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\noindent
{\bf Homework 1\\
11-721: Grammars and Lexicons\\
Fall term, 2003\\[12pt]
Due Monday, September 8}

\section{Diagnostic Tests for Parts of Speech}

\subsection{Educational Goals of the Exercise (What you are supposed
to learn)} 

\begin{itemize}
\item In this exercise you will continue our in-class discussion on
using tests to distinguish parts of speech.   The exercise focuses on
distinguishing adjectives from prepositions.   

\item The goal of the exercise is for you to learn to apply tests and
interpret the results.   

\item A secondary goal of the exericise is for you to think about
linguistic methodology.  Is it always possible to formulate reliable
tests?  Are parts of speech really well-defined?  Or are they
"squishy" categories?
\end{itemize}

\subsection{Formulation of the Tests}

\begin{enumerate}
\item {\bf Comparative Test:}  Adjectives can be made into
comparatives.  Monosyllabic adjectives typically take {\it -er\/} and
{\it -est\/}.  Multi-syllabic adjectives take {\it more\/} and {\it
most\/}.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
Be sure not to change the syntax when you change the morphology.
This is a morphological test, but if you change the syntax, you might
change the part of speech.

These won't be accepted:
nearer to the fence.
He is worthier.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


Non-controverisal examples: Adjectives in comparative forms: 
\examples{
\item He is taller.
\item You have to be 48 inches tall to ride this roller
coaster. Shorter kids can't ride. 
\item He is more interesting.
\item We should avoid more problematic theories.}

Other parts of speech (nouns, verbs, prepositions) don't form
comparatives. 

\item {\bf {\it Very} Test:}  Adjectives (and adverbs) can be modified 
by {\it very\/}.  Other parts of speech cannot be modified by {\it
very\/}.  

\examples{ 
\item He is very tall.
\item The book is very interesting.
\item I read the very interesting book.}

\item {\bf {\it Right\/} Test:}  Prepositions can be modified by the
intensifier {\it right\/}.

\examples{
\item The book is right on the table.
\item Look right behind the couch.
\item The school is right across the street.}
\end{enumerate}

\noindent
Now consider the following two sentences:

\examples{
\item This is worth a dollar.
\item Sam is near the fence.}

\begin{itemize}
\item {\bf Task 1:} Apply the comparative test to {\it worth\/} and
{\it near\/}.   
\item {\bf Task 2:} Apply the {\it very\/} test to {\it worth\/} and
{\it near\/}.   
\item {\bf Task 3:} Apply the {\it right\/} test to {\it worth\/} and
{\it near\/}. 

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
Task 4.1:  What conclusion can you draw from the data:  2pts based on
whether your logic is right, given your grammatiality judgements.

Task 4.2:  If your results were contradictory:
pass one test for adj and fail one
fail all tests for a and p
pass all tests for a and p
Propose a solution (2pts)

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


\item {\bf Task 4:} Can you conclude whether {\it worth\/} is an
adjective or preposition?  Why or why not?  (Results may vary
according to your grammaticality judgements and creativity in applying 
and altering tests.)
\item {\bf Task 5:} Can you conclude whether {\it near\/} is an
adjective or preposition?  Why or why not?  (Results may vary
according to your grammaticality judgements and creativity in applying 
and altering tests.)
\end{itemize}

\end{document}

