\magnification=\magstep1
\font\textfont=cmr10 scaled\magstep0
\font\subtitlefont=cmbx10 scaled\magstep0
\font\footnotefont=cmr10 at 8pt
\font\footnotebook=cmti10 at 8pt
\def\double{\baselineskip=24truept}
\def\single{\baselineskip=12truept}
\def\oneonehalf{\baselineskip=18truept}
\parindent=24truept
\parskip=0pt
\footline={\hfil}
\pretolerance=500
\tolerance=1000
\hsize=5in
\hoffset=.33in
\vsize=6.9in
\voffset=.2in	
\double
\lineskiplimit=2truept
\lineskip=3truept
\nopagenumbers

\def\titlepage#1#2#3#4#5{
 \nopagenumbers
 \topinsert\vskip 1.6truein\endinsert
 \textfont\centerline{\uppercase{#1}}\centerline{\uppercase{#2}}
 \vskip 1truein\textfont\centerline{}
 \centerline{\uppercase{#3}}\centerline{\uppercase{#4}}
 \vskip .9truein\textfont
 \centerline{ELEN 689}
 \centerline{Dr.~Wei Tsai}
 \vskip 1.1truein\centerline{#5}
 \vfill\eject}  

\def\title#1#2{
 \nopagenumbers
 \topinsert\vskip .6truein\endinsert
 \textfont
 \centerline{\uppercase {#1}}
 \centerline{\uppercase {#2}}}

\def\name#1{
 \vskip .8truein
 \textfont
 \centerline {A Thesis}
 \centerline {by}
 \centerline{\uppercase{#1}}} 

\def\approvalone#1#2#3#4#5#6{
 \vskip .5truein
 \textfont
 \line{Approved as to style and content by:\hfill}
 \vskip .7truein
 {\single
 \line{\vbox{\hrule height .7pt
 	\smallskip
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss {#1}\hss}
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss (Chairman of Committee)\hss}}}\hfil 
 \vskip .4truein
 \line{\vbox{\hrule height .7pt
	\smallskip
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss {#2}\hss}
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss (Member)\hss}}\hfil
 \vbox{\hrule height .7pt
	\smallskip
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss {#3}\hss}
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss (Member)\hss}}}
 \vskip .45truein
 \line{\vbox{\hrule height .7pt
	\smallskip
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss {#4}\hss}
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss (Member)\hss}}\hfil
 \vbox{\hrule height .7pt
	\smallskip
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss {#5}\hss}
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss (Head of Department)\hss}}}
 \vskip .9truein
 \centerline {#6}}
 \vfill\eject}

\def\approvaltwo#1#2#3#4#5#6#7{
 \vskip .5truein
 \textfont
 \line{Approved as to style and content by:\hfill}
 \vskip .7truein
 {\single
 \line{\vbox{\hrule height .7pt
 	\smallskip
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss {#1}\hss}
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss (Chairman of Committee)\hss}}\hfil 
 \vbox{\hrule height .7pt
	\smallskip
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss {#2}\hss}
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss (Member)\hss}}}
 \vskip .4truein
 \line{\vbox{\hrule height .7pt
	\smallskip
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss {#3}\hss}
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss (Member)\hss}}\hfil
 \vbox{\hrule height .7pt
	\smallskip
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss {#4}\hss}
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss (Member)\hss}}}
 \vskip .45truein
 \line{\vbox{\hrule height .7pt
	\smallskip
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss {#5}\hss}
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss (Member)\hss}}\hfil
 \vbox{\hrule height .7pt
	\smallskip
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss {#6}\hss}
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss (Head of Department)\hss}}}
 \vskip .9truein
 \centerline {#7}}
 \vfill\eject}

\def\approvalthree#1#2#3#4#5#6{
 \vskip .5truein
 \textfont
 \line{Approved as to style and content by:\hfill}
 \vskip .7truein
 {\single
 \line{\vbox{\hrule height .7pt
 	\smallskip
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss {#1}\hss}
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss (Co-Chairman of Committee)\hss}}}\hfil 
 \vskip .4truein
 \line{\vbox{\hrule height .7pt
	\smallskip
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss {#2}\hss}
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss (Co-Chairman of Committee)\hss}}\hfil
 \vbox{\hrule height .7pt
	\smallskip
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss {#3}\hss}
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss (Member)\hss}}}
 \vskip .45truein
 \line{\vbox{\hrule height .7pt
	\smallskip
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss {#4}\hss}
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss (Member)\hss}}\hfil
 \vbox{\hrule height .7pt
	\smallskip
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss {#5}\hss}
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss (Head of Department)\hss}}}
 \vskip .9truein
 \centerline {#6}}
 \vfill\eject}

\def\approvalfour#1#2#3#4#5#6#7{
 \vskip .5truein
 \textfont
 \line{Approved as to style and content by:\hfill}
 \vskip .7truein
 {\single
 \line{\vbox{\hrule height .7pt
 	\smallskip
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss {#1}\hss}
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss (Co-Chairman of Committee)\hss}}\hfil 
 \vbox{\hrule height .7pt
	\smallskip
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss {#2}\hss}
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss (Co-Chairman of Committee)\hss}}}
 \vskip .4truein
 \line{\vbox{\hrule height .7pt
	\smallskip
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss {#3}\hss}
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss (Member)\hss}}\hfil
 \vbox{\hrule height .7pt
	\smallskip
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss {#4}\hss}
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss (Member)\hss}}}
 \vskip .45truein
 \line{\vbox{\hrule height .7pt
	\smallskip
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss {#5}\hss}
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss (Member)\hss}}\hfil
 \vbox{\hrule height .7pt
	\smallskip
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss {#6}\hss}
	\hbox to 2.5truein{\hss (Head of Department)\hss}}}
 \vskip .9truein
 \centerline {#7}}
 \vfill\eject}

\def\dedicate#1{
 \headline={\hfil\folio}
 \vglue 1.3in
 \centerline{To {#1}}
 \vfill\eject}

\def\acknow#1{
 \headline={\hfil\folio}
 \vglue .3in
 \centerline{ACKNOWLEDGMENTS}
 \bigskip
 \indent{#1}
 \vfill\eject}

\def\absone#1#2#3#4#5#6#7{
 \headline={\hfil\folio}
 \pageno=-2
 \vglue .3in
 \centerline{ABSTRACT}
 \bigskip
 \centerline {#1}
 \centerline {#2. (#3)}
 \centerline {{#4}, B.S., {#5}}
 \bigskip\medskip
 \indent {#7}
 \vfill\eject}

\def\abstwo#1#2#3#4#5{
 \headline={\hfil\folio}
 \pageno=-3
 \vglue .3in
 \centerline{ABSTRACT}
 \bigskip
 \centerline {#1}
 \centerline {#2.\ \ (#3)}
 \centerline {{#4}, B.S., {#5}}}

\def\tocontchap{ 
\vfill\eject
\headline={\hfil\folio}
\topinsert \vskip .2truein\endinsert
\centerline{TABLE OF CONTENTS}
\vskip .25truein
\line {CHAPTER \hfil Page}
\vskip .2truein\single}

\def\tocchapcontinue{ 
\vfill\eject
\headline={\hfil\folio}
\topinsert \vskip .2truein\endinsert
\centerline{TABLE OF CONTENTS~~(Continued)}
\vskip .25truein
\line {CHAPTER \hfil Page}
\vskip .2truein\single}

\def\chapterno#1{\hbox to 0.45truein{\hfill #1}}
\def\sectionno#1{\hbox to 0.25truein{\hfill #1}}
\def\leaderfill{\leaders\hbox to 1em{\hss.\hss}\hfil}
\def\threeover{\hskip 1in}
\def\fourover{\hskip 1.4in}
\newcount\scount
\newcount\sscount

\def\tochapone#1#2{\advance \scount by 1
    \line{\chapterno{\uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral\scount}}
    ~~~~~~\uppercase{#1}\leaderfill $#2$\kern 6 pt}\bigskip
     \sscount=64}

\def\tochaptwo#1#2#3{\advance \scount by 1
    \line{\chapterno{\uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral\scount}}
    ~~~~~~\uppercase{#1}\hfil}
    \line{\chapterno{}~~~~~~
    \uppercase{#2}\leaderfill $#3$\kern 6 pt}\bigskip
    \sscount=64}

\def\tochapthree#1#2#3#4{\advance \scount by 1
    \line{\chapterno{\uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral\scount}}
    ~~~~~~\uppercase{#1}\hfil}
    \line{\chapterno{}~~~~~~~\uppercase{#2}\hfil}
    \line{\chapterno{}~~~~~~~\uppercase{#3}
    \leaderfill $#4$\kern 6 pt}\bigskip
    \sscount=64}

\def\tocrefvita#1#2{
    \line{\chapterno{}
    ~~~~~~\uppercase{#1}\leaderfill $#2$\kern 6 pt}\bigskip}

\def\tocsubsectone#1#2{\advance \sscount by 1
    \line{\threeover\sectionno{\char\sscount.}~~#1
    \leaderfill $#2$\kern 6 pt}
    \smallskip}

\def\tocsubsectwo#1#2#3{\advance \sscount by 1
    \line{\threeover\sectionno{\char\sscount.}~~#1\hfil}
    \line{\threeover\sectionno{}~~{#2}\leaderfill $#3$\kern 6 pt}
    \smallskip}

\def\tocsubsecthree#1#2#3#4{\advance \sscount by 1
    \line{\threeover\sectionno{\char\sscount.}~~#1\hfil}
    \line{\threeover\sectionno{}~~{#2}\hfil}
    \line{\threeover\sectionno{}~~{#3}\leaderfill $#4$\kern 6 pt}
    \smallskip}

\def\tocssectone#1#2{
    \line{\fourover~~#1 \leaderfill $#2$\kern 6 pt}\smallskip}

\def\tocssectwo#1#2#3{
    \line{\fourover~~#1\hfil}
    \line{\fourover~~#2 \leaderfill $#3$\kern 6 pt}\smallskip}

\def\tocssecthree#1#2#3#4{
    \line{\fourover~~#1\hfil}
    \line{\fourover~~#2\hfil}
    \line{\fourover~~#3 \leaderfill $#4$\kern 6 pt}\smallskip}

\def\tocontsect{ 
\vfill\eject
\headline={\hfil}
\topinsert \vskip .2truein\endinsert
\centerline{TABLE OF CONTENTS}
\vskip .25truein
\line {\hfil Page}
\vskip .2truein\single}
\newcount\scount

\def\tocsectcontinue{ 
\vfill\eject
\headline={\hfil\folio}
\topinsert \vskip .2truein\endinsert
\centerline{TABLE OF CONTENTS~~(Continued)}
\vskip .25truein
\line {\hfil Page}
\vskip .2truein\single}

\def\tocsectionone#1#2{\advance \scount by 1
    \line{\chapterno{\uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral\scount.}}
    ~~~~~~\uppercase{#1}\leaderfill $#2$\kern 6 pt}\bigskip
    \sscount=64}

\def\tocsectiontwo#1#2#3{\advance \scount by 1
    \line{\chapterno{\uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral\scount.}}
    ~~~~~~\uppercase{#1}\hfil}
    \line{\chapterno{}~~~~~~~\uppercase{#2}
    \leaderfill $#3$\kern 6 pt}\bigskip
    \sscount=64}

\def\tocsectionthree#1#2#3#4{\advance \scount by 1
    \line{\chapterno{\uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral\scount.}}
    ~~~~~~\uppercase{#1}\hfil}
    \line{\chapterno{}~~~~~~~\uppercase{#2}\hfil}
    \line{\chapterno{}~~~~~~~\uppercase{#3}
    \leaderfill $#4$\kern 6 pt}\bigskip
    \sscount=64}

\def\tabhead{
 \vfill\eject
 \double
 \headline={\hfil\folio}
 \topinsert \vskip .2truein\endinsert
 \centerline{LIST OF TABLES}
 \bigskip
 \line{~~Table \hfil Page}\medskip\single}

\def\tabheadcontinue{
 \vfill\eject
 \double
 \headline={\hfil\folio}
 \topinsert \vskip .2truein\endinsert
 \centerline{LIST OF TABLES~~(Continued)}
 \bigskip
 \line{~~Table \hfil Page}\medskip\single}

\newcount\tabcount
\def\tabno#1{\hbox to .5truein{\hfil #1}}

\def\tableone#1#2{\advance \tabcount by 1
    \line{\tabno{\uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral\tabcount.}}
    ~~~{#1}\leaderfill $#2$\kern 6 pt}\medskip}

\def\tabletwo#1#2#3{\advance \tabcount by 1
    \line{\tabno{\uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral\tabcount.}}
    ~~~{#1}\hfil}
    \line{\tabno{}~~~~{#2}\leaderfill{#3}\kern 6 pt}\medskip}

\def\fighead{
 \vfill\eject
 \double
 \headline={\hfil\folio}
 \topinsert \vskip .2truein\endinsert
 \centerline{LIST OF FIGURES}
 \bigskip
 \line{Figure \hfil Page}\medskip\single}

\def\figheadcontinue{
 \vfill\eject
 \double
 \headline={\hfil\folio}
 \topinsert \vskip .2truein\endinsert
 \centerline{LIST OF FIGURES~~(Continued)}
 \bigskip
 \line{Figure \hfil Page}\medskip\single}

\newcount\figcount
\def\figno{\hbox to .22truein{\hfil {$\the\figcount$}}}

\def\figureone#1#2{\advance \figcount by 1
 \line{\ \ {\figno}.~~~{#1}\leaderfill{#2}\kern6pt}\medskip}

\def\figuretwo#1#2#3{\advance \figcount by 1
 \line{\ \ {\figno}.~~~{#1}\hfill}
 \line{\ \ {}~~~~~~~~{#2}\leaderfill{#3}\kern6pt}\medskip}

\def\refhead{
 \vfill\eject
 \headline={\hfil\folio}
 \noindent
 \topinsert\vskip .2truein\endinsert
 \centerline {REFERENCES}
 \bigskip
 \parindent=2truepc
 \single}

\def\enspace{\kern 1truepc}
\newcount\refcount

\def\refheadcontinue{
 \vfill\eject
 \headline={\hfil\folio}
 \noindent
 \topinsert\vskip .2truein\endinsert
 \centerline {REFERENCES~~(Continued)}
 \bigskip
 \parindent=2truepc}

\def\ref{\medskip \advance \refcount by 1 \item{[$\the\refcount$]}}
\newcount\suppcount
\def\supp{\medskip \advance \suppcount by 1 \item{[$\the\suppcount$]}}

\def\supplement{
 \goodbreak
 \vskip 1in
 \goodbreak
 \centerline{SUPPLEMENTAL SOURCES CONSULTED}
 \nobreak
 \bigskip
 \nobreak}

\def\report#1#2#3#4#5{
 {#1},\ ``{#2},''\ {\it Research Report},\ {#3},\ {#4},\ {#5}.}
\def\journal#1#2#3#4#5#6{
 {#1},\ ``{#2},''\ {\it {#3}},\ vol.~\hbox{#4},\ pp.~\hbox{#5},\ {#6}.}
\def\journalx#1#2#3#4#5#6{
 {#1},\ ``{#2},''\ {\it {#3}},\ pp.~\hbox{#5},\ {#6}.}
\def\book#1#2#3#4#5{
 {#1},\ {\it {#2}}.\ {#3}: {#4},\ {#5}.}                      
\def\edbook#1#2#3#4#5#6#7#8#9{
 {#1},\ ``{#2},''\ in\ {\it {#3}}.\ {#4},~ED.\ {#5}: {#6},\ {#7},
 \ chap.~{#8},\ pp.~{#9}.}
\def\edbookx#1#2#3#4#5#6#7#8#9{
 {#1},\ ``{#2},''\ in\ {\it {#3}}.\ {#4},~ED.\ {#5}: {#6},\ {#7},
 \ pp.~{#9}.}
\def\person#1#2{
 {#1},\ private communications,\ {#2}.}
\def\proceed#1#2#3#4#5{
 {#1},\ ``{#2},''\ in\ {\it {#3}},\ {#4},\ {#5}.}
\def\confer#1#2#3#4#5{
 {#1},\ ``{#2},''\ presented\ at\ the\ {#3},\ {#4},\ {#5}.}
\def\other#1{#1}

\def\vitaone#1#2{
 \vfill\eject
 \double
 \headline={\hfil\folio}
 \centerline {VITA}
 \bigskip
 \indent {#1}
 \vfil
 \noindent The typist for this thesis was {#2}.
 \par\break}

\def\vitatwo#1{
 \vfill\eject
 \double
 \headline={\hfil\folio}
 \centerline {VITA}
 \bigskip
 \indent {#1}
 \vfill\eject}

\def\body{\double
 \headline={\hfil\folio}
 \vfil\eject
 \pageno=1
 \footnote\space{Journal model is {\sl IEEE} {\it Transactions
 on Automatic Control.}}}

\newcount\chaptercount
\newcount\sectioncount
\newcount\sectcount
\chaptercount=0

\def\chapterone#1{\vfill\eject
    \advance \chaptercount by 1 
    \centerline{
       CHAPTER~~\uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral\chaptercount}}
    \medskip
    \centerline{\uppercase{#1}}
    \nobreak\medskip
    \sectioncount=64}

\def\chaptertwo#1#2{\vfill\eject
    \advance \chaptercount by 1 
    \centerline{
       CHAPTER~~\uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral\chaptercount}}
    \medskip
    \centerline{\uppercase{#1}}
    \centerline{\uppercase{#2}}
    \nobreak\medskipskip
    \sectioncount=64}

    % --- Note: sectioncount is  initialized  to  the  ---
    % ---       ACSII equivalent of the character 'A'. ---

\sectcount=0
\def\sectiontwo#1#2{\vfill\eject
    \advance \sectcount by 1 
    \centerline{
       {\uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral\sectcount}.}~~{\uppercase{#1}}}
    \nobreak
    \centerline{\uppercase{#2}}
    \nobreak\bigskip
    \sectioncount=64}

\def\sectionone#1{\vfill\eject
    \advance \sectcount by 1 
    \centerline{
       {\uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral\sectcount}.}~~{\uppercase{#1}}}
    \nobreak\bigskip
    \sectioncount=64}

\def\myno#1{\hbox to 0.3truein{#1\hfill}}
\def\subsectwo#1#2{\advance \sectioncount by 1 \bigbreak\medskip\single
    \leftline{\myno{\char\sectioncount.}~~#1}
    \nobreak
    \leftline{\myno{}~~#2}
    \nobreak\medskip\double}

\def\subsectone#1{\advance \sectioncount by 1 \bigbreak\medskip
    \leftline{\myno{\char\sectioncount.}~~#1}
    \nobreak\medskip}

\def\ssectwo#1#2{\goodbreak\medskip\goodbreak\single
    \centerline{#1}
    \nobreak
    \centerline{#2}
    \nobreak\medskip\nobreak\double}

\def\ssectone#1{\goodbreak\medskip\goodbreak
    \centerline{#1}
    \nobreak\medskip\nobreak}

\def\appendix#1#2#3{\vfill\eject
    \centerline{\uppercase{#1}}
    \bigskip
    \centerline{\uppercase{#2}}
    \centerline{\uppercase{#3}}
    \nobreak\bigskip}

\newcount\equcount
\def\equation#1{\advance \equcount by 1 $$#1\eqno({\the\equcount})$$}
\def\eqnonum#1{$$#1$$}
\def\eqmynum#1#2{$$#1\eqno({#2})$$}


\newcount\figurecount
\def\figpage#1#2{\single\pageinsert\topinsert\vskip1pc\endinsert
\advance \figurecount by 1
\centerline{{Fig.~$\the\figurecount$.}~~#1}
\centerline{#2}\endinsert\double}

\newcount\figurecount
\def\fig#1#2{\single
\advance \figurecount by 1
\centerline{{Fig.~$\the\figurecount$}~~#1}
\centerline{#2}}

\newcount\tablecount
\def\tab#1#2#3{\single
\advance \tablecount by 1
\centerline{TABLE~ \uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral\tablecount.}}
\centerline{#1}
\centerline{#2}
\centerline{#3}
}

\newcount\tablecount
\def\tablepage#1#2#3{\single\pageinsert\topinsert\vskip1pc\endinsert
\advance \tablecount by 1
\centerline{TABLE~ \uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral\tablecount.}}
\centerline{#1}
\centerline{#2}
\centerline{#3}
\endinsert}