Mobile Robot Motion Planning Outline
Last modified: Thu, October 11, 2001
Outline Pointers
I
Intro
II
Start-Goal Algorithms
III
Grid-Based Maps
V
Configuration Space
VI
Roadmaps
VII
Probabilistic Motion Planning Techniques
VIII
Probabilistic Pixel-Based Maps
IX
Simultaneous Localization and Mapping
X
Visibility Based
XI
Coverage
XII
Visual Exploration
XIII
Non-holonomic Path Planning
XIV
Trajectory planning
XV
Manipulation planning
XVI
Miscellaneous
Outline wo/papers
(old)
Research Links
Author web pages
references start
I.
Intro
(Text:
pdf
/
ps
, (last updated 10/8/2001, Copyright Howie Choset, 2001)
Where am I?--Sensors and Methods for Mobile Robot Positioning
by J. Borenstein , H. R. Everett , and L. Feng
Robot Motion Planning
by J.C. Latombe (out of print)
Introduction to AI Robotics
by Robin Murphy
Sensors for Mobile Robots
by H. Bart R. Everett
Computational Principles of Mobile Robotics
by Gregory Dudek and Michael Jenkin
Computational Geometry: Algorithms and Applications
by
Mark de Berg
,
Marc van Kreveld
,
Mark Overmars
,
Otfried Schwarzkopf
Computational Geometry in C (Second Edition)
by Joseph O'Rourke
II.
Start-to-Goal Algorithm
(Text:
pdf
/
ps
, last updated 10/8/2001, Copyright Howie Choset, 2001)
A. Bug2
Lumelsky
1. Completeness
2. Wall Following: Numeric Continuation Methods
3. Centerline Sonar Model: distance to closest obstacle
4. Does the robot really reach the goal?
D. Fox, W. Burgard, and S. Thrun
B. TanBug (
Rimon
)
C. Brief Mention of other bugs
WedgeBug (
Laubach & Burdick
)
3D Bug (
Rimon
)
D. Attractive/Repulsive Functions
1. Positive Charge Analogy and Hill Climbing
2. Potential Function Definition
3. Gradient Descent (Minima, maxima, saddle)
4. Relate to Direct Sensor Measurements
5. Vectorfield Histogram (
Borenstein
)
6. Brushfire
7. Fast March Algorithm (
Sethian
(Potential based))
E. Local Minimum Problem -- trapped
F. Navigation Functions (
Rimon & Kodicheck
)
G. Principle of Optimality
H. Randomized Potentials??? (Here or probabilistic techniques chap) (
Barraquand, Langlois & Latombe
)
III.
Grid-Based Maps
(Text:
pdf
/
ps
, last updated 9/25/2001, Copyright Howie Choset, 2001)
A. Search a grid (Advertise Numerical Recipes)
1. Binary search, depth-first, breadth first
2. Iterative depth first deepening (combo of depth first and breadth first) (
Nourbash
-
(no papers)
)
3. Dijkstra's Algorithm
4. A* (some basic thing)
5. D* (
Stentz
)
B. Wavefront
C. Brushfire Algorithm
D. Frontier Exploration
Yamauchi
Simmons
E. Maybe Borenstein here....? (
Borenstein
)
F. Framed Quad-Trees (
Stentz
)
V.
Configuration Space
(Text:
pdf
/
ps
, last updated 10/08/2001, Copyright Howie Choset, 2001)
A. Configuration Space (
Lozano-Perez
)
B. Polygonal Obstacles (
De Berg etc. Chapter 13
)
C. Some higher dims
Configuration Space - Planar Robot Simulator with Obstacle Avoidance
VI.
Roadmaps
(Text:
pdf
/
ps
, last updated 10/10/2001, Copyright Howie Choset, 2001)
A. Visibility Graph
B. Canny's Roadmap (
Canny
)
C. OPP
1.
Canny & Lin
2.
Rimon
D. GVG
1.
Rao
2.
Choset
Robot Path Planning Using Generalized Voronoi Diagrams
E. Place Maps
1.
Kuipers
2.
CJ Taylor and Kriegman
VII.
Probabilistic Motion Planning Techniques
A. Probability Primer (Howie wrote this)
B. Probabilistic potential functions (??? here or above) (
Latombe
)
C. Roadmaps
Kavraki
Latombe
Amato
Gupta
D. RRT's
Lavalle & Kuffner
VIII.
Probabilistic Pixel-Based Maps
A. Probability Primer (Howie
ps
/
pdf
(under serious construction))
B. Occupancy
Morevac
Elfes
Konolidge
(Improved Occ)
Kleeman
C. Hybrid Approaches
Thrun
Kortenkamp
Arras
- (finding line segments from collections of points like Hough)
IX.
Simultaneous Localization and Mapping
A. Kalman
Text that Howie wrote
ps
/
pdf
(under serious construction)
Davison
(slam using vision)
Leonard and Durrante-Whyte
Guivant
(slam - ekf)
B. Bayesian
Burgard
(Markov Localization)
Fox
(Monte Carlo Localization)(Particle Filter)
Thrun
Konolidge
(Markov Localization using Correlation )
C. Topological Localization
Choset
Kuipers
D. Particle Filter Techniques (
Isard
Condenstation algorithm for vision)
Where? (
Deans
(Invariant Filter))
X.
Visibility Based (maybe we will skip)
A. Art Gallery (
O'Rourke
-
(no papers)
)
B. Voronoi Diagram (
Choset
)
C. Pursuer-Evader (
Lavalle
)
XI.
Coverage (Cell Decompositions)
A. Trapezoid (Chazzelle or basic thing)
Chazzelle
-
(no papers)
O'Rourke
- CG Ch2
B. Boustrophedon and Related Approaches
Acar
(include Bug 2.5 here )
Lumelsky and Hert
Huang
Butler
C. Approximate Cell Decomposition - Pixel based
Zelinsky and Yuta
Rimon
D. Cellular Decompomposition (
Collins
-
(no papers)
)
XII.
Visual Exploration
Arras
- (laser and visual homing)
XIII.
Nonholonomic motion planning
(restrict to R^n, leave out Lie groups, coordinate-free formalisms, appendix?)
tangent vector, tangent space, tangent bundle
vector fields, integral curves, Lie bracket
distributions, involutivity, integral manifold, Frobenius
dynamical polysystem, control affine systems, drift and drift-free
controllability definitions
Lie algebra of vector fields, LARC
STLC
nonholonomic constraints: (Pfaffian) rolling, conservation of momentum
positive formulation: vector fields; negative: constraints
underactuated robots (2nd order constraints)
- motion planning for cars, cars and trailers (Latombe, Laumond, Lumelsky IROS 2000, lots...)
- holonomic planning followed by transform for STLC systems
- optimization approaches, nonsingular loops (Wen, Sontag, Sussmann, Fernandes, others)
- geometric phase, iterative closed loops
- RRT
- differentially flat systems (Murray, Fliess, Martin, others)
- chained form systems (many)
- kinematically controllable systems (Bullo and Lynch)
- averaging/oscillatory approaches
(- mixed kinematic and dynamic)
- fictitious inputs, Lafferiere's method
some other references: Latombe book, Canny and Li book, Murray book, Mason book, Wen article, my ME 495 lectures
XIV.
Trajectory planning
path + time-scaling = trajectory
robot dynamics
fully actuated vs. underactuated (more on underactuated next chapter)
kinodynamic (Canny, Donald, Reif, Xavier...)
RRT (LaValle and Kuffner)
decoupled approach: path planning followed by time-scaling (Bobrow et al., Shin and McKay, Shiller, Hollerbach, ...)
optimization approaches (Tan and Potts, Vukobratovic, many using SQP like Bobrow)
XV.
Manipulation planning
(Lots possible here: need to define scope; below is very rough)
adding manipulation mechanics to planning
manipulation taxonomy (Mason and Lynch)
movable objects (Wilfong)
transit paths and transfer paths (Alami, Dacre-Wright, Koga, Kuffner, Ferbach ...)
assembly/disassembly planning, NDBG's, etc. (Wilson, many)
friction, wrenches, moment labels, form and force closure
grasp planning (including 2nd order mobility, Rimon and Burdick)
(possibly finger gaiting, Rus-Zefran-Goodwine etc., rolling, but don't digress into control)
push planning and controllability of manipulation (Lynch)
other push planning (Sudsang and Ponce, Agarwal)
grasp sequences (Brost, Goldberg), conveyor feeding
LMT
AND/OR graphs
XVI.
Miscellaneous
Sensors