\begindata{text,538707692} \textdsversion{12} \template{default} \formatnote{.ds CT .ds CB - III-\\\\n(PN -} \smaller{\smaller{\smaller{\bigger{\bigger{\bigger{\bigger{\majorheading{Andrew\ and MIME: How Messages 8.5 Accommodates the New Mail Format Standard }\center{ Nathaniel Borenstein, Bellcore ATK Conference, June 26, 1992} \heading{ Outline} I. MIME: History and Overview II. Andrew and MIME III. Status Report IV. Implications for Andrew, Email, and Other Multimedia Applications \begindata{bp,538731848} \enddata{bp,538731848} \view{bpv,538731848,40,0,0} \majorheading{I. MIME: History and Overview } Designed by Internet Engineering Task Force Working Group on Email Extensions Politics: remarkable alliance between X.400-lovers and X.400-haters Working Group formed, Fall 1990. First MIME draft, Spring 1991. Proposed Internet Standard, Spring 1992. \heading{Primary design goals: } Text mail in any human language. Non-text mail in any conceivable media type. Complete compatibility with RFC 821 and RFC 822. Total robustness over all known real-world email transport systems. Openness to multiple well-known formats. Easy Extension to new types and formats. Formal mechanism for type registration to promote interoperation. Easy interoperation with X.400. \begindata{bp,538731912} \enddata{bp,538731912} \view{bpv,538731912,41,0,0} \majorheading{MIME: Technical Overview } MIME allows extended bodies, with type information in header fields. Content-type header field provides type/subtype, optional parameters \leftindent{Seven types are defined, many subtypes are expected. } Content-Description gives a textual description of the body data Content-ID gives unique identifier for body parts. Content-xxx are the only header fields that matter in body parts. \majorheading{Content-Transfer-Encoding} Binary and long-line data does not survive email transport Need to specify encoding algorithm for email transport Two transfer-encoding algorithms defined \heading{Base64} The densest simple (non-compressed) encoding possible for email. 33% data expansion Uses only A-Z a-z 0-9 + / = \heading{Quoted-printable } Maximizes readability of included ASCII All ASCII characters unchanged except = Other characters represented as =0A, etc. Up to 200% expansion. \heading{Encoding Design Rationale } uuencode -- insufficiently robust Base64 based on PEM algorithm \majorheading{Simple Examples } From: Nathaniel Borenstein To: Ned Freed To: Ned Freed To: Ned Freed Subject: Hebrew richtext Content-type: text/richtext; charset=iso-8859-8 Content-transfer-encoding: quoted-printable This is enriched =FA=E9=F8=E1=F2 mail. \begindata{raster,538737160} 2 0 68266 68266 0 0 700 158 bits 538737160 700 158 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image. } Subtypes GIF, JPEG. Others expected. \heading{3. audio. } Subtype "basic" for single-channel 8Khz u-law. Others expected. \heading{4. video. } Subtype "mpeg". Others plausible. \heading{5. multipart. } Allows multiple body parts of different types, each structured like a mini-message. Subtypes: mixed, alternative, parallel, digest. \leftindent{Mixed: simple (serial) combinations. Alternative: multiple representation of the same data. Parallel: for parallel presentation \italic{if possible}. Digest: has special defaults for message digests. } All multipart subtypes share a syntax, allowing future experimentation in structured types, etc. From: Nathaniel Borenstein To: Ned Freed Subject: A multipart example Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=CUT_HERE \begindata{bp,539779080} \enddata{bp,539779080} \view{bpv,539779080,54,0,0} --CUT_HERE Content-type: text/plain Hey, Ned, look at this neat picture: --CUT_HERE Content-type: image/gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 5WVlZ6enqqqqr.... --CUT_HERE Content-type: text/plain Wasn't that neat? --CUT_HERE-- From: Nathaniel Borenstein To: Ned Freed Subject: An alternative example Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary=CUT_HERE --CUT_HERE Content-type: text/plain Hey, Ned, Isn't MIME great? --CUT_HERE Content-type: text/richtext Hey, Ned, isn't MIME great? --CUT_HERE Content-type: application/ODA Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 5WVlZ6enqqqqr.... --CUT_HERE-- \begindata{bp,538732104} \enddata{bp,538732104} \view{bpv,538732104,45,0,0} \heading{6. message. } Subtypes: rfc822, partial, external-body \leftindent{"message/rfc822" allows encapsulated message. "message/partial" allows automatic fragmentation and reassembly. "message/external-body" allows data to be passed by reference (hyperlinks). } \heading{7. application. } Catch-all. Subtypes: PostScript, ODA. Most creative extensions expected here. Possible examples: \leftindent{ EDI Acknowledgement-request Interactive-survey } Already registered: \leftindent{ ATOMICMAIL Andrew-inset}\leftindent{ }\ \begindata{bp,539779336} \enddata{bp,539779336} \view{bpv,539779336,55,0,0} \majorheading{A Complex MIME Message } From: Nathaniel Borenstein To: Ned Freed Subject: A complex example Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=FOOBAR This is the preamble area, which is ignored. --FOOBAR Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII PLAIN TEXT GOES HERE. --FOOBAR Content-Type: audio/basic Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 BASE64-ENCODED AUDIO DATA --FOOBAR Content-Type: image/gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: Base64 BASE64-ENCODED IMAGE DATA GOES HERE --FOOBAR Content-type: text/richtext This is richtext. Isn't it cool? --FOOBAR-- This is the "epilogue" area, also ignored. \begindata{bp,539779464} \enddata{bp,539779464} \view{bpv,539779464,56,0,0} \majorheading{II. Andrew and MIME } Andrew's new MIME Support is completely integrated. Looks mostly like Andrew always did. Principle MIME types translated directly into ATK: text/richtext image/x-xwd audio/basic application/andrew-inset multipart/mixed multipart/alternative message/rfc822 Unrecognized MIME types are displayed with the new "mailobj" inset: \description{\leftindent{Subclass of sbutton When clicked on, calls metamail on the unrecognized part. So far, still used for some important types: \leftindent{text/plain and text/richtext in alternate charsets image/gif, image/jpeg message/external-body message/partial Various others}} } \center{\bigger{User-visible Differences from the Old Andrew }}\leftindent{\description{ "Alternative" buttons Choice of Sending Formats \leftindent{"Which Format?" dialog box "*.mailsendingformat" preference } New "mailobj" has crufty interface for \italic{sending} non-Andrew types (e.g. GIF) Occasional Loss of Small Bits of Information Arguably, always safe to send formatted mail.}}} \begindata{bp,538732168} \enddata{bp,538732168} \view{bpv,538732168,46,0,0} \majorheading{Technical Changes } New mailobj Inset New dataobj methods: \leftindent{dataobj_WriteOtherFormat dataobj_ReadOtherFormat} Moderately general method for reading & writing "alternative" data stream So far: dataobject_OTHERFORMAT_MAIL Andrew mail without styles is written as text/plain. Andrew mail without insets is written as text/richtext. Andrew mail with insets is written as multipart/alternative. \leftindent{\description{Alternative #1 is text/plain. Alternative #2 is multipart/mixed. Within it, text parts are text/plain or text/richtext, and other insets use WriteOtherFormat.}} Each inset writes itself as one part of a MIME multipart. Default method writes: \example{--boundary Content-type: application/andrew-inset \\begindata\{etc, etc.\} } MIME-smart insets can write themselves out in more native MIME mode, or as multipart/alternative with two or three representations (e.g. text, postscript, and zip). Current MIME-smart insets: text, raster, alink Reading MIME format is cruftier: \leftindent{There are dynamic binding issues that make it hard to do "right". Currently, calls to raster_ReadOtherFormat and alink_ReadOtherFormat are "hard-wired" into text822.c. } \majorheading{Areas for Improvement: } Support for more MIME image types (reading many, writing at least one standard type!) Real support for non-ASCII character sets (not just ISO-8859-1). Integrated support for message/external-body, message/partial Support for non-ASCII data in email header fields. Good mechanism for dynamic binding from MIME content-type name to Andrew inset name. \bigger{ \majorheading{III. Status Report } Andrew version on CD-ROM Release At least 25 other MIME implementations under way. At least 4 public domain MIME implementations available now. One of these, metamail, includes patches for over a dozen popular UNIX & DOS mail readers. After two months, in use at hundreds of sites. MIME -> Proposed Internet Standard (RFC 1341) Other relevant RFC's: 1342, 1343, 1344. \majorheading{Access to MIME } \heading{Andrew:} CD-ROM Release \heading{Metamail:} Via mailserver or anon ftp. Mail to mailserver@thumper.bellcore.com. \leftindent{Subject: autosend: mime-txt Subject: autosend: metamail-info } Anonymous ftp: thumper.bellcore.com, pub/nsb. \heading{Interesting Observation } MIME & Metamail are generating increased interest in AMS as a good "native MIME" interface (!) }}}} }}}\enddata{text,538707692}