| secern | to discriminate in thought. | |
| alethiology | the branch of logic dealing with truth and error. | |
| agnoiology | (arch.) the philosophical study of human ignorance. | |
| haecceity | that which makes something uniquely what it is. | |
| quiddity | the essential nature of a thing; a distinction subtle to the point of insignificance. | |
| compossible | consistent. | |
| antinomy | a contradiction between two laws, or between two statements arrived at through logical reasoning. | |
| elenchus | a logical refutation, particularly by reducing to a contradiction; a false refutation. | |
| porism | "(Math.) a form of proposition among the Greeks which has been variously defined, esp. a proposition affirming the possibility of finding such conditions as will render a certain problem indeterminate, or capable of innumerable solutions." | |
| misology | a distrust or dislike of reasoning. | |
| organon | a system of principles for philosophical investigation; an instrument of thought. | |
| omphaloskepsis | navel-gazing. |