\begindata{text,538476856} \textdsversion{12} \template{help} \define{global } \chapter{Tm: A Command Window } \section{What Tm is }\leftindent{ Tm is a window in which you type and enter Andrew System and UNIX operating system commands. Tm is similar to the Typescript program, but provides additional features to allow the use of full screen programs like \italic{\helptopic{vi}} that would otherwise have to be run inside an xterm window. There is also support for special terminal modes, such as raw and cbreak modes. These features make Tm suitable for many applications which would otherwise be usable only in an xterm under X11. In most cases, the commands that you enter in Tm get passed along to the shell, a program that interprets commands for the UNIX operating system. You do not have to know more about the shell in order to use Tm. However, if you would \italic{like} to know more about the shell, you can look at the \italic{\helptopic{csh}} (C-shell) help document. Tm can be used as a front end to other programs as well, not just the shell. See the Quick Reference section for details.\bold{ }\ } \section{Starting Tm }\leftindent{ You can start Tm the same way you start Typescript. To start Tm automatically when you log in, you can put "tm" in your wm.startup preference if you run wm. If you run X11 then consult your local documentation on how to start programs automatically when you log in. You can also start Tm (or start an additional Tm) by typing \ \leftindent{tm} at the command prompt and pressing Enter. When Tm is ready to accept commands, it displays a prompt (normally a percent sign %) which is followed by a blank line. }\ \section{Using Tm } \leftindent{To enter a command into Tm, type the command, and press Enter. }\leftindent{ For example, to edit a file called "notes", you type \leftindent{ez notes} at the Tm prompt and press the Enter key. The Tm window behaves like an EZ window with one exception: only the text that appears after the last prompt can be cut or changed. The other lines are, of course, commands that you have already issued which cannot be changed (they can, however, be copied). You can scroll the Tm window backward to see the results of previous commands, but if your session with Tm gets too long, the earliest commands that you entered are silently discarded and you cannot scroll back to them. \bold{Full screen programs.} Programs that use the full screen on a normal terminal with cursor control sequences, such as emacs and vi (and other program that you would normally run under h19 while in the window manager), will work in Tm, using the Tm window as the screen. Tm attempts to tell such programs the number of characters that are visible in the window, but some programs don't understand this. If the program displays more characters than fit in the window, they are still there, just not displayed. To make them visible, just increase the size of the window. \ \bold{Raw/cbreak mode programs.} Tm supports programs which use raw or cbreak mode. Certain programs put the terminal into this mode so that they can get each keystroke as soon as you press it, instead of letting you type in and edit an entire line (these are often the same programs that use the full screen for display). However, in this mode, you won't have any of the editing commands you normally have until the program exits or changes back in to the normal mode. The text you type in won't appear bold in these programs, either. } \section{Advice }\leftindent{ \bold{Repeating Tm commands.} You can use "Esc =" to repeat commands you have issued in the Tm window. Remember that you should press the Esc key, release it, and press the = key when you want to use "Esc =". If you press "Esc =" more than once, the commands you have issued are placed one at a time at the current Tm prompt. If you press "Esc =" too many times and skip over the command you wanted, you can go forward again through the commands by pressing "Esc \bold{-}" (the Esc key followed by the dash key). The key sequences "Esc [" and "Esc ]" are similar to "Esc =" and "Esc -", except that they look at what you've already typed on the command line and find the previous/next command that begins with the same string. \bold{Using}\bold{ IBM PC }\bold{RT arrow keys.} You can use the arrow keys on the RT keyboard to move the text caret in the Tm window. The "Page Up," "Page Down," "Home", and "End" keys also work, but they scroll the Tm rather than moving the text caret. "Home" moves the text caret to the beginning of the current line; "End" moves the text caret to the end of the line or to the the position before the window was scrolled. \bold{Using o}\bold{ther keybindings.} There are other keyboard command available for use with Tm that may enable you to do certain activities more quickly. See the \italic{\helptopic{tm-keys}} help document for a list of them. \ } \section{Pop-up menu meanings } \leftindent{Tm contains at least two pop up menus, Front and Search. The Front and Search menus are system menus that always appear when you press both mouse buttons. Additional menus may also appear when you press the mouse buttons if you or system maintainers at your site have installed them. (See the section below, "Setting up your own shell menu" for details.) \ Depending on whether text is selected and whether the selected text is before or after the prompt, the Front menu may display the \bold{Cut} and/or \bold{Copy} menu options in place of \bold{Paste. Paste }appears when no text is selected. \italic{Front menu: }\ \leftindent{ \bold{Paste}: copies whatever you have most recently cut or copied from any scrollable window to the current cursor position. You can paste any piece of text from any document into the Tm window; just make sure that it's the last thing you cut. \ \bold{Move}: moves any previous command you have selected from within the Tm window to the last Tm prompt. This operation is useful if you gave a long command early in your session that you want to enter again. You can select it with the mouse cursor and choose Move to copy it into your current command line so that you can change it without having to re-type the entire command. Then press the Enter key to enter the command. \ \bold{Execute}: moves any previous command that you have selected from within the Tm window to the last Tm prompt and enters it immediately. This operation saves you some time if you are repeating a previous action exactly because you do not have to press the Enter key. Whereas Move copies a previous command to the current prompt but does not enter it, Execute copies a previous command to the current prompt and enters it automatically. \bold{Quit}: exits the Tm program and closes the window. } \italic{Termulator menu:} \leftindent{\bold{Clear:} discards the record of your previous Tm activities. After clearing the Tm window, you can no longer scroll back and see your previous commands. \bold{Start New Process:} Kills current process and restarts a new process in the same Tm window. If a process already exists, you will be prompted in the message area to confirm the killing and restarting of the process before it will occur. } \italic{Search menu:} \leftindent{ \bold{Forward}: searches in the Tm window from the current cursor position forward. After you choose this option, Tm puts the "Find:" prompt in the message region at the bottom of the window. Type the string that you want to search for and press the Enter key. If any of these characters are in the search string [ ] * . \\ \ precede each of them with a backslash (the last character in the set above) \bold{Backward}: searches in the Tm window from the current cursor position backward.}}\leftindent{ } \section{Setting up your own shell menu } \leftindent{\ You can specify a shell menu for Tm in three different ways (by using the Tm.shmenu preference, by using \italic{-s}, using \italic{-m filename}, or creating a file called ".shmenu" in your home directory). Each way requires that you establish a file somewhere containing the specification for the new menu(s). See the Quick Reference section for details on specifying your own shell menu file. If you plan to make permanent additions to your Tm menus that will add to the menus provided by the system, you should create a file called ".shmenu" in your home directory. We recommend that you copy the system file /usr/andrew/lib/shmenu into your own .shmenu file to keep all of the options provided there. Then, you can edit your .shmenu file to add to the menus it provides. \ \bold{Adding an example menu card and menu option.} Each menu option in a shmenu file is defined in the following format: \italic{ MenuName}~\italic{Priority},\italic{MenuOption}~\italic{Priority}:\ \italic{command } To make a new "Start Editor" option appear on a new menu card called "Editor," you would only have to add a line like this one to your own .shmenu file and start a new Tm: Editor~40,Start Editor~11:ez The first item on each line is the name of the menu (Editor), followed by its priority number (~40). The first priority number tells Tm where to position the menu card in relation to other menus; the 40 means that the Editor menu card will be the fourth menu card in Tm. The Front menu is numbered 10, the Search menu is numbered 20, and the Mail/News menu card is numbered 30. \ After the comma comes the menu option as it should appear on the menu (Start Editor), followed by a priority number for the entry (~11). This priority number determines where each menu option appears on the menu card; the group of options beginning with 10 go at the top. (Other options with priority numbers beginning with 1's like 13, 15 or 19 would be listed in the same group as Start Editor in numerical order.) Differences in the tens column (10's to 20's to 30's, up to 99 max.) indicate where blank lines should appear between groups of menu options that might follow. After the colon is the command string that is sent to Tm when the menu option is chosen. When the menu option Start Editor is chosen, the command string "ez" appears in the Tm with a new line inserted after it to enter the command. It is not possible to prevent the new line from being added at the end; it is added by the Tm program itself. } \section{Warnings }\leftindent{ Some programs require you to type Ctrl-D in Tm to terminate their input. Be careful not to type an extra Ctrl-D because it can terminate the c-shell process in Tm, forcing you to start a new Tm window. Ctrl-Z will suspend a program running in Tm, but will not affect Tm. Ctrl-C terminates a running program and Ctrl-\\ terminates it with a dump, but neither seems to affect the shell. If you scroll back to look at previous commands in Tm while running a new command, Tm may scroll forward to show output from that command. This may be annoying, but is not harmful. } \section{Quick reference }\leftindent{ \bold{Syntax} tm [ -F ] [-t \italic{message}] [ -s ] [-m\italic{ filename}] [ \italic{command} [ \italic{arguments} ... ] ] \bold{Options/arguments} \bold{-F} adds a File Menu card similar to the one in EZ, containing the options Save As, Set Printer, Print, Preview. These options allow you to save a Tm into a file and print it. \bold{-t} inserts the words that you supply into the middle of the Tm title bar. Put titles of more than one word inside quotation marks, like this: t\leftindent{m -t "Your ad here"} \bold{-s} installs the shell menu. This is the default unless you use the \italic{command} option to start a Tm containing another program. To find a shell menu, Tm first looks for a path to a shell menu in your preferences file. (Use the \italic{programname}.shmenu preference to set this path). It then looks for a .shmenu file in your home directory. (If neither of these is found, Tm will try to find a system shmenu file, if one is defined at your site.) \bold{-m \italic{filename} } uses the named file for the shell menu. This option lets you start Tm with an experimental shmenu file from a different directory. \ \bold{-r \italic{rows}} Sets the number of rows on the screen Tm uses. The default is 24. This is used by non-4.3 systems and programs that don't understand dynamic screen resizing on 4.3. \bold{-c \italic{columns}} Sets the number of columns on Tm's screen. The default is 80. \bold{\italic{command} [ \italic{arguments} ... ]} dedicates a new Tm window to running an application with any arguments you provide. When you quit from an application program that you started in this manner, the Tm window associated with it disappears. \bold{P\bold{references}} Preferences in tm are prefixed with the name of the application, not "tm". Since the default application is csh, you will probably want to prefix your preferences with "csh." For instance: \bold{\italic{csh}}\bold{\italic{.shmenu: }}\ \leftindent{You can reset this preference with the path to your own shell menu file. (Remember, you can also read a shmenu file by putting a .shmenu file in your home directory. You can then use this preference to override that file when needed.) }} \section{Related tools} \ Select (highlight) one of the italicized names and choose "Show Help on Selected Word" from the pop-up menu to see the help file for: \leftindent{ \italic{\helptopic{csh}} (more about the c-shell) \helptopic{\italic{t}\italic{m-keys}} (keybindings for tm) \italic{\helptopic{typescript} \helptopic{typescript-keys}} } \begindata{bp,538505984} \enddata{bp,538505984} \view{bpv,538505984,1,0,0} Copyright 1992 Carnegie Mellon University and IBM. 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