Dear Author:

Congratulations on the acceptance of your paper in an AAAI publication!  
AAAI uses standard layouts for its proceedings, according
to the model pages you have (or will) receive. The LaTeX and BibTeX
Macros that follow contain an instruction set that will aid you in
preparing your model pages. This file consists of three files,
including: 
- AAAI.ins -- a sample coded file containing sample text
- AAAI.bst -- a BibTeX File 
- AAAI.sty -- the AAAI LaTeX style file
- AAAI.sty-buglist -- A list of possible "bugs" in aaai.sty.

End of file markers are denoted by a string of = symbols. Please note
that these instructions and macros are provided for your convenience on
an "as is" basis. We did not create them and make no warranty as to
their fitness or use for any purpose.

Should you have recommendations for improvements to these files, we
would be glad to incorporate your comments into them. Send your comments
or corrections to press@aaai.org. The subject line should read
"macros-fix."

Thank you in advance for your work and efforts in making the proceedings
a useful document, and congratulations again on the acceptance of your
paper! 

============= cut here ==========================================

%File: AAAI.inst
% These are the instructions for authors of proceedings, working notes,
% and technical reports to be published or distributed by 
% AAAI or the AAAI Press. These instructions are  generic. 
% Consequently, they do not include specific dates, page charges, and so forth. 
% Please consult your specific written conference instructions for 
% details regarding your submission.
%
% Acknowledgments
% The preparation of  the \LaTeX{} and Bib\TeX{} files that
% implement these instructions was supported by Schlumberger 
% Palo Alto Research, AT\&T Bell
% Laboratories, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, and AAAI Press.
% 
% These instructions were last revised on 1 March 1997. They have been
% copyrighted by the American Association for Artificial Intelligence,
% and are being made available solely for the use and benefit of
% authors preparing papers for AAAI Press publications. No other use
% of these instructions may be made without permission
% in writing from AAAI.


\documentstyle[aaai]{article}
\begin{document}
% The file aaai.sty is the style file for AAAI Press  
% proceedings, working notes, and technical reports.
%
% The preparation of this file was supported by Schlumberger Palo Alto
% Research, AT\&T Bell Laboratories, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers,
% and AAAI.
%
% These instructions can be modified and used in other conferences as 
% long as credit to the authors and supporting agencies is retained, 
% this notice is not changed, and further modification or reuse is 
% not restricted. Neither AAAI, Mike Hamilton, nor Peter F. Patel-Schneider can be 
% listed as contacts for providing assistance without their prior 
% permission.
\title{Instructions to Authors}
\author{AAAI Press\\
	American Association for Artificial Intelligence\\
	445 Burgess Drive\\
	Menlo Park, California 94025--3496\\
	proceedings@aaai.org}
\maketitle
\begin{abstract}
%\section*{Abstract}
\begin{quote}
The proceedings, working notes, or technical report will be printed directly from
camera-ready copy furnished by the authors. To ensure that all papers in the
publication have a uniform appearance, authors should adhere to the following
instructions. (Authors who are required to send only an extended abstract need not 
include an abstract of their abstract.)

\end{quote}
\end{abstract}

\section{Output}

Your paper must be printed single sided, in black-and-white on $8\frac{1}{2} \times 11$ inch
stiff white paper. To ready your paper for publication, please typeset it using a
software program such as Quark XPress, Microsoft Word, FrameMaker, PageMaker, 
or other similar formatting software. Output from such
software should be (in order of preference) positive resin paper at 1,200 dots
per inch (standard imagesetter output) or, less satisfactory, laser printout at
600 dots per inch or 300 dots per inch or other letter-quality printer output.
{\it Do not} use a line printer, ink jet, 200 dpi fax, or dot-matrix printer for final output.
Papers with poor quality output such as light or gray type, and papers that
significantly deviate from these instructions (such as eight-point or smaller
type, one-column format, etc.) will not be included, because such papers would be
rendered unreadable when printed.

\section{Copyright}
If you were required to transfer copyright of your paper to AAAI, you
must include the AAAI copyright notice\footnote{Copyright 1997,
American Association for Artificial Intelligence (www.aaai.org). All
rights reserved.} and web site address on {\it all} copies of your paper,
whether electronic or paper (including the camera copy you provide to
AAAI.) An example of the copyright notice, which may be printed in 8
point type, is reproduced below. (Note that although a footnote reference
appears on this example, no footnote number need appear in your own original.)
A signed, {\it unaltered} copyright form (or,
for technical reports only, a signed, unaltered permission to distribute
form) {\it must} be included with the camera copy that you send to AAAI. If
you fail to send in a signed copyright or permission form, your paper
will not be published.

\section{Style and Format}

Papers {\it must} be printed in the two-column format on $8\frac{1}{2} \times 11$ inch paper. 
The margins must be exactly
as follows:\begin{itemize}

\item Top margin: $\frac{3}{4}$ of an inch
\item Left margin: $\frac{3}{4}$ inch
\item Right margin: $\frac{3}{4}$ inch.
\item Bottom margin: $1\frac{1}{4}$ inches. 
\end{itemize}

Papers that deviate from these measurements will
not be published. (These measurements apply only to  $8\frac{1}{2} \times 11$ inch paper.
A4 submissions are not acceptable if AAAI has provided you with paper. If AAAI did not
provide paper, you must trim the A4 paper to an 11-inch height.

To ensure maximum readability, your paper must include two columns. Each column
should be 3.312 inches wide (slightly more than $3\frac{1}{4}$ inches), with a $\frac{3}{8}$ inch
gutter of white space between the two columns. A  template showing the 
position of the columns can be downloaded from AAAI's web site (http://www.aaai.org).
Hard-copy versions of the master page forms are also available. Please contact
the AAAI office if you need these forms. They will be shipped via US mail to you,
so either allow at least two weeks delivery time, or ask that the forms be
shipped via courier (at your expense). We can't grant an extension if the master
page forms arrive late, so if you need them ask for them early.

Do {\it not} print or write page numbers on the front of your paper. On the back of
each page of your paper, legibly print your name, email address, and telephone
number. You should also write the page number on the back of each page of your
paper, followed by the total number of pages in your paper. For example:

\begin{quote}John Doe\\
doe@site.com\\
(900) 555-1212\\
Page 1 of 6\\
\end{quote}
If you format your paper using using standard Type 1 PostScript fonts and our 
supplied macros, you should find that the
formatted paper fits within the measurements we require. If your output
does not fit these margins, you will have to adjust the template
to fit your particular printer and fonts.

Your type should be ten-point in size with one- or two-point leading (line spacing). 
Start all pages (except the first) directly under the top margin. (See the next section
for instructions on formatting the title page.) Indent ten points when beginning
a new paragraph, unless the paragraph begins directly below a heading or
subheading.

\subsection{Title}

The title appears near the top of the first page, centered over both columns in
fourteen- or sixteen-point bold type. Author's names should appear below the
title of the paper in ten- or eleven-point type, along with affiliation(s) and
complete address(es) (including electronic mail address if available) in
ten-point roman type. You should begin the two-column format when you come to the
abstract.

\subsection{Credits}

Any credits to a sponsoring agency should appear in the acknowledgments section,
unless the agency requires different placement. 

\subsection{Abstract}

The abstract appears at the beginning of the first column, indented ten points
from the left and right margins. The title ``Abstract" should appear in ten-point
type, centered above the body of the abstract in a bold font. The abstract should
be set in nine-point type with ten-point leading. This concise, one-paragraph
summary should describe the general thesis and conclusion of your paper. A reader
should be able to learn the purpose of the paper and the reason for its
importance from the abstract. The abstract should be no more than two hundred
words in length.


\subsection{Text}

The main body of the paper follows the abstract, observing the two-column format.
(Each column should be 3.312 inches wide; a $\frac{3}{8}$ inch gutter should separate the
two columns.) Text should be ten-point with eleven-point or twelve-point leading.
(These instructions are prepared using ten-point type with eleven-point leading.)
If you have the facility to print fractional widths and hyphenate line endings, we 
recommend that you justify your columns. Mono-spaced output should be ragged right.

We suggest, for the purpose of uniformity, that you try to format your paper in
a Type 1 Times Roman PostScript font. Please use PostScript versions of these fonts, not
bitmaps. (See the ``Electronic Version of Your Paper" section for additional information
on Type 1 fonts for LaTeX users.)

\subsubsection{Citations.}

Citations within the text should include the author's last name and year, for
example (Cheeseman 1994). Append lower-case letters to the year in cases of
ambiguity. Multiple authors should be treated as follows: (Cheeseman and
Engelmore 1988) or (Engelmore, Feigenbaum, and Buchanan 1992). In the case of
four or more authors, list only the first author, followed by et al. (Clancey
et al. 1991).

\subsubsection{Extracts.}

Long quotations and extracts should be identified as such and indented ten
points at the left and right margins.
\begin{quote} 
This is an example of a quotation. Note the indent on both sides. Quotation
marks are not necessary if you offset the text in a block like this, and
properly identify and cite the quotation in the text.
\end{quote}

\subsubsection{Footnotes.}

Avoid footnotes as much as possible; they interrupt the reading of the text.
When essential, they should be consecutively numbered throughout with
superscript Arabic numbers. Footnotes should appear at the bottom of the page,
separated from the text by a blank line space and a thin, half-point rule.

\subsection{Headings and Sections}

When necessary, headings should be used to separate major sections of your
paper. Remember, you are writing a short paper, not a lengthy book! An
overabundance of headings will tend to make your paper look more like an
outline than a paper.

	First-level heads should be twelve-point bold type, mixed case (initial capitals followed by
lower case on all words except articles, conjunctions, and prepositions, which should appear
entirely in lower case), with fifteen-point leading, centered, with one blank line preceding
them and three additional points of leading following them. Second-level headings should be
eleven-point bold type, mixed case, with thirteen-point leading, flush left, with one blank line
preceding them and three additional points of leading following them. Do not skip a line between
paragraphs. Third-level headings should be run in with the text, ten-point bold type, mixed
case, with twelve-point leading, flush left, with six points of additional space preceding them
and no additional points of leading following them.

Sections should be arranged and headed as follows:


\subsubsection{Acknowledgments.}

The acknowledgments section, if included, appears after the main body of the text 
and is headed ``Acknowledgments." This section includes
acknowledgments of help from associates and colleagues, financial support, and
permission to publish. Please try to limit acknowledgments to no more than
three sentences.

\subsubsection{Appendices.}
Any appendices follow the acknowledgments (if included, or after the main body
of text if no acknowledgments appear).

\subsubsection{References.}

The references section should be labeled ``References" and should appear at the end 
of the paper. A sample list of references is given at the end of these instructions. 
Please use a consistent format for references. Poorly prepared or sloppy references 
reflect badly on the quality of your paper and your research. Please prepare complete 
and accurate citations.

\subsection{Illustrations and Figures}

Figures, drawings, tables, and photographs should be placed throughout the paper
near the place where they are first discussed. Do not group them together at the
end of the paper. If placed at the top or bottom of the paper, illustrations may
run across both columns. Figures {\it must not} invade the top, bottom, or side margin
areas. We suggest you insert your figures using your page-formatting software. If
you cannot do so, you must paste the figures so that they are securely attached,
using glue, spray adhesive, or rubber cement. If you use transparent tape, do not
cover any portion of the figure or surrounding type. Number figures sequentially,
for example, figure 1, and so on.

The illustration number and caption should appear under the illustration. Leave
some space between the figure and the caption and surrounding type; $\frac{1}{4}$ inch
should suffice.

Captions, labels, and other text in illustrations must be at least nine-point
type. Do not use line-printer printouts and avoid low-resolution (e.g.
72 pixels per inch) screen-dumps and gif files---these files contain so few pixels
that they are always blurry, and often illegible when printed.

\subsubsection{Drawings.}

We suggest you use computer drawing software (such as Claris Draw, Adobe
Illustrator, or Freehand) to create your illustrations. These illustrations will
look best if all line widths are uniform (half- or one-point in size), and you do
not create labels over shaded areas. Shading should be 133 lpi if possible (If
you use 600 dpi laser printer output, you won't be able to manage much more than a
84 lpi screen). Use Times Roman or Helvetica for all figure call-outs. If you use 
a 300 dpi laser printer, do not make lines any larger than one point, and do not use shading.

\subsubsection{Photographs.}

Photographs should be in black and white (color photographs will not reproduce
well; for example, red tones will reproduce as black, etc.). If you pre-screen
halftones, make sure you use a screen setting of 84 lines per inch (for 600 dpi
laser printers) or 133 lines per inch (for 1200 or 2400 dpi output). If you are
outputting your paper on a 300 dpi laser printer, do not print photographs---paste
the original photographs (which should be glossy black-and-white prints at actual
size) on the page instead. Photographs incur extra expense; please use them
judiciously.

\section{Submitting Keywords, Titles, Authors, and Abstracts}

In order to create an accurate table of contents, and provide electronic access
to abstracts, we require that you send us the title of your paper, all the
attributed authors, and the final abstract as soon as possible (but no later than
the due date of your camera-ready copy). This information will be used to
generate the table of contents for the publication and electronic catalogs of
AAAI material. You can submit this information either by accessing by accessing
the form at AAAI's world wide web site (http://www.aaai.org) or by sending the
information via electronic mail.  (If you submitted your abstract to
AAAI as part of AAAI's paper review process, and none of the particulars
about your paper, such as its title, authors, etc. have changed, you
need not send in a new abstract; if any elements have changed, however,
you must resubmit {\it all} the information including the abstract.) Authors
of extended abstracts should send in the entire document, unless an
abstract of the abstract was created. 

To  send the information by
electronic mail, please do so as follows:\\
\begin{itemize}
\item On the subject line, put the name of your conference or event, followed by the word ``Abstract."
\item In the body of the message, put the title of your paper. Type this
in initial caps, lower case. Don't type the title in all lower or upper
case. See the example below. 

\item Skip a line, then put the word "Abstract" followed by the actual text of the
abstract. \end{itemize}

Do not format your electronic abstract, and do not use LaTeX, TeX,
HTML, or any other coding method.
Here's an example of a completed abstract:

\begin{verbatim}
  Subject: XYZ Conference Abstract

  Investigation of the XYZ Algorithm
  Jane Doe and John Doe
  Abstract:
  The XYZ Algorithm is presented here....
\end{verbatim}

Send your message to abs@aaai.org. If you do not have access to the internet,
please enclose a $3 \frac{1}{2}$ inch Macintosh or IBM-PC readable diskette
containing this information. We will post abstracts on our World Wide Web Page.

\section{Paper Length and Page Charges}

Papers should not exceed the length specified in your acceptance
packet. If they exceed that length, extra page charges will be incurred. See
your acceptance packet for the cost of additional pages. Make checks for such
additional charges payable to AAAI. We are unable to bill you for these
charges. Payment must accompany your camera-ready copy.

\section{Electronic Version of Your Paper}

AAAI is now archiving electronic copies of all of its publications. To
aid us in this effort, we request that you create a PostScript version
of your paper and send it to papers@aaai.org. If you are using LaTeX,
you must use Type 1 PostScript fonts and configure DVIPS to use these
fonts automatically. Instructions for this purpose are available in
Kendall Whitehouse's ``Creating Quality Adobe PDF Files from TeX with
DVIPS" available from www.adobe.com/supportservice/custsupport/ SOLUTIONS/3a26.htm. 
The Bakoma package of Type 1 PostScript fonts for LaTeX can be found at 
http://xxx.lanl.gov/ftp/pub/fonts/x-windows/. (URLs
may have changed since thes instructions were written.)

If you are using a
wordprocessor on a Windows or Macintosh platform, please embed all
PostScript fonts except the standard families of Helvetica, Times,
Symbol, and Palatino into your file. (Do {\it not} embed Truetype fonts.)

Completed Macintosh files should be stuffed using Stuffit, then
converted to BinHex, before being sent. Completed Windows PostScript
documents should be zipped and uuencoded before being sent. Completed
UNIX PostScript documents should be compressed and uuencoded before
being sent. The subject line of your mail message, in all cases, should
contain the name and year of your conference. 

If you need guidance on
creating a proper PostScript file, we suggest you consult Adobe Systems
Inc.'s web site for technical guidance.

\section{Identification}

Your name, e-mail, and telephone number must be typed or written on the {\it back}
of every page of your master. This is crucial! In addition, your paper must be
numbered sequentially (also on the back of the page, please) sequentially.
Failure to do this may result in the exclusion; of your paper or (worse) partial
publication, or the scrambling of your paper with that of another author's work.
Page numbering is for identification only. Actual page numbers will be assigned
by the publisher. Do not include page numbers on the front of your paper.

\section{Changes}

Once your paper has been submitted in camera-ready form, no changes to it can
be made. Consequently, please proofread your paper carefully before
sending it! Also, in order to avoid confusion, please refrain from
making changes to your paper's title and its attributed authors. If you
must do this, you are required to submit a new electronic abstract using
the form available on AAAI's web site (see the ``Submitting Keyword"
section of this document for additional information).

\section{Obtaining Macros and Style Sheets}

AAAI's proceedings are printed in 8-1/2 x 11 inch format. As a courtesy
to authors, we have created generic templates and macros that can be
used to format two-column camera copy. (Please read the formatting
instructions!) You can retrieve these templates via the world wide web,
or by e-mail. To retrieve the templates, please go to
www.aaai.org/Publications/ Templates/. From this point, you should be
able to follow the links to the specific information you require. At the
time of this writing, templates are available in three formats. All
templates and macros are located in the directory www.aaai.org/Publications/Templates.
\begin{itemize}
\item Microsoft Word 5.1 for Macintosh: 
aaai-word.hqx
\item Microsoft Word 6.0 for Windows and Macintosh: 
aaai-win.uu
\item Rich Text Format (for most word-processing programs): 
aaai.rtf
\end{itemize}

LaTeX macros are available either as a set, or as individual pieces:
\begin{itemize}
\item Instructions in LaTeX format: aaai-inst.tex
\item The LaTeX style file: aaai.sty
\item The BibTeX style file for BibTeX version 0.99c: aaai.bst
\item The complete set of LaTeX Macros for AAAI Proceedings: latex-set.tex
\end{itemize}

If you are unable to locate the desired template at the above location,
please follow the links from the AAAI home page (www.aaai.org);
circumstances might have required us to move the template from its
current location.

You may also request the macros or templates by sending an empty e-mail
message to our automatic mailer. The requested file will be
automatically sent back to you, generally sometime that day, although it
can take more than a day for the file to arrive. Please {\it don't} send
multiple messages to the server, and {\it don't wait} until the last minute to
request the file! We won't read messages sent to our automatic mailer
addresses, so if you have any problems receiving the file, send a
message to webmaster@aaai.org, not to the automatic mailer.

The automatic mailer addresses are:
\begin{itemize}
\item Macros for LaTeX: Send an empty message to macros@aaai.org
\item Word template for Macintosh: Send an empty message to
mac-template@aaai.org
\item RTF template (for Windows and Macintosh word processing programs):
Send an empty message to rtf-template@aaai.org
\end{itemize}

The Macintosh Word 5.1 file has been compressed with Stuffit and encoded
with BinHex. You will have to decode and unstuff it before use. The RTF
file is plain text. You will need to open it as an RTF document in your
word-processing program The Word 6.0 for Windows and Macintosh file has
been uuencoded. You will need to uudecode it prior to using it.

The word processing templates have been created using the margins that
AAAI Press requires for submitted camera copy. They also contain preset
style sheets for the most commonly used elements in proceedings papers,
such as headings, extracts, and so forth.

The macros and templates we send out have been tested, but only on a
limited number of devices. They are therefore provided ``as is" without
any guarantee that they will work on your particular machine. If you are
having trouble with the macros or templates, we suggest you contact an
expert who is familiar with the particular hardware and software
environment at your site for assistance. Unfortunately, we are unable to
provide such assistance to you.

\subsection{Email Requests for Macros and Templates}

You may also request the macros or templates by sending an empty email message to
our automatic mailer. The requested file will be automatically sent back to you,
generally sometime that day, although it can take more than a day for the file to
arrive. {\bf Please don't send multiple messages to the server,} and by all
means {\bf don't wait until the last minute} to request the file! If you haven't
received the file after  twenty-four hours, try obtaining it directly from the
web, or send a message to webmaster@aaai.org, and report the difficulty. (We
don't read messages sent to our automatic mailer addresses, so if you have any
problems receiving the file, send a message to webmaster@aaai.org, not to the automatic
mailer.)
 
The automatic mailer address are as follows:

\begin{itemize}

\item {\bf Macros for LaTeX:} Send an empty message
to latex-template@aaai.org.

\item {\bf Word template for
Macintosh:} Send an empty message to mac-template@aaai.org.

\item {\bf RTF template}
(suitable for any word-processing program that supports the RTF interchange
format, such as Word for Windows): Send an empty message to rtf-template@aaai.org.

\item {\bf Word Perfect
for Windows:} Send an empty message to wp-template@aaai.org

\end{itemize}

 
The Macintosh Word 5.1 file has been compressed with Stuffit and 
encoded with BinHex. You will have to decode and unstuff it before use. 
The RTF file is plain text. You will need to open it as an rtf document 
in Word. The Word Perfect template has been uuencoded. You will need to 
uudecode the template first before opening it in Word Perfect. 
 
The macros and templates we send out have been tested, but only on a limited number of 
devices. They are therefore provided ``as is" without any guarantee that they 
will work on your particular machine. If you have technical questions
about implementation of the \LaTeX{} macros, please contact a \LaTeX{} expert
at your site. AAAI is unable to provide technical support for \LaTeX{}
or the macros.

\section{Mailing}
Make a good-quality photocopy (or an extra print) of your final paper
and keep it in your files for reference or in case your paper gets lost
in transit. You must send the {\it original} to us for printing---{\it photocopies
are not acceptable!}

Your paper and copyright form (along with a check made payable to AAAI
for any page overruns) must be received no later than the date specified
in your acceptance packet. Papers received later than the due date, or
papers received without a signed copyright form will not be included.

Do not fold your paper for mailing. Send the paper in a sturdy envelope,
and enclose cardboard backing. Clearly mark ``Do not fold or bend" on
both sides of your mailing envelope. Send your paper to the attention of
the person or department listed in your instruction packet.

\section{Inquiries}
If you have any questions about the preparation or submission of your paper as instructed in this package, please contact AAAI Press at the address given below. If you have technical questions about implementation of the macros, please contact an expert at your site. AAAI is unable to provide technical support for any software, template, or macro.
\begin{quote}
	AAAI Press\\
	445 Burgess Drive\\
	Menlo Park, California 94025-3496\\
	Telephone: (415) 328-3123\\
	E-mail: press@aaai.org\\
\end{quote}

\subsection{Return Receipts}
Most couriers will supply you with return receipt capability; if you
need this service, please ask your courier to provide it for you. If
that isn't possible, we suggest you enclose a self addressed, stamped
postcard with your paper. We'll return the postcard to you, stamped with
the date your paper was received. If you send your paper in early, you
can obtain confirmation of its arrival by sending a message to
press@aaai.org or by calling (415) 328-3123. However, paper deadline
time is always a busy day for us. We'd appreciate it if you could either
send your paper in early, (in which case we'd be delighted to e-mail
confirmation), use a self-addressed, stamped postcard, or use the
service provided by your courier.

Thank you for reading these instructions carefully. We look forward to
receiving your camera-ready copy!

\section{References}

\subsection{Book with Multiple Authors}

Engelmore, R., and Morgan, A. eds. 1986. {\it Blackboard Systems.} Reading,
Mass.: Addison-Wesley.

\subsection{Magazine Article}

Robinson, A. L. 1980a. New Ways to Make Microcircuits Smaller. {\it Science}
208: 1019--1026.

\subsection{Journal Article}

Hasling, D. W.; Clancey, W. J.; and Rennels, G. R. 1983. Strategic Explanations
in Consultation. {\it The International Journal of Man-Machine Studies} 20(1):
3--19.

\subsection{Proceedings Paper}

Clancey, W. J. 1983b. Communication, Simulation, and Intelligent Agents:
Implications of Personal Intelligent Machines for Medical Education. In
Proceedings of the Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial
Intelligence, 556--560. Menlo Park, Calif.: International Joint Conferences on
Artificial Intelligence, Inc.

\subsection{University Technical Report}

Rice, J. 1986. Poligon: A System for Parallel Problem Solving, Technical Report,
KSL--86--19. Dept. of Computer Science, Stanford Univ.

\subsection{Dissertation or Thesis}

Clancey, W. J. 1979b. Transfer of Rule-Based Expertise Through a Tutorial
Dialogue. Ph.D. diss., Dept. of Computer Science, Stanford Univ.

\subsection{Forthcoming Publication}

Doe, W. J. 1993. The Engineering of Qualitative Models. Forthcoming.

\bigskip

These instructions were last revised on 1 March 1997. They have been
copyrighted by the American Association for Artificial Intelligence,
and are being made available solely for the use and benefit of
authors preparing papers for AAAI Press publications. No other use
of these instructions may be made without permission
in writing from AAAI.


\end{document}

============= cut here ==========================================
%Filename: AAAI.bst

% BibTeX `aaai' style file for BibTeX version 0.99c, LaTeX version 2.09
% Version of 22 February 1994
% Place it in a file called aaai.bst in the BibTeX search path.  (Placing it
% in the same directory as the LaTeX document should also work.)
% Support for named citations is provided by named.sty

% This version was made by modifying the master file made by
% Oren Patashnik (PATASHNIK@SCORE.STANFORD.EDU)

% Copyright (C) 1985, all rights reserved.
% Modifications Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1994, Peter F. Patel-Schneider
% Copying of this file is authorized only if either
% (1) you make absolutely no changes to your copy, including name, or
% (2) if you do make changes, you name it something other than
% btxbst.doc, plain.bst, unsrt.bst, alpha.bst, and abbrv.bst.
% This restriction helps ensure that all standard styles are identical.

% This style is NOT guaranteed to work.  It is provided in the hope
% that it will make the preparation of papers easier.
%
% There are undoubtably bugs in this style.  If you make bug fixes,
% improvements, etc.  please let me know.  My e-mail address is:
%	pfps@research.att.com

% The preparation of this modified file was supported by Schlumberger Palo
% Alto Research and AT\&T Bell Laboratories.

% Modifications Copyright (C) 1990. Sunil Issar si@cs.cmu.edu
% Modified the file so that the Bibliography style is closer to the
% one specified in the Instructions to Authors for AAAI papers.
% This style is NOT guaranteed to work.  It is provided in the hope
% that it will make the preparation of papers easier.
% Standard disclaimers apply. Send comments etc., to si@cs.cmu.edu

% This file can be used in other conferences as long as credit to the
% authors and supporting agencies is retained, this notice is not changed,
% and further modification or reuse is not restricted. 

%   Name format in citations: 
%	single author	First
%	two authors	First & Second
%	three authors	First, Second, & Third
%	more authors	First et al.
%
%   Bibliography format
%	author. date. other.
%    Author format
%	single author	First, Initials
% 	two authors	First, Initials, and Second, Initials
% 	more authors	First, Initials; ...; and Last, Initials
%
%   Reference list ordering: alphabetical by author or whatever passes
%	for author in the absence of one.
%
% This BibTeX style has support for short (year only) citations.  This
% is done by having the citations actually look like
%         \citeauthoryear{author-info}{year}
% The LaTeX style has to have support for this

ENTRY
  { address
    author
    booktitle
    chapter
    edition
    editor
    howpublished
    institution
    journal
    key
    month
    note
    number
    organization
    pages
    publisher
    school
    series
    title
    type
    volume
    year
  }
  {}
  { label extra.label sort.label }

INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }

FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
{ #0 'before.all :=
  #1 'mid.sentence :=
  #2 'after.sentence :=
  #3 'after.block :=
}

STRINGS { s t }

FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
{ 's :=
  output.state mid.sentence =
    { ", " * write$ }
    { output.state after.block =
	{ add.period$ write$
	  newline$
	  "\newblock " write$
	}
	{ output.state before.all =
	    'write$
	    { add.period$ " " * write$ }
	  if$
	}
      if$
      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
    }
  if$
  s
}

FUNCTION {sioutput.nonnull}
{ 's :=
  output.state mid.sentence =
    { " " * write$ }
    { output.state after.block =
	{ add.period$ write$
	  newline$
	  "\newblock " write$
	}
	{ output.state before.all =
	    'write$
	    { add.period$ " " * write$ }
	  if$
	}
      if$
      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
    }
  if$
  s
}

FUNCTION {output}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    'pop$
    'output.nonnull
  if$
}

FUNCTION {sioutput}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    'pop$
    'sioutput.nonnull
  if$
}

FUNCTION {output.check}
{ 't :=
  duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
    'output.nonnull
  if$
}

FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
{ newline$

  "\bibitem[" write$
  label write$
  "]{" write$

  cite$ write$
  "}" write$
  newline$
  ""
  before.all 'output.state :=
}

FUNCTION {fin.entry}
{ add.period$
  write$
  newline$
}

FUNCTION {new.block}
{ output.state before.all =
    'skip$
    { after.block 'output.state := }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {new.sentence}
{ output.state after.block =
    'skip$
    { output.state before.all =
	'skip$
	{ after.sentence 'output.state := }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {not}
{   { #0 }
    { #1 }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {and}
{   'skip$
    { pop$ #0 }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {or}
{   { pop$ #1 }
    'skip$
  if$
}

FUNCTION {new.block.checka}
{ empty$
    'skip$
    'new.block
  if$
}

FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
{ empty$
  swap$ empty$
  and
    'skip$
    'new.block
  if$
}

FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka}
{ empty$
    'skip$
    'new.sentence
  if$
}

FUNCTION {new.sentence.checkb}
{ empty$
  swap$ empty$
  and
    'skip$
    'new.sentence
  if$
}

FUNCTION {field.or.null}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    'skip$
  if$
}

FUNCTION {emphasize}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    { "{\em " swap$ * "}" * }
  if$
}

INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }

FUNCTION {format.publisher}
{ publisher empty$
  { "" }
  { address empty$
    { publisher }
    { address ": " * publisher * }
    if$ 
  }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.organization}
{ organization empty$
  { "" }
  { address empty$
    { organization }
    { address ": " * organization * }
    if$ 
  }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.names}
{ 's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }

    { s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}{, jj}{, f.}" format.name$ 't :=

      nameptr #1 >
	{ namesleft #1 >
	    { "; " * t * }
	    { numnames #2 >
		{ ";" * }
		{ "," * }
	      if$
	      t "others" =
		{ " et~al." * }
		{ " and " * t * }
	      if$
	    }
	  if$
	}
	't
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
  add.period$
}

FUNCTION {format.authors}
{ author empty$
    { "" }
    { author format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.editors}
{ editor empty$
    { "" }
    { editor format.names
      editor num.names$ #1 >
	{ ", eds." * }
	{ ", ed." * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.title}
{ title empty$
    { "" }

    { title "t" change.case$ }

  if$
}

FUNCTION {n.dashify}
{ 't :=
  ""
    { t empty$ not }
    { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
	{ t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
	    { "--" *
	      t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
	    }
	    {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
		{ "-" *
		  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
		}
	      while$
	    }
	  if$
	}
	{ t #1 #1 substring$ *
	  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
	}
      if$
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {format.year}
{ year empty$
	{ "" }
	{ year extra.label * }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.date}
{ year empty$
    { month empty$
	{ "" }
	{ "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$
	  month
	}
      if$
    }
    { month empty$
	'year
	{ month " " * year * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.btitle}
{ title emphasize
}

FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
    { "~" }
    { " " }
  if$
  swap$ * *
}

FUNCTION {either.or.check}
{ empty$
    'pop$
    { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
{ volume empty$
    { "" }
    { "volume" volume tie.or.space.connect
      series empty$
	'skip$
	{ " of " * series emphasize * }
      if$
      "volume and number" number either.or.check
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.number.series}
{ volume empty$
    { number empty$
	{ series field.or.null }
	{ output.state mid.sentence =
	    { "number" }
	    { "Number" }
	  if$
	  number tie.or.space.connect
	  series empty$
	    { "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }
	    { " in " * series * }
	  if$
	}
      if$
    }
    { "" }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.edition}
{ edition empty$
    { "" }
    { output.state mid.sentence =
	{ edition "l" change.case$ " edition" * }
	{ edition "t" change.case$ " edition" * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

INTEGERS { multiresult }

FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
{ 't :=
  #0 'multiresult :=
    { multiresult not
      t empty$ not
      and
    }
    { t #1 #1 substring$
      duplicate$ "-" =
      swap$ duplicate$ "," =
      swap$ "+" =
      or or
	{ #1 'multiresult := }
	{ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
      if$
    }
  while$
  multiresult
}

FUNCTION {format.pages}
{ pages empty$
    { "" }
    { pages multi.page.check
	{ "" pages n.dashify tie.or.space.connect }
	{ "" pages tie.or.space.connect }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
{ volume field.or.null
  number empty$
    'skip$
    { "(" number * ")" * *
      volume empty$
	{ "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
	'skip$
      if$
    }
  if$
  pages empty$
    'skip$
    { duplicate$ empty$
	{ pop$ format.pages }
	{ ":" * pages n.dashify * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
{ chapter empty$
    'format.pages
    { type empty$
	{ "chapter" }
	{ type "l" change.case$ }
      if$
      chapter tie.or.space.connect
      pages empty$
	'skip$
	{ ", " * format.pages * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
{ booktitle empty$
    { "" }
    { editor empty$
	{ "In " booktitle emphasize * }
	{ "In " format.editors * ", " * booktitle emphasize * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {empty.misc.check}
{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
  month empty$ year empty$ note empty$
  and and and and and

  key empty$ not and

    { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
    'skip$
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
{ type empty$
    'skip$
    { pop$
      type "t" change.case$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
{ type empty$
    { "Technical Report" }
    'type
  if$
  number empty$
    { "t" change.case$ }
    { number tie.or.space.connect }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
{ key empty$
    { journal empty$
	{ "need key or journal for " cite$ * " to crossref " * crossref *
	  warning$
	  ""
	}
	{ "In {\em " journal * "\/}" * }
      if$
    }
    { "In " key * }
  if$
  " \shortcite{" * crossref * "}" *
}

FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor}
{ editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
  editor num.names$ duplicate$
  #2 >
    { pop$ " et~al." * }
    { #2 <
	'skip$
	{ editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
	    { " et~al." * }
	    { " and " * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
	  if$
	}
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
{ volume empty$
    { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
      "In "
    }
    { "Volume" volume tie.or.space.connect
      " of " *
    }
  if$
  editor empty$
  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
  or
    { key empty$
	{ series empty$
	    { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
	      crossref * warning$
	      "" *
	    }
	    { "{\em " * series * "\/}" * }
	  if$
	}
	{ key * }
      if$
    }
    { format.crossref.editor * }
  if$
  " \shortcite{" * crossref * "}" *
}

FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
{ editor empty$
  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
  or
    { key empty$
	{ booktitle empty$
	    { "need editor, key, or booktitle for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
	      crossref * warning$
	      ""
	    }
	    { "In {\em " booktitle * "\/}" * }
	  if$
	}
	{ "In " key * }
      if$
    }
    { "In " format.crossref.editor * }
  if$
  " \shortcite{" * crossref * "}" *
}

FUNCTION {article}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  new.block format.year "year" output.check
  new.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  crossref missing$
    { journal emphasize "journal" output.check
      format.vol.num.pages sioutput
    }
    { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
      format.pages sioutput
    }
  if$
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {book}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check }
    { format.authors output.nonnull
      crossref missing$
	{ "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
	'skip$
      if$
    }
  if$
  new.block format.year "year" output.check
  new.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  crossref missing$
    { format.bvolume output
      new.block
      format.number.series output
      new.sentence
      format.publisher "publisher" output.check
    }
    { new.block
      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
    }
  if$
  format.edition output
%  format.date "year" output.check
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {booklet}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors output
  new.block format.year "year" output.check
  new.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  howpublished address new.block.checkb
  howpublished output
  address output
%  format.date output
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {inbook}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check }
    { format.authors output.nonnull
      crossref missing$
	{ "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
	'skip$
      if$
    }
  if$
  new.block format.year "year" output.check
  new.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  crossref missing$
    { format.bvolume output
      new.block
      format.number.series output
      new.sentence
      format.publisher "publisher" output.check
    }
    { format.book.crossref output.nonnull
    }
  if$
  format.edition output
%  format.date "year" output.check
  new.block
  format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {incollection}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  new.block format.year "year" output.check
  new.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  crossref missing$
    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
      format.bvolume output
      format.number.series output
      new.sentence
      format.publisher "publisher" output.check
      format.edition output
%      format.date "year" output.check
      new.block
      format.chapter.pages output
    }
    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
      new.block
      format.chapter.pages output
    }
  if$
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {inproceedings}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  new.block format.year "year" output.check
  new.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  crossref missing$
    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
      format.bvolume output
      format.number.series output
      format.pages output
      new.block
      organization empty$
        { format.publisher output }
	{ format.organization output }
      if$
    }
    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
      format.pages output
    }
  if$
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }

FUNCTION {manual}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
    { organization empty$
	'skip$
	{ organization output.nonnull
	  address output
	}
      if$
    }
    { format.authors output.nonnull }
  if$
  new.block format.year "year" output.check
  new.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  author empty$
    { organization empty$
	{ address new.block.checka
	  address output
	}
	'skip$
      if$
    }
    { organization address new.block.checkb
      organization output
      address output
    }
  if$
  format.edition output
%  format.date output
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  new.block format.year "year" output.check
  new.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  "Master's thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
  school "school" output.check
  address output
%  format.date "year" output.check
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {misc}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors output
  new.block format.year "year" output.check
  title howpublished new.block.checkb
  format.title output
  howpublished new.block.checka
  howpublished output
%  format.date output
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
  empty.misc.check
}

FUNCTION {phdthesis}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  new.block format.year "year" output.check
  new.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  new.block
  "Ph.D. Dissertation" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
  school "school" output.check
  address output
%  format.date "year" output.check
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {proceedings}
{ output.bibitem
  editor empty$
    { organization output }
    { format.editors output.nonnull }
  if$
  new.block format.year "year" output.check
  new.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  format.bvolume output
  format.number.series output
  editor empty$
    { publisher empty$
        { address output }
	{ format.publisher output }
      if$
    }
    { organization empty$
        { publisher new.sentence.checka
          format.publisher output
        }	
        { organization new.sentence.checkb
	  format.organization output
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {techreport}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  new.block format.year "year" output.check
  new.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  format.tr.number output.nonnull
  institution "institution" output.check
  address output
%  format.date "year" output.check
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {unpublished}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  new.block format.year "year" output.check
  new.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  note "note" output.check
%  format.date output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }

MACRO {jan} {"January"}

MACRO {feb} {"February"}

MACRO {mar} {"March"}

MACRO {apr} {"April"}

MACRO {may} {"May"}

MACRO {jun} {"June"}

MACRO {jul} {"July"}

MACRO {aug} {"August"}

MACRO {sep} {"September"}

MACRO {oct} {"October"}

MACRO {nov} {"November"}

MACRO {dec} {"December"}

MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Computing Surveys"}

MACRO {acta} {"Acta Informatica"}

MACRO {cacm} {"Communications of the ACM"}

MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM Journal of Research and Development"}

MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Systems Journal"}

MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"}

MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Transactions on Computers"}

MACRO {ieeetcad}
 {"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits"}

MACRO {ipl} {"Information Processing Letters"}

MACRO {jacm} {"Journal of the ACM"}

MACRO {jcss} {"Journal of Computer and System Sciences"}

MACRO {scp} {"Science of Computer Programming"}

MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM Journal on Computing"}

MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Transactions on Computer Systems"}

MACRO {tods} {"ACM Transactions on Database Systems"}

MACRO {tog} {"ACM Transactions on Graphics"}

MACRO {toms} {"ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software"}

MACRO {toois} {"ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems"}

MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems"}

MACRO {tcs} {"Theoretical Computer Science"}

READ

FUNCTION {sortify}
{ purify$
  "l" change.case$
}

INTEGERS { len }

FUNCTION {chop.word}
{ 's :=
  'len :=
  s #1 len substring$ =
    { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
    's
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.lab.names}
{ 's :=
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=

  numnames #1 =
    { s #1 "{vv }{ll}" format.name$ }
    { numnames #2 =
        { s #1 "{vv }{ll} \& " format.name$ s #2 "{vv }{ll}" format.name$ *
        }
        { numnames #3 = 
 	    { s #1 "{vv }{ll}, " format.name$ 
	      s #2 "{vv }{ll}, \& " format.name$ *
	      s #3 "{vv }{ll}" format.name$ *
	    }
	    { s #1 "{vv }{ll }\bgroup \em et al.\egroup " format.name$
	    }
	  if$
	}
      if$
    }
  if$

}

FUNCTION {author.key.label}
{ author empty$
    { key empty$

	{ cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }

	{ key }
      if$
    }
    { author format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label}
{ author empty$
    { editor empty$
	{ key empty$

	    { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }

	    { key }
	  if$
	}
	{ editor format.lab.names }
      if$
    }
    { author format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.key.organization.label}
{ author empty$
    { key empty$
	{ organization empty$

	    { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }

	    { "The " #4 organization chop.word #3 text.prefix$ }
	  if$
	}
	{ key }
      if$
    }
    { author format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {editor.key.organization.label}
{ editor empty$
    { key empty$
	{ organization empty$

	    { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }

	    { "The " #4 organization chop.word #3 text.prefix$ }
	  if$
	}
	{ key }
      if$
    }
    { editor format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {calc.label}
{ type$ "book" =
  type$ "inbook" =
  or
    'author.editor.key.label
    { type$ "proceedings" =
	'editor.key.organization.label
	{ type$ "manual" =
	    'author.key.organization.label
	    'author.key.label
	  if$
	}
      if$
    }
  if$
  duplicate$

  "\protect\citeauthoryear{" swap$ * "}{" *
  year field.or.null purify$ *  % CHANGED - pfps - 15 Feb 1989
  'label :=
  year field.or.null purify$ *

  sortify 'sort.label :=
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
{ 's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  ""
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { nameptr #1 >
	{ "   " * }
	'skip$
      if$

      s nameptr "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{  ff{ }}{  jj{ }}" format.name$ 't :=

      nameptr numnames = t "others" = and
	{ "et al" * }
	{ t sortify * }
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
{ 't :=
  "A " #2
    "An " #3
      "The " #4 t chop.word
    chop.word
  chop.word
  sortify
  #1 global.max$ substring$
}

FUNCTION {author.sort}
{ author empty$
    { key empty$
	{ "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
	  ""
	}
	{ key sortify }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
{ author empty$
    { editor empty$
	{ key empty$
	    { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
	      ""
	    }
	    { key sortify }
	  if$
	}
	{ editor sort.format.names }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.organization.sort}
{ author empty$
    { organization empty$
	{ key empty$
	    { "to sort, need author, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
	      ""
	    }
	    { key sortify }
	  if$
	}
	{ "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {editor.organization.sort}
{ editor empty$
    { organization empty$
	{ key empty$
	    { "to sort, need editor, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
	      ""
	    }
	    { key sortify }
	  if$
	}
	{ "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
      if$
    }
    { editor sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {presort}

{ calc.label
  sort.label
  "    "
  *
  type$ "book" =

  type$ "inbook" =
  or
    'author.editor.sort
    { type$ "proceedings" =
	'editor.organization.sort
	{ type$ "manual" =
	    'author.organization.sort
	    'author.sort
	  if$
	}
      if$
    }
  if$

  *

  "    "
  *
  year field.or.null sortify
  *
  "    "
  *
  title field.or.null
  sort.format.title
  *
  #1 entry.max$ substring$
  'sort.key$ :=
}

ITERATE {presort}

SORT

STRINGS { longest.label last.sort.label next.extra }

INTEGERS { longest.label.width last.extra.num }

FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label}
{ "" 'longest.label :=
  #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.sort.label :=
  "" 'next.extra :=
  #0 'longest.label.width :=
  #0 'last.extra.num :=
}

FUNCTION {forward.pass}
{ last.sort.label sort.label =
    { last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
      last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
    }
    { "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
      "" 'extra.label :=
      sort.label 'last.sort.label :=
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {reverse.pass}
{ next.extra "b" =
    { "a" 'extra.label := }
    'skip$
  if$
  label extra.label * "}" * 'label :=   % CHANGED - pfps 15 Feb 1989
  label width$ longest.label.width >
    { label 'longest.label :=
      label width$ 'longest.label.width :=
    }
    'skip$
  if$
  extra.label 'next.extra :=
}

EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label}

ITERATE {forward.pass}

REVERSE {reverse.pass}

FUNCTION {begin.bib}

{ preamble$ empty$
    'skip$
    { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
  if$

  "\begin{thebibliography}{}" write$ newline$

}

EXECUTE {begin.bib}

EXECUTE {init.state.consts}

ITERATE {call.type$}

FUNCTION {end.bib}
{ newline$
  "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
}

EXECUTE {end.bib}


============= cut here ==========================================

%Filename: AAAI.sty
%
\typeout{Conference Style for AAAI -- version of 22 February 1994}
% Place this in a file called aaai.sty in the TeX search path.  (Placing
% it in the same directory as the paper should also work.)

% Prepared by Peter F. Patel-Schneider, liberally using the ideas of
% other style hackers, including Barbara Beeton.
% This style is NOT guaranteed to work.  It is provided in the hope
% that it will make the preparation of papers easier.
%
% There are undoubtably bugs in this style.  If you make bug fixes,
% improvements, etc.  please let me know.  My e-mail address is:
%       pfps@research.att.com

% The preparation of this file was supported by Schlumberger Palo Alto
% Research, AT\&T Bell Laboratories, AAAI, and Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.

% These instructions can be modified and used in other conferences as long
% as credit to the authors and supporting agencies is retained, this notice
% is not changed, and further modification or reuse is not restricted.

% Appended to the file so that the Bibliography style is closer to the
% one specified in the Instructions to Authors for AAAI papers.
% This style is NOT guaranteed to work.  It is provided in the hope
% that it will make the preparation of papers easier.
% Standard disclaimers apply. Send comments etc., to si@cs.cmu.edu

% Papers are to be prepared as follows:
%       \documentstyle[aaai]{article}
%       \title{Title}
%       \author{Author 1 \and Author 2 \\ Address line \\ Address line \And
%               Author 3 \\ Address line \\ Address line}
%       \begin{document}
%       \maketitle
%       ...
%       \bibliography{Bibliography-File}
%       \bibliographystyle{aaai}
%       \end{document}

% Author information can be set in various styles:
% For several authors from the same institution:
% \author{Author 1 \and ... \and Author n \\
%         Address line \\ ... \\ Address line}
% if the names do not fit well on one line use
%         Author 1 \\ {\bf Author 2} \\ ... \\ {\bf Author n} \\
% For authors from different institutions:
% \author{Author 1 \\ Address line \\  ... \\ Address line
%         \And  ... \And
%         Author n \\ Address line \\ ... \\ Address line}
% To start a seperate ``row'' of authors use \AND, as in
% \author{Author 1 \\ Address line \\  ... \\ Address line
%         \AND
%         Author 2 \\ Address line \\ ... \\ Address line \And
%         Author 3 \\ Address line \\ ... \\ Address line}

% If the title and author information does not fit in the area allocated,
% place \setlength\titlebox{<new height>} after the \documentstyle line
% where <new height> is something like 2.5in

% NOTE:  Some laser printers have a serious problem printing TeX output.
% These printing devices, commonly known as ``write-white'' laser
% printers, tend to make characters too light.  To get around this
% problem, a darker set of fonts must be created for these devices.
%

% Physical page layout
\setlength\topmargin{-0.25in} \setlength\oddsidemargin{-0.205in}
\setlength\textheight{8.9in} \setlength\textwidth{6.91in}
\setlength\columnsep{0.375in}  \newlength\titlebox \setlength\titlebox{2.25in}
\setlength\headheight{0pt}   \setlength\headsep{0pt}
\setlength\footheight{0pt}   \setlength\footskip{0pt}
\thispagestyle{empty}        \pagestyle{empty}
\flushbottom \twocolumn \sloppy

% We're never going to need a table of contents, so just flush it to
% save space --- suggested by drstrip@sandia-2
\def\addcontentsline#1#2#3{}

% Title stuff, taken from deproc.
\def\maketitle{\par
 \begingroup % to make the footnote style local to the title
   \def\thefootnote{\fnsymbol{footnote}}
   \def\@makefnmark{\hbox to 0pt{$^{\@thefnmark}$\hss}}
   \twocolumn[\@maketitle] \@thanks
 \endgroup
\setcounter{footnote}{0}
 \let\maketitle\relax \let\@maketitle\relax
 \gdef\@thanks{}\gdef\@author{}\gdef\@title{}\let\thanks\relax}
\def\@maketitle{\vbox to \titlebox{\hsize\textwidth
 \linewidth\hsize \vskip 0.625in minus 0.125in \centering
 {\LARGE\bf \@title \par} \vskip 0.2in plus 1fil minus 0.1in
 {\def\and{\unskip\enspace{\rm and}\enspace}%
  \def\And{\end{tabular}\hss \egroup \hskip 1in plus 2fil 
           \hbox to 0pt\bgroup\hss \begin{tabular}[t]{c}\Large\bf}%
  \def\AND{\end{tabular}\hss\egroup \hfil\hfil\egroup
          \vskip 0.25in plus 1fil minus 0.125in
           \hbox to \linewidth\bgroup\Large \hfil\hfil
             \hbox to 0pt\bgroup\hss \begin{tabular}[t]{c}\Large\bf}
  \hbox to \linewidth\bgroup\normalsize \hfil\hfil
    \hbox to 0pt\bgroup\hss \begin{tabular}[t]{c}\Large\bf\@author 
                            \end{tabular}\hss\egroup
    \hfil\hfil\egroup}
  \vskip 0.3in plus 2fil minus 0.1in
}}

\renewenvironment{abstract}{\centerline{\bf
Abstract}\vspace{0.5ex}\begin{quote}\small}{\par\end{quote}\vskip 1ex}

% sections with less space
\def\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}{-2.0ex plus
    -0.5ex minus -.2ex}{3pt plus 2pt minus 1pt}{\Large\bf\centering}}
\def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}{-2.0ex plus
    -0.5ex minus -.2ex}{3pt plus 2pt minus 1pt}{\large\bf\raggedright}}
\def\subsubsection{\@startsection{subparagraph}{3}{\z@}{-6pt plus
   2pt minus 1pt}{-1em}{\normalsize\bf}}
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{0}

% Footnotes
\footnotesep 6.65pt %
\skip\footins 9pt plus 4pt minus 2pt
\def\footnoterule{\kern-3pt \hrule width 5pc \kern 2.6pt }
\setcounter{footnote}{0}

% Lists and paragraphs
\parindent 10pt
\topsep 4pt plus 1pt minus 2pt
\partopsep 1pt plus 0.5pt minus 0.5pt
\itemsep 2pt plus 1pt minus 0.5pt
\parsep 2pt plus 1pt minus 0.5pt

\leftmargin 10pt \leftmargini\leftmargin \leftmarginii 10pt
\leftmarginiii 5pt \leftmarginiv 5pt \leftmarginv 5pt \leftmarginvi 5pt
\labelwidth\leftmargini\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep \labelsep 5pt

\def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini}
\def\@listii{\leftmargin\leftmarginii
   \labelwidth\leftmarginii\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
   \topsep 2pt plus 1pt minus 0.5pt
   \parsep 1pt plus 0.5pt minus 0.5pt
   \itemsep \parsep}
\def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii
    \labelwidth\leftmarginiii\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
    \topsep 1pt plus 0.5pt minus 0.5pt 
    \parsep \z@ \partopsep 0.5pt plus 0pt minus 0.5pt
    \itemsep \topsep}
\def\@listiv{\leftmargin\leftmarginiv
     \labelwidth\leftmarginiv\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
\def\@listv{\leftmargin\leftmarginv
     \labelwidth\leftmarginv\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
\def\@listvi{\leftmargin\leftmarginvi
     \labelwidth\leftmarginvi\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}

\abovedisplayskip 7pt plus2pt minus5pt%
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\abovedisplayshortskip  0pt plus3pt%   
\belowdisplayshortskip  4pt plus3pt minus3pt%

% Less leading in most fonts (due to the narrow columns)
% The choices were between 1-pt and 1.5-pt leading
\def\@normalsize{\@setsize\normalsize{11pt}\xpt\@xpt}	% 10 point on 11
\def\small{\@setsize\small{10pt}\ixpt\@ixpt}		% 9 point on 10
\def\footnotesize{\@setsize\footnotesize{10pt}\ixpt\@ixpt} % 9 point on 10
\def\scriptsize{\@setsize\scriptsize{8pt}\viipt\@viipt}	% 7 point on 8
\def\tiny{\@setsize\tiny{7pt}\vipt\@vipt}		% 6 point on 7
\def\large{\@setsize\large{12pt}\xipt\@xipt} 		% 11 point on 12
\def\Large{\@setsize\Large{14pt}\xiipt\@xiipt} 		% 12 point on 14
\def\LARGE{\@setsize\LARGE{16pt}\xivpt\@xivpt} 		% 14 point on 16
\def\huge{\@setsize\huge{20pt}\xviipt\@xviipt} 		% 17 point on 20
\def\Huge{\@setsize\Huge{23pt}\xxpt\@xxpt} 		% 20 point on 23


%%%% named style for aaai, included here for ease of use

% This section implements citations for the ``named'' bibliography style,
% modified for AAAI use.

% This file can be modified and used in other conferences as long
% as credit to the authors and supporting agencies is retained, this notice
% is not changed, and further modification or reuse is not restricted.

% The ``named'' bibliography style creates citations with labels like
%	\citeauthoryear{author-info}{year}
% these labels are processed by the following commands:
%	\cite{keylist}
%		which produces citations with both author and year,
%		enclosed in square brackets
%	\shortcite{keylist}
%		which produces citations with year only,
%		enclosed in square brackets
%	\citeauthor{key}
%		which produces the author information only
%	\citeyear{key}
%		which produces the year information only

\def\leftcite{(}\def\rightcite{)}

\def\cite{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2{\def\@thisauthor{##1}%
 	     \ifx \@lastauthor \@thisauthor \relax \else##1 \fi ##2}\@icite}
\def\shortcite{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2{##2}\@icite}

\def\citeauthor{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2{##1}\@nbcite}
\def\citeyear{\def\citeauthoryear##1##2{##2}\@nbcite}

% internal macro for citations with () and with breaks between citations
% used in \cite and \shortcite
\def\@icite{\leavevmode\def\@citeseppen{-1000}%
 \def\@cite##1##2{\leftcite\nobreak\hskip 0in{##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi}\rightcite}%
 \@ifnextchar [{\@tempswatrue\@citex}{\@tempswafalse\@citex[]}}
% internal macro for citations without [] and with no breaks
% used in \citeauthor and \citeyear
\def\@nbcite{\leavevmode\def\@citeseppen{1000}%
 \def\@cite##1##2{{##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi}}%
 \@ifnextchar [{\@tempswatrue\@citex}{\@tempswafalse\@citex[]}}

% don't box citations, separate with ; and a space
% also, make the penalty between citations a parameter, 
% it may be a good place to break
\def\@citex[#1]#2{%
  \def\@lastauthor{}\def\@citea{}%
  \@cite{\@for\@citeb:=#2\do
    {\@citea\def\@citea{;\penalty\@citeseppen\ }%
     \if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{\@citeb}}\fi
     \@ifundefined{b@\@citeb}{\def\@thisauthor{}{\bf ?}\@warning
       {Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}%
     {\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}\let\@lastauthor\@thisauthor}}{#1}}

%Ignore the key when generating the Reference section.
\def\@lbibitem[#1]#2{\item\if@filesw 
      { \def\protect##1{\string ##1\space}\immediate
        \write\@auxout{\string\bibcite{#2}{#1}}}\fi\ignorespaces}

\def\thebibliography#1{\section*{References\@mkboth
 {REFERENCES}{REFERENCES}}\list
 {}{\labelwidth 0in\leftmargin\labelwidth
 \advance\leftmargin\labelsep \itemsep .01in}
 \def\newblock{\hskip .11em plus .33em minus .07em}
 \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000
 \sfcode`\.=1000\relax}
\let\endthebibliography=\endlist

=========================================================================

%File: AAAI.Sty-BugList
The following suggestions have been sent to us regarding the AAAI LaTeX 
style file. These modifications may or may not apply to you.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Latex 2e treats the aaai.sty differently than Latex 2.09, in
particular, adding about a page to a 7 page paper by increasing the
interline spacing.

This is apparently because 2e redefines the "normalsize" macro, while
2.09 defines if from @normalsize.  This also scews up the treatment of
\{above,below}display[short]skip.

The workaround is to add the line:

\def\normalsize{\@setsize\normalsize{11pt}\xpt\@xpt}	% 10 point on 11

right after the line:

\def\@normalsize{\@setsize\normalsize{11pt}\xpt\@xpt}	% 10 point on 11

in aaai.sty.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Here is a bug fix to the aaai.sty file for Latex from AAAI's web site needed
for my version of latex ("This is TeX, Version 3.1415 (C version 6.1)"):

Change line

 \linewidth\hsize \vskip 0.625in minus 0.125in \centering

to

 \linewidth\hsize \vskip 0.375in minus 0.125in \centering

to make the title start at the correct height on the page. Otherwise it starts
0.25 in too low. I don't know if this applies to older versions of latex or
not.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Since I was annoyed by a strange behavior of aaai.sty,
I examined it and found a bug of the style file.

\def\subsubsection{\@startsection{subparagraph}{3}{\z@}{-6pt plus
     2pt minus 1pt}{-1em}{\normalsize\bf}}
==> -2pt minus -1pt}{-1em}{\normalsize\bf}}

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

In order to use aaai.sty in LaTeX2e it is necessary to comment out the 
\footheight command. You can do so by changing

\setlength\footheight{0pt}   \setlength\footskip{0pt}

to

%\setlength\footheight{0pt}
\setlength\footskip{0pt}


=========================================================================

The \setlength\titlebox{2.25in} is 2.25, while the paper template
looks like it will allow a minimum of 2 in.

Perhaps 2 in. should be the default in aaai.sty?