\manpage {file\_istream} {} {File Input Streams} 
 
\definition
An instance $I$ of the data type $file\_istream$ is an \CC istream
connected to a file $F$, i.e., all input operations or operators
applied to $I$ read from $F$. 
 
\creation I 
 
\create {(string\ s)}
   { creates an instance $I$ of type file\_istream connected to
               file $s$.  }
 
 
\operations 2 5.5 
 

All operations and operators ($>>$) defined for \CC istreams can
be applied to file input streams as well.

 
\manpage {file\_ostream} {} {File Output Streams} 
 
\definition
An instance $O$ of the data type $file\_ostream$ is an \CC ostream
connected to a file $F$, i.e., all output operations or operators
applied to $O$ write to $F$. 
 
\creation O 
 
\create {(char*\  s)}
   { creates an instance $O$ of type file\_ostream connected to
               file $s$. } 
 
 
\operations 2 5.5 
 

All operations and operators ($<<$) defined for \CC ostreams can
be applied to file output streams as well.

 
\manpage {string\_istream} {} {String Input Streams} 
 
\definition
An instance $I$ of the data type $string\_istream$ is an \CC istream
connected to a string $s$, i.e., all input operations or operators
applied to $I$ read from $s$. 
 
\creation I 
 
\create {(string\ s)}
   { creates an instance $I$ of type string\_istream connected to
              the string $s$.  }
 
 
\operations 2 5.5 
 

All operations and operators ($>>$) defined for \CC istreams can
be applied to string input streams as well.

 
\manpage {string\_ostream} {} {String Output Streams} 
 
\definition
    An instance $O$ of the data type $string\_ostream$ is an \CC ostream
    connected to an internal string buffer, i.e., all output operations 
    or operators applied to $O$ write into this internal buffer.  The current
    value of the buffer is called the contents of $O$.
 
\creation O 
 
\create { }
   { creates an instance $O$ of type string\_ostream. }
 
 
\operations 2 5.5 
 
\op  string str {()}
           {  returns the current contents of $O$. }
 
 

All operations and operators ($<<$) defined for \CC ostreams can
be applied to string output streams as well.

 
\manpage {cmd\_istream} {} {Command Input Streams} 
 
\definition
An instance $I$ of the data type $cmd\_istream$ is an \CC istream
connected to the output of a shell command $cmd$, i.e., all input operations
or operators applied to $I$ read from the standard output of command $cmd$. 
 
\creation I 
 
\create {(string\ cmd)}
   { creates an instance $I$ of type cmd\_istream connected to the
              output of command $cmd$.  }
 
 
\operations 2 5.5 
 

All operations and operators ($>>$) defined for \CC istreams can
be applied to command input streams as well.

 
\manpage {cmd\_ostream} {} {Command Output Streams} 
 
\definition
An instance $O$ of the data type $cmd\_ostream$ is an \CC ostream
connected to the input of a shell command $cmd$, i.e., all output operations
or operators applied to $O$ write into the standard input of command $cmd$. 
 
\creation O 
 
\create {(string\ cmd)}
   {
creates an instance $O$ of type cmd\_ostream connected to the input of 
command $cmd$.   }
 
 
\operations 2 5.5 
 

All operations and operators ($<<$) defined for \CC ostreams can
be applied to command output streams as well.

 
