lift=body weight. with with degrees. so .

Then cruise velocity set by . So .

• for seagulls, m=.37kg, A=.115m*m
• 747, so v=

Scaling: , and , so

737 has short wings to increase speed.

Power required to fly:

drag: induced drag + parasitic drag...friction.

mass of air deflected down, something like . Then

. There is a minimum power needed to fly.

Velocity for maximum range:

This means minimum power to fly is: . Maximum distance is . Assume , you get:

source psfile jl@crush.caltech.edu index