0. DOCID:3091 SCORE: 0.0029248542899575
DOCNO: 986259
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Galactosemias
QUALIFIER: blood
QUALIFIER: analysis
QUALIFIER: blood
QUALIFIER: blood
AUTHOR: J E Mrochek JE
AUTHOR: S R Dinsmore SR
AUTHOR: D C Tormey DC
AUTHOR: T P Waalkes TP
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Clinical chemistry.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Protein-bound carbohydrates in breast cancer. Liquid-chromatographic analysis for mannose, galactose, fucose, and sialic acid in serum.
PUBDATE: 19760901
We describr high-resolution chromatographic analysis for protein-bound sialic acid in serum, with use of a cerate oxidimetric detector. Values for sera from normal women averaged 680.5 mg/liter, with a coefficient of variation of 23%. Including data obtained by previously developed chromatographic procedures for protein-bound mannose, galactose, and fucsoe, we assessed sera from breast-cancer patients whose malignancy had been categorized as either stable, responsive, or progressive (based on clinical observations spaced from two to five months apart). All of 12 responsive patients had decreases of protein-bound fucose averaging 34.5% (SD, 16.1) and all of 10 patients with progressive disease had increases averaging 38.3% (SD 21.5). Changes in fucose averaged less than 6.7% (SD, 4.9) for eight patients with clinically stable breast cancer. Changes in protein-bound mannose, galactose, and sialic acid did not correlate as well as did fucose with the clinical disease status of the patients.


1. DOCID:3447 SCORE: 0.00283961804650379
DOCNO: 1203838
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: analogs & derivatives
AUTHOR: C R Smart CR
AUTHOR: L B Townsend LB
AUTHOR: W J Rusho WJ
AUTHOR: H J Eyre HJ
AUTHOR: J M Quagliana JM
AUTHOR: M L Wilson ML
AUTHOR: C B Edwards CB
AUTHOR: S J Manning SJ
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Phase I study of ftorafur, an analog of 5-fluorouracil.
PUBDATE: 19750701
Ftorafur, a furanyl analog of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), is reported to be five to six times less toxic and possibly more effective in cancer of the breast and colon than 5-FU. The drug was synthesized, formulated, and utilized in toxicologic studies, and then in 24 patients with advanced incurable malignancies. When Ftorafur is given by intravenous push, it results in immediate flushing, dizziness, nausea, retching, and in some cases transient hypotension. These immediate side effects are largely eliminated by administering the drug slowly by infusion. In patients, 60 mg/kg of Ftorafur given i.v. daily for up to 10 days resulted in mild toxicity. However, 80 mg/kg given i.v. daily for 7 days resulted in severe toxicity, with nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. These studies confirm those of the Russian investigators as to toxicity and dosage, even with a different method of administration more convenient for therapy. Phase II studies are presently being carried out to compare the effectiveness of Ftorafur and 5-FU.


2. DOCID:3951 SCORE: 0.00250412129350623
DOCNO: 1117595
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: J Utsunomiya J
AUTHOR: H Gocho H
AUTHOR: T Miyanaga T
AUTHOR: E Hamaguchi E
AUTHOR: A Kashimure A
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: The Johns Hopkins medical journal.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: its natural course and management.
PUBDATE: 19750201
Two hundred and twenty-two patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome were ascertained in Japan between 1961 and 1974 through two nationwide surveys, medical literature, and personal examinations. Genetic analysis was made of this group as well as 102 follow-up cases. The average age at diagnosis was 23 in males and 26 in females, with male to female ratio of 1:1.13. Presenting complaints of 170 patients included obstruction (42.8 per cent of patients), abdominal pain (23.4 per cent), rectal bleeding (13.5 per cent), extrusion of polyp (7.2 percent). Diagnosis of 52 patients was based on melanin pigmentation. Intussusception occurred in 46.9 per cent of the patients, most often in the small intestine. Polyps occurred in the stomach in 108 patients (48.6 per cent), small intestine, 142 patients (64 per cent), colon, 118 patients (53.2 per cent) and rectum, 71 patients (32 per cent). Among the 222 patients, cancer was histologically verified in 28. Fifteen early cancers occurred (3 gastric, 8 small intestine, 4 colon), and 11 advanced cancers (3 gastric, 1 small intestine, 6 colon, and 1 both colon and small intestine). Mortality was lower than in patients with familial polyposis coli but higher than in the general population. Conservative surgical management, planned medical follow-up, and the need for a national registration system are stressed.


3. DOCID:2766 SCORE: 0.00249814451526523
DOCNO: 912870
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
QUALIFIER: blood
AUTHOR: L M Silverman LM
AUTHOR: G B Dermer GB
AUTHOR: Z A Tökes ZA
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Clinical chemistry.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Electrophoretic patterns for serum glycoproteins reflect the presence of human breast cancer.
PUBDATE: 19771101
We describe a group of glycoproteins that are synthesized and released by human breast tumors maintained in organ culture and similar glycoproteins released by a human breast carcinoma cell line (BT-20). The electrophoretic mobility of these glycoproteins on cellulose acetate is consistent with increased glycoprotein-staining material present in the alpha2- to beta-globulin region of serum glycoprotein electropherograms from patients with breast cancer. Moreover, after mastectomy, this glycoprotein material in serum decreases to concentrations seen in a control population of patients with benign breast lesions. Patients with proven metastatic breast cancer have patterns reflecting their clinical status: those who respond to treatment have glycoprotein electropherograms similar to the group of patients with benign breast lesions, while those who do not have increased amounts of alpha2- beta-glycoprotein. We believe serum glycoprotein measurements in breast-cancer patients reflect the presence of glycoproteins that are released by the malignant cells and enter the circulation.


4. DOCID:3095 SCORE: 0.0024546325723032
DOCNO: 1192361
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Radioactive Fallout
QUALIFIER: etiology
QUALIFIER: complications
QUALIFIER: complications
AUTHOR: T Ishimaru T
AUTHOR: R W Cihak RW
AUTHOR: C E Land CE
AUTHOR: A Steer A
AUTHOR: A Yamada A
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Lung cancer at autopsy in A-bomd survivors and controls, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1961-1970. II. Smoking, occupation, and A-bomb exposure.
PUBDATE: 19751101
The apparent effect of ionizing radiation on lung cancer in A-bomb survivors has not been large enough to still doubts as to its validity. It has seemed essential to determine whether the apparent radiation effect could have resulted from a confounding of heavy smoking and high radiation dose, or if the occupational exposure of high-dose subjects with lung cancer was suggestive of the influence of environmental hazards other than radiation. The available series consists of 204 subjects with lung cancer verified by autopsy, 61 of whom were low-dose (less than 1 rad) and 13 high-dose (200 + rads) subjects. No evidence could be found that the influence of either smoking or occupational exposure upon lung cancer was exerted so as to suggest that the apparent radiation effect is other than real. The study also provides additional evidence of the relationship between lung cancer and smoking in Japanese.


5. DOCID:3413 SCORE: 0.00235878686136082
DOCNO: 963170
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Models, Biological
DESCRIPTOR: Mortality
DESCRIPTOR: Probability
DESCRIPTOR: Stochastic Processes
AUTHOR: S W Lagakos SW
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Biometrics.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: A stochastic model for censored-survival data in the presence of an auxiliary variable.
PUBDATE: 19760901
In clinical trials and other investigations of survival time, information is often available on a time-dependent event other than survival. An example of such an auxiliary event in cancer studies is objective progression of disease. While some patients expire without experiencing objective disease progression, others die after progression is observed. This paper proposes a stochastic model which utilizes this type of information in the evaluation of survival time. Our intentions in presenting this model are to provide a means of relating survival and another time-dependent event to one another (each of which may be used in the evaluation of a patient's condition), and to obtain more precise estimates of survival time by exploiting its relationship with this other event. The intrinsic aspects of the model are related to the semi-Markov model proposed by Weiss and Zelen [1965]. An important difference is that the present model incorporates incomplete (censored) observations as well as covariante variables. Analysis of the model via the method of maximum likelihood and its testability are discussed. The methods are applied to the results of a recent lung cancer study.


6. DOCID:2611 SCORE: 0.00230483389416861
DOCNO: 171226
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Antigen-Antibody Reactions
QUALIFIER: analysis
QUALIFIER: analysis
QUALIFIER: immunology
QUALIFIER: immunology
AUTHOR: G de-Thé G
AUTHOR: J H Ho JH
AUTHOR: D V Ablashi DV
AUTHOR: N E Day NE
AUTHOR: A J Macario AJ
AUTHOR: M C Martin-Berthelon MC
AUTHOR: G Pearson G
AUTHOR: R Sohier R
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.
COUNTRY: DENMARK
TITLE: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. IX. Antibodies to EBNA and correlation with response to other ebv antigens in chinese patients.
PUBDATE: 19751101
Ninety-five sera from Chinese NPC patients in different stages of the disease, 38 sera from Chinese patients with other cancers, and 50 normal Chinese sera, were titrated for EBNA, VCA, EA and complement-fixing (CF/S) EBV-specific antibodies. The geometric mean (GMT) EBNA antibody titre of patients with NPC at stage I was found to be four times higher than that of normal individuals and increased in parallel with clinical deterioration. Antibody titres against EBNA did not correlate with either VCA or EA antibodies but, in general, correlated with CF/S antibodies. EA antibodies correlated relatively well with VCA antibodies and discriminated better than EBNA titre between NPC at stage I and controls.


7. DOCID:3427 SCORE: 0.00225888560793465
DOCNO: 324696
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: F Wiener F
AUTHOR: L Lev L
AUTHOR: A Kovant A
AUTHOR: E Robinson E
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Clinical radiology.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Computer-aided tumour classification and treatment selection in breast cancer.
PUBDATE: 19770501
In order to provide a common basis for treatment decisions and the future evaluation of breast cancer therapy, the breast cancer protocol used in our clinic was formulated for the computer. A system for the simulation of clinical reasoning was used which allows the physician to express the medical logic as a series of inferences to be confirmed or rejected on the basis of Boolean combinations of medical criteria. The system enables the physician to rearrange these criteria into a questionnaire for complete and accurate recording of patient data. These data are then fed into the computer to produce a patient status report and treatment recommendations. The data from 26 patients in various stages of breast cancer have been processed by the computer and the computer's conclusions compared to the assessment made by a junior physician in our department. In three cases the staging was not identical, in 15 cases the treatment decisions were not identical and in all cases investigations were left out by the physician. The system has been of considerable value in standardising patient examination and treatment and in training inexperienced physicians.


8. DOCID:3469 SCORE: 0.00217043119740703
DOCNO: 194665
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: analysis
QUALIFIER: immunology
AUTHOR: P J DiSaia PJ
AUTHOR: C P Morrow CP
AUTHOR: B J Haverback BJ
AUTHOR: B J Dyce BJ
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Carcinoembryonic antigen in cancer of the female reproductive system. Serial plasma values correlated with disease state.
PUBDATE: 19770601
The results of plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) determinations done over 600 patients with gynecologic malignancy will be presented. It would appear from this extensive survey that the likelihood of a patient having a positive value is increased with advancing stage and bulk of disease. The incidence of positive values in patients with clinical recurrence is quite impressive and presents a possible mode of follow-up for patients after standard treatment techniques have been administered for cervical cancer. Most interesting is the effect of radiation therapy or surgery on squamous cell cancer of the cervix and vulva in patients who have a positive value of the onset. Treatment of the disease by either modality appears to be associated with a precipitous drop in plasma value of CEA. Unfortunately, the presence or absence of CEA is not reliable and to date it is impossible to predict which patients with gynecologic malignancy will manifest a positive plasma value. Comments will be made concerning retro-de-differentiation and de-repression as a mechanism for the production of this antigen in patients with gynecologic cancer.


9. DOCID:3647 SCORE: 0.0021603072684063
DOCNO: 1203855
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: drug therapy
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
QUALIFIER: therapeutic use
AUTHOR: D L Ahmann DL
AUTHOR: H F Bisel HF
AUTHOR: R G Hahn RG
AUTHOR: R T Eagan RT
AUTHOR: J H Edmonson JH
AUTHOR: J L Steinfeld JL
AUTHOR: D C Tormey DC
AUTHOR: W F Taylor WF
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Cancer.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: An analysis of a multiple-drug program in the treatment of patients with advanced breast cancer utilizing 5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, and prednisone with or without vincristine.
PUBDATE: 19751201
Ninety patients with advanced breast cancer received a polychemotherapeutic program composed of 5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, and prednisone with or without vincristine as a control group in a series of four consecutive Phase II clinical trials of new drug programs. Objective regression rates were 59% without vincristine and 46% with vincristine. Projected mean length of regressions exceeds 1 year. Site of dominant disease, disease-free interval, or performance scale score (if score was 0, 1, or 2, ECOG scale) failed to influence response rates; decreasing response rates were noted as the length of time increased after menopause. No advantage existed in patients experiencing severe myelosuppression (nadir leukocyte count of less than 1,500/mm), and appreciable response rates occurred without significant myelosuppression. The addition of vincristine to the regimen failed to increase the response rates, and only increased toxicity. The program as outlined is reasonably tolerable and effective for this group of patients with advanced breast cancer.


10. DOCID:2847 SCORE: 0.00213555875246411
DOCNO: 133776
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: immunology
QUALIFIER: immunology
QUALIFIER: blood
AUTHOR: B N Gray BN
AUTHOR: R R Kopito RR
AUTHOR: L L Anderson LL
AUTHOR: O L Baralt OL
AUTHOR: C K Connery CK
AUTHOR: E Watkins E
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Clinical and experimental immunology.
COUNTRY: ENGLAND
TITLE: Sialoproteinaemia: lack of correlation with inhibition of in vitro lymphoblastosis induced by phytohaemagglutinin or alloantigen.
PUBDATE: 19760801
Elevation of serum-bound sialic acid concentration in different disease states fails to correlate significantly with suppressive serum actions in mixed allogeneic lymphocyte cultures or phyto-haemagglutinin cultures. Heat-decomplemented serum from patients with abnormal levels of bound sialic acid was added to parallel cultures containing similar blood lymphocyte populations derived from normal humans. Wide fluctuations of the rate of incorporation of tritiated thymidine into nucleoprotein indicated presence of suppressive elements other than sialoprotein in the added serum components. Serum with rising sialyl concentration derived from patients with cancer showed slight tendency to augment mixed lymphocyte and phytohaemagglutinin responses. The findings suggest that the previously documented nonspecific suppressive action of serum sialoprotein on human host lymphoblastic response to neuraminidase-treated cancer cells represents a mechanism unique to that culture system rather than a manifestation of a general immunoregulatory function of serum sialoprotein.


11. DOCID:1716 SCORE: 0.00201821148122868
DOCNO: 1188562
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
DESCRIPTOR: Radionuclide Imaging
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
QUALIFIER: diagnosis
AUTHOR: E L Felix EL
AUTHOR: W F Sindelar WF
AUTHOR: D H Bagley DH
AUTHOR: G S Johnston GS
AUTHOR: A S Ketcham AS
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Surgery, gynecology & obstetrics.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: The use of bone and brain scans as screening procedures in patients with malignant lesions.
PUBDATE: 19751201
A retrospective study to determine the value of bone and brain scans was performed in preoperative patients with melanoma, sarcoma, cancer of the head and neck and carcinoma of the pelvis. No occult metastases were identified in 170 patients in whom brain scan was performed. On late follow-up data, eight patients had neurologic symptoms develop and had brain metastases identified on scan. Of 223 bone scans performed, only one distant metastatic lesion was identified. It is, therefore, suggested that, in these types of patients, bone and brain scans be reserved for those with symptoms referable to the neurologic or skeletal systems.


12. DOCID:2784 SCORE: 0.00199573320616141
DOCNO: 50247
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: administration & dosage
AUTHOR: N Fukuda N
AUTHOR: M Urano M
AUTHOR: M Endo M
AUTHOR: K Ando K
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Gann = Gan.
COUNTRY: JAPAN
TITLE: Optimum fractionation regimen for bleomycin treatment.
PUBDATE: 19750401
A theoretical analysis was made on the optimum Bleomycin treatment regimen on the basis of the "binding-saturation model" which was proposed for the Bleomycin dose-cell survival relation. The surviving fraction of tumor cells decreased as a function of the number of fractionated treatments up to the optimum fractionation number if the tumor was treated with the same total dose. The effect of cellular sensitivity to the antibiotic, tumor doubling time, treatment interval, and total doses on the optimum regimen was analyzed. The importance of treatment interval and tumor doubling time was emphasized and the short treatment interval was recommended for the clinical use of this antibiotic. The optimum number of fractions increased linearly with the increase of the total dose while the optimum single dose was independent of the total dose. A concept of the tumor control probability of tumors treated with the optimum fractionation regimen was introduced and implications of these analyses in the clinical cancer chemotherapy were discussed.


13. DOCID:3417 SCORE: 0.00196355160313682
DOCNO: 1255759
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: epidemiology
AUTHOR: W Haenszel W
AUTHOR: M Kurihara M
AUTHOR: F B Locke FB
AUTHOR: K Shimuzu K
AUTHOR: M Segi M
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
COUNTRY: UNITED STATES
TITLE: Stomach cancer in Japan.
PUBDATE: 19760201
A study of 783 patients with stomach cancer and 1,566 hospital controls in Hiroshima and Miyagi prefectures of Japan showed that farmers, representing mostly the lowest socioeconomic class, had higher risk of developing stomach cancer. The usual inverse gradient in risk by social class was in the urban population of Miyagi, but not Hiroshima, prefecture. The study in Japan did not reproduce the association of stomach cancer with consumption of salted/dried fish and salt-pickled vegetables described for the Hawaiian Japanese. Salted/dried fish and pickled vegetables were more widely used by farmers than by nonfarmers in Japan or by Japanese migrants to Hawaii. The ability to detect associations for these typical Japanese foods in Hawaii stemmed from the fact that these reduced levels of use were more completely expressed by the Hawaiian-Japanese controls than by patients. The lower risk of developing stomach cancer for lettuce and celery users agreed with the Hawaiian-Japanese findings, and the combined results supported conjectures on possible protective food effects. Lettuce, in particular, warranted attention from this viewpoint, since similar findings have been consistently reported.


14. DOCID:3594 SCORE: 0.00196015068177495
DOCNO: 1265470
OWNER: NLM
STATUS: MEDLINE
QUALIFIER: analysis
QUALIFIER: immunology
AUTHOR: E S Gray ES
AUTHOR: A L McLay AL
AUTHOR: W D Thompson WD
AUTHOR: D Donald D
AUTHOR: C H Horne CH
PUBTYPE: Journal Article
JOURNALTITLE: Scottish medical journal.
COUNTRY: SCOTLAND
TITLE: Non-organ specific autoantibodies in malignant diseases.
PUBDATE: 19760901
A significant increase in non-organ specific autoantibodies is demonstrated in13 per cent of the sera from 202 patients with histologically proven malignancies, as compared with only 4 per cent of sera from 214 age and sex matched control patients. It appears that the incidence of autoantibodies is related to the histological type of the tumour but not to the presence or absence of tumour dissenmination. While the control group shows the expected increase in both incidence and titre of autoantibodies with increasing age, the malignant patients show no such pattern i.e. in cancer patients autoantibodies occur with equal frequency and at similar titres regardless of age. The absence of an age related increase in incidence and titre of non organ specific autoantibodies does not appear to have been reported previously. Our findings lend support to the hypothesis that cancer is associated with a breakdown of immunological surveillance, not only in old but also in young cancer patients. Thus the findings of non organ specific autoantibodies, especially to smooth muscle antigen, in an apparently healthy adult could be considered evidence of such a breakdown, carrying with it an increased risk of neoplasia.