18         ~YAORI CONVERS~TION

used with the name of the thin~ possessed, e~ Ki~-l w~hai
k~takoc~ Have youashell? i:e., Haveyou hecomeshell-
possessin~ 7
In Maori sentences Illay be formed withollt verbs, as the
Ian~uage do~s not poss~ss a vel.h corr~l)ondin r to the
En~lish to b~. In affirl~lative sent~nces the l~r~ ate ~t~n~s
first and the sul)ject aft~r it, and t- o nouns c)r ;In al~j~('tiV~:
and a noun thus pla~ nay form a s~ntence, e.g..ÑKo ia
tenei, this is he; ko T7~,baru tona ingoa his nan~e is ~ ul-aru.
ko should not he us~d wwhen the [)r~dicate is a comlllon
noun or an adjective use~l with he or a noun, I)ronoun,
adjective or ~erb s~lcc~dinb a prepo~ition, e ,~    k~ra
pai tera, that is a c ood school~ )en the ~entt n( e is
negative ko is rel)lac~d b~ e~a~a. . . . i; e.,,..Ñf;.o t~ r~
tera, that is the school; e~ara tera i te k~ra, that is not tlle
school .
In interroDatiwe sentences the l)osition of the words is not
necessarily diff~rent fr()ln that of affir~natiw~ s~n~llces,
infl~c(ion of the voice s~ ing the ne~ssary cllan~ ~ of
meaning. The time of the s~lt~nces without verl~s Inust
be ~athered fiom the context.


THE ADV~:RB.

All adver~s but ~ta, far~ntl~; matua. first; and tino, ~cry;
come after words tl~y nlodif~, e.B.:Ñ~e ta~a~ti tino ,~a/., a
r~ ~ood child. ~ia ata hae~e ~o gen~ly.
~V7~ modif).ing an adj~tive is trallsl;lt~d by ~ , the
a( jcclivc~ hei~ turned as a noun e.g...Ñ,"e~ea te h~ (J te
~t~o~a 7 How de~p is the sea ? Ill a11 other cases ,~t~lca is
a v~r~), e.~ e pe~rea tc~Jei? How is tllis to l)e (1al;ell) ?
I.Y~en is translat~d int~rrogatively ~y tio ~:a/l~a or i ~a~a
for ~last and a ~ea for future; as a tem~)olal advcrb by tio
and i for past, an(l a and hei for future.
W~y, .nterrogative, is he a~ia or ~a tc a~a.
.~dverbs of manner usl~ally take the terl1lination -tia
wh:n n~odif~ g l)as~ive verbs.
Ycs is ae, r~o, ka/~ . For not, ka/iore, ~hara, ka~aka,
k ,~e and ki~ai are used.

           THE CONJUNCT10~
                                1 9

THE CONJ UNCTION.

And may be rendered by a, mc (a preposition = ~ith)
~oki; and tt~a (used tp~fore numerals).
  But is otira, or aftf~r a n~ative, engari or eran~i;


In concludin~ we shall only mention the chief ~articles
~vl1ich occul~y a prominent place with the prepositions in
the ~faori langua6e. Th~y are:Ñ

Ake; which implies a dircction llpward, ex.:ÑIKi runga
ake, hi~her up; I)il;i ake, ~limb up (to us).

Iho; which il~l)lies a direction downwards, e.g..ÑHeke iho
come do\vn (to us), or deno~es a short bapse of time, e.g..Ñ
~Iuri iho, shortly afterwar~s.

Ano; which is generally used in rel)lies and assertions
varyill~ in its meaning ~vi~h the ¥ ord to uhich it is
prefixed e.g.:ÑNakl1 ano tenei, this is my own; ho mai
ano, giv~ me an~ther; ano e til ana as if he ~vere
standin;; ~n~i ano ah.lu, here I truly am; heoi ano
that is a11; e pai ana ano, It is good indeed.

Atu; indicatcs a dil.ection away from the speaker, e.g...Ñ
ere ~tu koe, g o ~-ay from me; ka korcro atu ahau ki a.
koe, I sl)eak to you; kar~nga atu, call out.

Mai; indirates a dircction or aplproach towards the sl~eaker
e.g..~ cre m3i ki konei, come here; korero n~ai, sp~ak
to me; haria n1~i, l)ring llence.

Ai; is used as a sul)~titllte for the relative pronouns, who
wl)ich, ww11at. It marks the time, r)lace, nleans, cause,
etc., of an action or ewent, e.~ o ia ano te tanlaiti i
kite ai au, he is the very child uhom I saw; te waiata
i wai~ta ai i;u, the song w~hich he sang; he aha tau e
haer~ n-ai ai ? ~\'hat ~lo you c(pme for ? Haere mai ki
konei, nollo ai, come here to stay.

E~oki, ~whicl1 is gencrally used for aIso, bec~use, and for,
e.~ Iahi hoki koe, you work ~Iso; he mea hoki ka
pouri koe, in consideration of your grief.