of the true disease status for all screened individuals would allow estimation of the false negative and false positive rates for each mode of detection and for the program as a whole. This paper develops capture-recapture methods applicable to programs as a whole. This paper develops capture-recapture methods applicable to programs when follow-up of individuals negative on screening is not performed or is incomplete. The methods require at least two independent modes of detection. Data from a breast cancer screening program illustrate the procedure. The results of four screening examinations at approximately one-year intervals and the long-term follow-up of all screened individuals support the usefulness of these methods in the evaluation of a screening program.

5. DOCID:3589 SCORE: 0.00372250100115832
DOCNO: 833861
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Receptors, Concanavalin A
DESCRIPTOR: Receptors, Drug
QUALIFIER: metabolism
AUTHOR: J Matoska J
AUTHOR: J Siracký J
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Concanavalin A receptors on the surfaces of human breast cancer cells in organ culture.
PUBDATE: 19770101
The binding of concanavalin A (Con A) at the free apical membranes of surface tumor cells in human breast cancer explants grown in organ culture was studied cytochemically with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a marker. On the cell membranes in aldehyde-fixed explants or explants exposed to Con A at 4 degrees C, a continuous label covered the entire free surface of the cell, which indicated the dispersed distribution of Con A binding sites. The binding of Con A at 20 degrees C resulted in discontinuous label of the cell surface, with gaps of unlabeleled membrane and partial endocytosis of the label. Incubation at 37 degrees C, following the binding of Con A and HRP at both temperatures, induced more extensive, incubation time-dependent discontinuities of the surface label that led to complete disappearance of the label from the surface and its eventual endocytosis. Con A was topically stablized on the surface only in those regions where two membranes or a different part of a folded membrane were in close contact. No differences were found in the binding, redistribution, and internalization of bound Con A among the various tumors studied.

6. DOCID:2550 SCORE: 0.00356607271749855
DOCNO: 1218356
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Radiation Dosage
QUALIFIER: radiography
AUTHOR: D L Asbury DL
AUTHOR: P G Barker PG
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The British journal of radiology.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Radiation dosage to the breast in well-women screening surveys.
PUBDATE: 19751201
The D.H.S.S. is supporting research in several centres to determine the feasibility of establishing a nationwide Breast Cancer Screening Programme. This paper answers the questions "What is the radiation dose produced by mammography, and is it safe?". In the context of well-women screening surveys a maximum skin dose of 2 R has been recommended. The variation of dose across the breast surface is recorded and the reasons for this enumerated. The lowest mean dose recorded with industrial quality film was 4-9 R, so that such fine-grain film cannot be used for this purpose. Doses within the recommended safety limit are achieved by the use of vacuum-packed film-screen combinations. The new rare-earth phosphor screens produce the lowest dose (0-2 R). There was no significant gonad dose. It is concluded that mammographic examination of well-women can be performed at safe radiation levels.

7. DOCID:3070 SCORE: 0.0035182800835096
DOCNO: 1275019
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Biopsy
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
QUALIFIER: pathology
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: C Perez-Mesa C
AUTHOR: J S Spratt JS
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Scalene node biopsy in the pretreatment staging of carcinoma of the cervix uteri.
PUBDATE: 19760501
This study reports the experience at the Ellis Fischel State Cancer Hospital with the use of scalene node biopsy for the pretreatment evaluation of patients with carcinoma of the cervix uter. The study was stimulated by a report from the National Cancer Institutes which stated that impalpable scalene nodes contained metastatic cancer in 13 per cent of a series of 84 cases. By a meticulous biopsy technique, we were unable to confirm this high incidence, In a series of 73 cases, no impalpable lymph nodes were found to contain metastatic cancer regardless of the clinical stage of the cancer. Consequently, we have terminated the use of scalene lymph node biopsies in the staging of cervical cancer for primary treatment. The study is still in progress to evaluate patients with recurrent cervical cancer who may possibly require pelvic exenteration. Also, the procedure will be continued in patients referred for further treatment in whom carcinoma was first diagnosed as an unsuspected finding in a hysterectomy specimen.

8. DOCID:7906 SCORE: 0.00350153104692827
DOCNO: 537638
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: European Continental Ancestry Group
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
AUTHOR: D F Austin DF
AUTHOR: M King M
AUTHOR: K Roe K
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: National Cancer Institute monograph.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Cancer incidence trends in white women of the San Francisco Bay Area.
PUBDATE: 19791101
The 10% increase in the incidence of all cancer observed in the total white population of the San Francisco Bay Area during 1970-75 is mostly due to the 19% increase in cancer among white females. The latter is largely a result of increased incidence of cancer of the corpus uteri, breast, and lung, and of malignant melanoma. Cancer of these four sites constitutes 85% of the increase in white women. The rise in uterine corpus cancer is limited to women over 50 years of age. An incidence peak in 1974 of breast cancer was followed by a substantial decrease in 1975. The 50% rise in female lung cancer is an extension of the increase that began in 1965. The almost 70% increase in melanoma among women since 1975 accompanies a comparable increase in melanoma among males after a decade of stable incidence rates.

9. DOCID:7028 SCORE: 0.00341986131172543
DOCNO: 638979
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
AUTHOR: H E Skipper HE
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Adjuvant chemotherapy.
PUBDATE: 19780301
In this brief presentation, an attempt was made to illustrate why it is not possible to carry over chemotherapeutic trial results from one animal cancer to another or one human cancer to another without corrections for differences in (a) staging, (b) dose response, and (c) tumor regrowth rates. Interrelation of quantitative information on these same three variables has provided useful guidance in the planning and interpretation of experimental therapeutic trials. For example, such integration analyses show that selection and overgrowth of specifically and permanently drug-resistant tumor cells is a major cause of chemotherapeutic failure in cancers that initia-ly respond. Surgery followed by optimum chemotherapy improves the "cure rate" of all metastatic solid animal cancers that have been studied to date. However, surgery followed by chemotherapy fails in those animals in which the residual tumor cell burden (after surgery) is too large for the chemotherapy now available.

10. DOCID:6988 SCORE: 0.0034198372674445
DOCNO: 6938127
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Neoplasms, Multiple Primary
QUALIFIER: pathology
QUALIFIER: pathology
AUTHOR: A D Mosijczuk AD
AUTHOR: F B Ruymann FB
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: American journal of diseases of children (1960)
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Second malignancy in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Review of 33 cases.
PUBDATE: 19810401
Improved survival in childhood cancer resulting from advances in therapy is frequently associated with long-term morbidity, including the potential for second malignancy. In a review of the literature in the English language, we found 33 cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) followed by a second neoplasm. Second tumors in this group of patients with ALL include seven cases of histiocytic medullary reticulosis, four cases of Hodgkin's disease, nine cases of acute myelocytic leukemia, four cases of chronic myelocytic leukemia, and nine cases of solid tumors. The appearance of subsequent malignancies may be related to a combination of therapy-induced immunosuppression, a direct carcinogenic effect resulting from therapy, and/or constitutional factors. Physicians should be alert to the possibility of subsequent malignant neoplasms in survivors of cancer.

11. DOCID:7828 SCORE: 0.00337693548737043
DOCNO: 728871
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: blood
QUALIFIER: metabolism
QUALIFIER: metabolism
AUTHOR: M McKenzie M
AUTHOR: T McLemore T
AUTHOR: P Rankin P
AUTHOR: R R Martin RR
AUTHOR: N Wray N
AUTHOR: E Cantrell E
AUTHOR: D Busbee D
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: A human plasma component that binds benzo(a)pyrene.
PUBDATE: 19781201
A component capable of binding benzo(a)pyrene was measured in plasma from cigarette smokers and nonsmokers. This plasma fraction was found to have a high specificity of binding to benzo(a)pyrene, bound benzanthracene competitively with benzo(a)pyrene, and was positively correlated (r = 0.861, p less than 0.001) with the capacity of the individual subject's lymphocytes to be induced for AHH activity in culture. An inverse correlation (r = -0.957, p less than 0.001) between the presence of the plasma component in lung cancer patients and the capacity of lung cancer patients' lymphocytes to be induced in culture is unexplained at this time. A benzo(a)pyrene-binding fraction was not found in induced or uninduced cultured lymphocytes from smokers or nonsmokers, or in homogenates of lung excisional tissue from smokers with or without primary lung cancer.

12. DOCID:7529 SCORE: 0.00337408533990723
DOCNO: 93183
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: administration & dosage
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
QUALIFIER: analogs & derivatives
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
AUTHOR: P J Selby PJ
AUTHOR: R L Powles RL
AUTHOR: B Janeson B
AUTHOR: H E Kay HE
AUTHOR: J G Watson JG
AUTHOR: R Thornton R
AUTHOR: G Morgenstern G
AUTHOR: H M Clink HM
AUTHOR: T J McElwain TJ
AUTHOR: H G Prentice HG
AUTHOR: R Corringharn R
AUTHOR: M G Ross MG
AUTHOR: A V Hoffbrand AV
AUTHOR: D Brigden D
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Lancet.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Parenteral acyclovir therapy for herpesvirus infections in man.
PUBDATE: 19791201
Acyclovir is a new antiviral agent which is highly active against herpesviruses in vitro and in laboratory animals. Twenty-three cancer patients with cutaneous and/or systemic herpes zoster or herpes simplex infections were treated with parenteral acyclovir. All had received previous specific treatment for their malignant disease and ten had undergone bone-marrow transplantation. The drug seemed to arrest the progress of the infections and was most effective when given early. Although two patients showed transient increases in blood-urea, possibly the result of acyclovir, the drug was remarkably non-toxic in the doses used.

13. DOCID:3848 SCORE: 0.00336369771550952
DOCNO: 833864
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Chromosome Aberrations
QUALIFIER: genetics
QUALIFIER: genetics
AUTHOR: S Sonta S
AUTHOR: M Oshimura M
AUTHOR: J T Evans JT
AUTHOR: A A Sandberg AA
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Chromosomes and causation of human cancer and leukemia. XX. Banding patterns of primary tumors.
PUBDATE: 19770101
Banding techniques were used in the study of the chromosomes of primary tumors from 16 patients with various types of cancer. The initial analysis with conventional Giemsa staining revealed chromosome abnormalities in 13 of the 16 tumors. Eleven of these 13 tumors and 2 of the 3 with normal karyotypes were reexamined with Q-, G-, and C-banding techniques: The 2 tumors were conventionally stained normal karyotypes were found to have no abnormalities. Nine of the tumors wre characterized by numerical changes only and 4 by both numerical and structural abnormalities. In 11 tumors, excessive chromosomes, identified with banding techniques, were usually found in the following groups (number of tumors involved is shown in parentheses): No. 5 (5), No. 8 (6), No. 11 (5), no. 13 (5), and No. 21 (5). The primary tumors examined had hyperdiploid modes; only 4 of these tumors contained marker chromosomes, as opposed to the high frequency of markers in metastatic cancer cells and the presence, usually, of high polidy (near-triploidy or near-tetraploidy). The data suggested that the karyotypic changes in primary cancers consist primarily of numerical changes (hyperploidy), rather infrequent appearance of marker chromosomes, and, when present, only 1 or 2 markers.

14. DOCID:7743 SCORE: 0.0033223080525741
DOCNO: 77562
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
DESCRIPTOR: Esophageal Neoplasms
QUALIFIER: pharmacology
AUTHOR: R M Saunders RM
AUTHOR: J J Alexander JJ
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde.
COUNTRY: SOUTH AFRICA
TITLE: In vitro effects of bleomycin on a carcinoma of the oesophagus cell line.
PUBDATE: 19780201
A dose of 10 microgram/ml bleomycin inhibited the growth of oesophageal carcinoma cells and non-squamous cells in vitro. Drug concentration, density of cells and the time of exposure to the drug were important variables. The oesophagus cancer cells increased in volume by 2,5 +/- 0,2% per hour until the onset of lysis at 96 hours. The effects of the drug were irreversible even when the exposure time was only 24 hours. A certain proportion of the cell population was resistant to bleomycin and these cells remained resistant when the drug was removed for 48 hours and then replaced. No drug inactivation or uptake could be detected with the use of microbiological assay after 4 days of incubation with 3 cell types. There is poor correlation between in vitro and in vivo results.